Diet and Nutrition Survey of Infants and Young Children in Scotland, 2011

References and endnotes

1. The National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) is a UK survey of the food consumption, nutrient intakes and nutritional status of people aged 1.5 years and older living in private households. The NDNS is currently structured as a 'rolling programme' of continuous fieldwork. Headline results are published annually:

http://transparency.dh.gov.uk/2012/07/25/ndns-3-years-report/

2. http://www.healthscotland.com/documents/5064.aspx

3. World Health Organization. The optimal duration of exclusive breastfeeding: Report on an expert consultation. Geneva (2001)

4. Improving Maternal and Infant Nutrition: 'A Framework for Action' Scottish Government 2011. Available online: http://www.scotland.gov.uke4f91180-3a47-4a4e-9c3a-aa659cbcfc08

5. Complementary foods/feeding: the period where infants make the gradual transition from liquid foods to eating solid and family foods.

6. Report of Health and Social Subjects 41 Dietary Reference Values (DRVs) for Food Energy and Nutrients for the UK. Report on the Panel on DRVs of the Committee on Medical Aspects of Food Policy (COMA) 1991. The Stationery Office. London

7. Total energy is equivalent to food energy as no alcohol is consumed by children of this age and is therefore named energy.

8. Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition. Dietary Recommendations for Energy. The Stationery Office (London, 2011).

9. For children aged under one year, energy intakes are compared with the figure for the mixed or unknown feeding group for EAR for energy. For those aged 12 to 18 months, intakes are compared to the median physical activity level (PAL) value adjusted for growth for boys and girls.

10. A recent study, not considered in Annexe D of the UK report, reported median values or the vitamin D content of human breast milk from a sample of 108 European women (two to three weeks postpartum) of 2.2µg/L (interquartile range of 1.6µg/L to 4.4µg/L) Zhang JY, Lucey AJ, Galvin K, Nolan L, Cashman KD, Higgins JR and Kiely M. Vitamin D content of human milk and associations with milk fat content and maternal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society (2012), 71 (OCE2), E54.

11. Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition (SACN). Salt and Health. The Stationery Office (London, 2003). Available online: http://www.sacn.gov.uk/pdfs/sacn_salt_final.pdf