Publication - Research and analysis
Flood disadvantage in Scotland: mapping the potential losses in well-being
This Scottish research looks at the communities most socially and spatially vulnerable to potential flood events in terms of their underlying characteristics (i.e. socio-demographic data such as age and health, spatial and physical characteristics of the neighbourhood), with a focus on mapping flood disadvantage (i.e. socio-spatial vulnerability combined with the probability of being flooded).
6 Appendix 1
Table A1.1 Domains associated with each of the five dimensions of socio-spatial flood vulnerability[23]
| Dimension | Domain | Example explanation |
|---|---|---|
| Sensitivity Biophysical characteristics |
Age | old & young are more physically susceptible to harm |
| Health | those with pre-existing illnesses are more susceptible | |
| Special care | those in care environments already require additional support | |
| Exposure Physical neighbourhood attributes |
Physical environment | amount of green or blue space; availability of gardens |
| Housing characteristics | type of building (basement & street level dwellings) | |
| Preparation Taking precautions |
Income | ability to obtain technical solutions (e.g. flood gates) |
| Tenure | ability to modify living environments | |
| Information use | ability to use/access information | |
| Local knowledge | availability of personal or community experience from past events in the local area | |
| Insurance | likelihood of insurance being available | |
| Response Avoiding losses |
Income | ability to use technical and other solutions |
| Information use | language & education affecting the ability to respond to warnings | |
| Local knowledge | availability of personal or community experience from past events in the local area | |
| Insurance | likelihood of insurance being available | |
| Social networks | availability of personal or community networks | |
| Mobility | availability of personal/household mobility | |
| Crime | ability to deploy adaptive measure, e.g. flood gates | |
| General accessibility | general neighbourhood accessibility | |
| Recovery Recovering from a flood event |
Income | ability to replace lost goods, find temporary accommodation |
| Information use | ability to understand what help is available and what to do (language & education) | |
| Insurance | ability to claim for damages and re-insure | |
| Social networks | availability of personal/community networks (if isolated less likely to obtain assistance) | |
| Mobility | general mobility/disability | |
| Housing mobility | ability to move away from an area |
Table A1.2: List of indicators used for Scotland. Differences in indicators to England are shown in bold font.
| Dimension | Domain | Indicator | Locations | Groups | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Heat | Flood | Heat | Flood | |||
| Sensitivity | Age | % very young (<5) | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Sensitivity | Age | % old (> 65) | Y | Y | ||
| Sensitivity | Age | % very old (> 75) | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Sensitivity | Health | % with Limiting Long Term Illness | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Sensitivity | Health | % with Limiting Long Term Illness but working | Y | Y | ||
| Sensitivity | Health | % in poor health | Y | Y | ||
| Sensitivity | Health | % HHs with at least one person with a LLTI | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Sensitivity | Care | % in nursing care | Y | Y | ||
| Sensitivity | Care | % in residential care | Y | Y | ||
| Enhanced Exposure | Physical Environment | % urbana | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Enhanced Exposure | Physical Geography | Average distance to coast of zoneb | Y | Y | ||
| Enhanced Exposure | Physical Geography | Minimum distance from coast in the zoneb | Y | |||
| Enhanced Exposure | Physical Geography | Average elevation for the zone (low = high exposure)c | Y | Y | ||
| Enhanced Exposure | Physical Geography | Maximum elevation for the zone (low = high exposure)c | Y | |||
| Enhanced Exposure | Housing | % HHs Lowest floor level: Basement or semi-basement | Y | Y | ||
| Enhanced Exposure | Housing | % HHs Lowest floor level: Ground floor (street level) | Y | Y | ||
| Enhanced Exposure | Housing | % HHs Lowest floor level: Fifth floor or higher | Y | Y | ||
| Prepare | Income | % unemployed | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Prepare | Income | % in low income work (routine/manual) | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Prepare | Income | Workless Client Group: % of Working Age Population d | Y | Y | ||
| Prepare | Income | % unemployed Never worked/LTUemp | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Prepare | Income | % HHs with no adults working and with dependent children | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Prepare | Income | % HHs with no adults working with no dependent children | Y | Y | ||
| Prepare | Income | Percentage of Households Income Deprived (Decile, 2004/05) e | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Prepare | Income | % all pensioner HHs | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Prepare | Income | % pensioners | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Prepare | Tenure | % renting from social landlords | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Prepare | Tenure | % renting from private landlords | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Prepare | Tenure | % renting from social landlords | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Prepare | Tenure | % renting from private landlords | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Prepare | Tenure | % HHs not owner occupied (reverse of formal variable) | Y | Y | ||
| Prepare | Tenure | % HHs not owned outright (reverse of formal variable) | Y | Y | ||
| Prepare | Info use | % Born outside UK | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Prepare | Info use | % born in other EU countries | Y | Y | ||
| Prepare | Info use | % born Elsewhere (Outside Europe) | Y | Y | ||
| Prepare | Info use | New migrants from overseas (People with <1 yr residency coming from outside UK) | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Prepare | Info use | % with basic education (no or level 1) | Y | Y | ||
| Prepare | Local knowledge | New migrants from outside the local area | Y | Y | ||
| Prepare | Local knowledge | % None White HHs with <1 yr residency in area | Y | |||
| Prepare | Insurance | Past flood events (% area associated with past events)f | Y | Y | ||
| Response | Income | % unemployed | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Response | Income | % in low income work (routine/manual) | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Response | Income | Workless Client Group: % of Working Age Population d | Y | Y | ||
| Response | Income | % unemployed Never worked/LTUemp | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Response | Income | % HHs with no adults working and with dependent children | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Response | Income | % HHs with no adults working with no dependent children | Y | Y | ||
| Response | Income | Percentage of Households Income Deprived (Decile, 2004/05) e | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Response | Income | % all pensioner HHs | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Response | Income | % pensioners | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Response | Info use | % Born outside UK | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Response | Info use | % born in other EU countries | Y | Y | ||
| Response | Info use | % born Elsewhere (Outside Europe) | Y | Y | ||
| Response | Info use | New migrants from overseas (People with <1 yr residency coming from outside UK) | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Response | Info use | % with basic education (no or level 1) | Y | Y | ||
| Response | Local Knowledge | New migrants from outside the local area | Y | Y | ||
| Response | Local Knowledge | % None White HHs with <1 yr residency in area | Y | |||
| Response | Insurance | Past flood events (% area associated with past events)f | Y | Y | ||
| Response | Social Networks | % Single pensioner household | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Response | Social Networks | % female lone parent households | Y | Y | ||
| Response | Social Networks | % Single person households (non-pensioner) | Y | Y | ||
| Response | Social Networks | % Lone parent households with dependent children | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Response | Social Networks | % households with dependent children | Y | Y | ||
| Response | Social Networks | % people who do not provide unpaid care (reverse of formal variable) | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Response | Mobility | % disabled | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Response | Mobility | Avg Yearly Incapacity Benefit/Severe Disablement Allowance claimants d | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Response | Mobility | % households with no car/van | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Response | Mobility | % HHs without more than one car/van (reverse of formal variable) | Y | Y | ||
| Response | Mobility | % not home workers (resident pop) | Y | Y | ||
| Response | Mobility | % travel to work by public transport (resident pop) | Y | |||
| Response | Mobility | mean hours worked | Y | |||
| Response | Crime | Total no. of SIMD crimes04 | Y | Y | ||
| Response | Crime | No. SIMD crimes per 10,000-2004 e | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Response | General Access | Average Distance (km) Travelled to Place of Work or Study d | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Recovery | Income | % unemployed | Y | Y | ||
| Recovery | Income | % in low income work (routine/manual) | Y | Y | ||
| Recovery | Income | Workless Client Group: % of Working Age Population d | Y | |||
| Recovery | Income | % unemployed Never worked/LTUemp | Y | Y | ||
| Recovery | Income | % HHs with no adults working and with dependent children | Y | Y | ||
| Recovery | Income | % HHs with no adults working with no dependent children | Y | |||
| Recovery | Income | Percentage of Households Income Deprived (Decile, 2004/05) e | Y | Y | ||
| Recovery | Income | % all pensioner HHs | Y | Y | ||
| Recovery | Income | % pensioners | Y | Y | ||
| Recovery | Info Use | % Born outside UK and Ireland | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Recovery | Info Use | % born in other EU countries (excluding Ireland) | Y | Y | ||
| Recovery | Info Use | % born Elsewhere (Outside Europe) | Y | Y | ||
| Recovery | Info Use | % People with No or level 1 qualification | Y | Y | ||
| Recovery | Info Use | People with <1 yr residency coming from outside UK | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Recovery | Insurance | Past flood events (% area associated with past events)e | Y | Y | ||
| Recovery | Social Networks | % Single pensioner household | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Recovery | Social Networks | % female lone parent households | Y | Y | ||
| Recovery | Social Networks | % Single person households (non-pensioner) | Y | Y | ||
| Recovery | Social Networks | % Lone parent households with dependent children | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Recovery | Social Networks | % households with dependent children <4 | Y | Y | ||
| Recovery | Social Networks | % people who do not provide unpaid care (reverse of formal variable) | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Recovery | Mobility | % disabled | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Recovery | Mobility | Avg Yearly Incapacity Benefit/Severe Disablement Allowance claimants d | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Recovery | Mobility | % households with no car | Y | Y | ||
| Recovery | Mobility | % HHs without more than one car (reverse of formal variable) | Y | |||
| Recovery | Mobility | % not home workers (resident pop) (reverse of formal variable) | Y | Y | ||
| Recovery | Mobility | % travel to work by public transport (resident pop) | Y | |||
| Recovery | Mobility | mean hours worked | Y | |||
| Recovery | Service Access | Mean distance to GP surgery d | Y | Y | ||
Table Notes and Data Acknowledgements:
All data are from or derived from the UK Census 2001, except for:
a: calculated from urban footprint boundaries Edina UK Borders.
b: calculated from Edina UK Borders coastline data. Estimates are based on "as-the-crow-flies" (Euclidean) distances.
c: mean elevation, calculated from the same source as for the other devolved nations.
d: Scottish National Statistics.
e: Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation 2004/5, Scottish National Statistics.
f: Scottish Environment Protection Agency historical flood zones.
Contact
Email: Jackie Horne
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