GROWING UP IN SCOTLAND: THE CIRCUMSTANCES AND EXPERIENCES OF 3 YEAR OLD CHILDREN LIVING IN SCOTLAND IN 2007/08 AND 2013
This report uses data from the Growing Up in Scotland Study to compare the circumstances and experiences of children aged 3 in Scotland in 2007/08 with those at the same age in 2013.It looks at child health and development and parental health as well as other aspects that could be compared including television viewing. The report considers how these vary by socio-economic characteristics: household income; area deprivation; maternal age and parental level of education.
Chapter 5 Child Television Viewing
At the age 3 interview parents in BC1 and BC2 were asked a series of questions to measure the amount of television their child watched. These questions asked about the number of days the child watched television over the past week as well as how long the child spent watching television on a typical weekday and over a typical weekend. Parents were asked to include any time the child spent watching a film or DVD on a computer or laptop - as well as a television - but to exclude any other type of 'screen time' such as using a games console or computer to play games.
A range of international studies have shown that high exposure to television viewing in the early years has an adverse impact on cognitive development (see e.g. Zimmerman and Christakis, 2005; Christakis et al., 2009). Within the UK, analysis of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) data found that greater usage of television in the home during a child's early years was associated with lower levels of language development at 24 months (even after controlling for socio-economic differences, including maternal occupation and parental educational status) (see Roulstone et al., 2011).
Data from longitudinal studies have also been used to explore the links between television viewing and childhood obesity. Earlier analysis from GUS has found that child's screen time between the ages of 3 and 6 was not associated with overweight and obesity at age 6 (Parkes et al., 2012). By comparison, analysis of ALSPAC data has found that a high number of hours of exposure to television at age 3 was associated with an increased risk of childhood obesity at age 7, again after controlling for socioeconomic differences (Reilly et al., 2005). The researchers concluded that this was due to television being associated both with a decrease in physical activity, and an increase in dietary intake. It is possible that the lack of a significant association between screen time and obesity in earlier GUS analysis is because screen time was a measurement not only of time spent watching television but also of playing video games and using a computer. A review of studies on the links between obesity and sedentary activities, suggested that time spent watching television and time spent playing video games should be analysed separately. The researchers found that while there was evidence that suggested parents should limit the time their younger children spent watching television, the evidence for any link between obesity and the time spent playing video games was not as strong. The researchers concluded that the link between time spent viewing television and obesity was likely to be related to a higher energy intake during times of inactivity rather than being a symptom of sedentary activity itself (Rey-Lopez et al., 2008).
5.1 Number of days in past week child watched television
The vast majority of children in BC1 (82%) and BC2 (86%) had watched television every day in the seven days prior to the interview (Table 6.1). A very small proportion of children in both cohorts had not watched television on any day during the past week (4% in BC1 and 2% in BC2). These differences across the cohorts are statistically significant.
Table 5.1 Days watched television in past week, by cohort
BC1 | BC2 | |
---|---|---|
% | % | |
None | 4 | 2 |
1-3 days | 6 | 5 |
4-6 days | 8 | 7 |
7 days | 82 | 86 |
Unweighted bases | 4191 | 5013 |
Tested on category '7 days', differences between cohort p <.001.
Table 5.2 shows the number of days the child watched television over the past week by equivalised household income and cohort. Focussing on the proportion of children who watched television every day during the past week, it is difficult to see a clear, linear pattern between television viewing and income. However, children from households in the lowest income quintiles were more likely to watch television on every day in the past week than children in the highest two income quintiles. This pattern is evident for both BC1 and BC2. As noted before, number of days of television viewing has increased overall between BC1 and BC2. This increase can be seen in almost all income groups (with the exception of the second income quintile) in a similar way. As such, there has been no statistically significant change in the nature of the relationship between household income and television viewing across cohorts.
Table 5.2 Numbers of days in past week child watched television by equivalised household income (quintile) and cohort
Lowest quintile | 2nd quintile | 3rd quintile | 4th quintile | Highest quintile | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
% | % | % | % | % | |
BC1 | |||||
None | 4 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 3 |
1-3 days | 7 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 6 |
4-6 days | 6 | 6 | 8 | 9 | 12 |
7 days | 83 | 85 | 83 | 81 | 79 |
BC2 | |||||
None | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
1-3 days | 5 | 6 | 4 | 5 | 5 |
4-6 days | 5 | 6 | 7 | 9 | 9 |
7 days | 88 | 85 | 87 | 85 | 85 |
Unweighted bases - BC1 | 783 | 802 | 761 | 857 | 721 |
Unweighted bases - BC2 | 980 | 777 | 813 | 775 | 1021 |
Tested on category '7 days': differences by income p<.05; differences by cohort p< .001; cohort* income p=NS.
Differences in television viewing by parental level of education are shown in Table 5.3. Whilst there was no linear relationship between parental level of education and television viewing, for both cohorts, children of parents with no qualifications were more likely to watch television every day than children of parents educated to degree level (for example, in BC2, 91% compared with 84%). The proportion of children watching television every day has increased similarly across almost all parental education sub-groups. As such, there has been no change in the relationship between the number of days the child watched television over the past week and parental education between the cohorts.
Table 5.3 Numbers of days in past week child watched television by parental level of education and cohort
No qualifications | Lower Standard Grades or VQs or Other | Upper level SGs or Intermediate VQs | Higher grades and upper level VQs | Degree level academic and vocational qualifications | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
% | % | % | % | % | |
BC1 | |||||
None | 5 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 3 |
1-3 days | 7 | 6 | 5 | 7 | 7 |
4-6 days | 3 | 6 | 6 | 8 | 11 |
7 days | 85 | 86 | 84 | 83 | 79 |
BC2 | |||||
None | 4 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
1-3 days | 3 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 6 |
4-6 days | 1 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 9 |
7 days | 91 | 87 | 87 | 88 | 84 |
Unweighted bases - BC1 | 200 | 206 | 804 | 1378 | 1596 |
Unweighted bases - BC2 | 163 | 217 | 710 | 1428 | 2317 |
Tested on category '7 days': differences by education p<.001; differences by cohort p< .001; cohort* education p=NS.
Table 5.4 shows that for BC1 children there was no association between the number of days a child watched television in the past week and maternal age at the birth of the child. For BC2 children it appears as though maternal age is associated with television viewing -children of mothers aged 40 or over were less likely to watch television than children of mothers aged under 20 (81% versus 88%). However, differences by age were not statistically significant. There has therefore been no change in the nature of the relationship between the number of days the child watched television over the past week and maternal age between the cohorts.
Table 5.4 Numbers of days in past week child watched television by maternal age at child's birth and cohort
Under 20 years old | 20 to 29 years old | 30 to 39 years old | 40 or older | |
---|---|---|---|---|
% | % | % | % | |
BC1 | ||||
None | 4 | 4 | 3 | 5 |
1-3 days | 8 | 6 | 6 | 4 |
4-6 days | 6 | 7 | 9 | 9 |
7 days | 82 | 83 | 82 | 83 |
BC2 | ||||
None | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
1-3 days | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 |
4-6 days | 4 | 6 | 7 | 12 |
7 days | 88 | 86 | 86 | 81 |
Unweighted bases - BC1 | 221 | 1563 | 2229 | 155 |
Unweighted bases - BC2 | 217 | 1976 | 2570 | 227 |
Tested on category '7 days': differences by age p=NS; differences by cohort p< .001; cohort* education p=NS.
Differences in the number of days a child watched television in the past week were also examined by area deprivation (Table 5.5). Between BC1 and BC2, television watching increased for children in all areas, regardless of the level of deprivation. These differences are statistically significant. Table 6.5 shows that there is a slight difference between number of days of television viewing by area deprivation in BC1; children in the three most deprived areas were more likely to watch television every day over the past week than children in the least deprived areas (around 83% in the three most deprived areas compared with 80% in the two least deprived areas). In BC2, the pattern is similar; children living in more deprived areas are still more likely to have watched television every day than those living in less deprived areas. However, the level of difference between the groups was smaller than in BC1. Nevertheless, there has been no statistically significant change in the nature of the relationship between number of days the child has watched television and area deprivation between cohorts.
Table 5.5 Numbers of days in past week child watched television by area deprivation (quintiles) and cohort
1 Most deprived | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 Least deprived | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
% | % | % | % | % | |
BC1 | |||||
None | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 |
1-3 days | 6 | 6 | 5 | 8 | 7 |
4-6 days | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
7 days | 84 | 83 | 83 | 80 | 80 |
BC2 | |||||
None | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 |
1-3 days | 4 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 5 |
4-6 days | 5 | 5 | 6 | 9 | 8 |
7 days | 88 | 87 | 87 | 83 | 86 |
Unweighted bases - BC1 | 833 | 698 | 872 | 883 | 905 |
Unweighted bases - BC2 | 942 | 935 | 1029 | 1063 | 1010 |
Tested on category '7 days': differences by area deprivation p<0.5; differences by cohort p< .001; cohort* area deprivation p=NS.
5.2 Time spent watching television on a typical weekday
Table 5.6 presents the time the child spent watching television on a typical weekday by cohort. The most common length of time children watched television on a typical weekday was between 1 to 2 hours (35% of children in BC1 and 38% of children in BC2). Children aged 3 in 2013 were more likely to watch television for longer than children aged 3 in 2007/08. The proportion of children watching more than three hours of television on a typical weekday was 12% in BC1 increasing to 15% of children in BC2. These differences are statistically significant.
Table 5.6 Time spent watching television on a typical weekday by cohort
BC1 | BC2 | |
---|---|---|
None | 1 | 4 |
Up to 1 hour | 28 | 20 |
Between 1 and 2 hours | 35 | 38 |
Between 2 and 3 hours | 24 | 24 |
Over 3 hours | 12 | 15 |
Unweighted bases | 4024 | 4958 |
Tested on category 'Over 3 hours': differences by cohort p <.05
Table 5.7 presents the number of hours the child watched television by equivalised household income and cohort. Looking specifically at children who watched more than three hours of television on a typical weekday, for both cohorts there was a linear relationship between household income and television viewing: the lower the income quintile, the more likely the child was to watch television for over three hours. For example, in BC2, 19% of children from households in the lowest income quintile watched more than three hours of television every day compared with 14% of children from households in the third income quintile and 5% of children from households in the highest income quintile. Differences by income were statistically significant. Each income quintile has seen an increase (between BC1 and BC2) in the proportion of children watching three hours or more of television on a weekday so there has been no statistically significant change in the strength of this relationship between the cohorts.
Table 5.7 Time child spends watching television on an average weekday by equivalised household income (quintile) and cohort
Lowest quintile | 2nd quintile | 3rd quintile | 4th quintile | Highest quintile | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
% | % | % | % | % | |
BC1 | |||||
None | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Up to 1 hour | 25 | 27 | 25 | 29 | 32 |
Between 1 and 2 hours | 31 | 32 | 35 | 40 | 40 |
Between 2 and 3 hours | 24 | 27 | 25 | 23 | 21 |
Over 3 hours | 19 | 15 | 14 | 7 | 5 |
BC2 | |||||
None | 3 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
Up to 1 hour | 16 | 20 | 18 | 22 | 27 |
Between 1 and 2 hours | 32 | 33 | 40 | 41 | 44 |
Between 2 and 3 hours | 27 | 25 | 24 | 23 | 18 |
Over 3 hours | 21 | 16 | 15 | 9 | 6 |
Unweighted bases - BC1 | 741 | 768 | 732 | 834 | 698 |
Unweighted bases - BC2 | 963 | 769 | 808 | 769 | 1013 |
Tested on category 'Over 3 hours': differences by equivalised household income p< .001; differences by cohort p< .05; cohort* equivalised household income p=NS.
The amount time a child watched television on an average weekday also varied by level of parental education (Table 5.8). Children of parents educated to degree level were less likely to watch television for more than three hours than children of parents with no qualifications (in BC1, 7% compared with 20%). As noted earlier, BC2 children were more likely to watch more television overall and this increase is apparent amongst children in all education sub-groups. Thus there has been no notable change in the nature of the relationship between time spent watching television on a weekday and parental level of education between the cohorts.
Table 5.8 Time child spends watching television on an average weekday by parental level of education and cohort
No qualifications | Lower Standard Grades or VQs or Other | Upper level SGs or Intermediate VQs | Higher grades and upper level VQs | Degree level academic and vocational qualifications | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
% | % | % | % | % | |
BC1 | |||||
None | <1 | <1 | <1 | <1 | 1 |
Up to 1 hour | 20 | 24 | 24 | 28 | 31 |
Between 1 and 2 hours | 33 | 29 | 32 | 36 | 38 |
Between 2 and 3 hours | 26 | 27 | 27 | 24 | 22 |
Over 3 hours | 20 | 20 | 17 | 12 | 7 |
BC2 | |||||
None | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 5 |
Up to 1 hour | 12 | 13 | 14 | 18 | 25 |
Between 1 and 2 hours | 32 | 31 | 30 | 38 | 42 |
Between 2 and 3 hours | 26 | 32 | 29 | 25 | 19 |
Over 3 hours | 26 | 21 | 23 | 15 | 9 |
Unweighted bases - BC1 | 186 | 200 | 756 | 1338 | 1537 |
Unweighted bases - BC2 | 160 | 208 | 698 | 1412 | 2304 |
Tested on category 'Over 3 hours': differences by education p< .001; differences by cohort p< .01; cohort* education p=NS.
Table 5.9 shows the amount of television a child watches on a typical weekday by the mother's age at the time of the child's birth and cohort. We see that there was an association between mother's age and the child's television viewing habits. Likelihood of watching three or more hours of television on a typical day decreases as maternal age increases. In BC1, 17% of children whose mother was aged under 20 watched television for more than three hours compared with 11% of children whose mother was aged 40 or older. The corresponding figures in BC2 were 23% and 11%. There has been no statistically significant change in the nature of this relationship between the cohorts.
Table 5.9 Time child spends watching television on an average weekday by maternal age at child's birth and cohort
Under 20 years old | 20 to 29 years old | 30 to 39 years old | 40 or older | |
---|---|---|---|---|
% | % | % | % | |
BC1 | ||||
None | <1 | <1 | 1 | <1 |
Up to 1 hour | 23 | 27 | 30 | 26 |
Between 1 and 2 hours | 37 | 34 | 35 | 41 |
Between 2 and 3 hours | 23 | 24 | 24 | 22 |
Over 3 hours | 17 | 14 | 10 | 11 |
BC2 | ||||
None | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 |
Up to 1 hour | 16 | 18 | 22 | 27 |
Between 1 and 2 hours | 26 | 36 | 41 | 36 |
Between 2 and 3 hours | 31 | 24 | 22 | 21 |
Over 3 hours | 23 | 17 | 11 | 11 |
Unweighted bases - BC1 | 209 | 1500 | 2145 | 147 |
Unweighted bases - BC2 | 211 | 1953 | 2547 | 224 |
Tested on category 'Over 3 hours': differences by maternal age p< .001; differences by cohort p=NS; cohort* maternal age p=NS.
Table 5.10 presents the number of hours the child watched television on an average weekday by area deprivation and cohort. If we consider those children that watch television for over three hours on a typical day, there is a statistically significant association between area deprivation and television viewing: the more deprived an area a child lived in, the more likely they were to watch more hours of television. For example, in BC1 nearly two in ten (18%) of children from the most deprived areas watched television for over three hours compared with nearly one in ten (8%) of children from the least deprived areas. The corresponding figures for BC2 are 19% compared with 8%. There was no statistically significant difference in results between the cohorts.
Table 5.10 Time child spends watching television on an average week day by area deprivation (quintiles) and cohort
1 Most deprived | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 Least deprived | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
% | % | % | % | % | |
BC1 | |||||
None | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Up to 1 hour | 24 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 28 |
Between 1 and 2 hours | 33 | 33 | 35 | 34 | 42 |
Between 2 and 3 hours | 25 | 24 | 24 | 25 | 22 |
Over 3 hours | 18 | 13 | 12 | 10 | 8 |
BC2 | |||||
None | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
Up to 1 hour | 18 | 23 | 24 | 27 | 27 |
Between 1 and 2 hours | 33 | 34 | 37 | 39 | 42 |
Between 2 and 3 hours | 27 | 25 | 24 | 22 | 20 |
Over 3 hours | 19 | 16 | 14 | 10 | 8 |
Unweighted bases - BC1 | 793 | 669 | 832 | 848 | 882 |
Unweighted bases - BC2 | 926 | 926 | 1015 | 1052 | 1008 |
Tested on category 'Over 3 hours': differences by area deprivation p< .001; differences by cohort p=NS; cohort* equivalised household income p=NS.
5.3 Time child spent watching television during a typical weekend
Table 5.11 shows the amount of television that children aged three in Scotland watched during an average weekend. Children in BC2 spent significantly more time watching television during an average weekend than children in BC1. Looking at the proportion of children watching more than three hours during a typical weekend, 26% of BC1 children did this compared with 42% of children in BC2. This represents a notable and statistically significant increase in the amount of television viewing. This increase is evident amongst children from all socio-economic backgrounds. It is hard to draw any firm conclusions about what this increase in screen time might mean for later outcomes. Previous research on activity levels at age 6 using GUS data found that those children who had had higher levels of screen use when they were younger continued to have high levels of screen time at age 6. However, the impact on high levels of screen time on physical activity is less clear. Although children with high levels of screen time at age 6 were less likely to meet the recommended targets for 60 minutes a day of moderate to vigorous physical activity age 6, the majority of these children (83%) still met the target (Parkes et al., 2012).
Table 5.11 Time child spent watching television during a typical weekend by cohort
BC1 | BC2 | |
---|---|---|
None | 4 | 6 |
Up to 1 hour | 20 | 6 |
Between 1 and 2 hours | 26 | 20 |
Between 2 and 3 hours | 24 | 26 |
Over 3 hours | 26 | 42 |
Unweighted bases | 4021 | 4732 |
Tested on category 'Over 3 hours': differences by cohort p <.001
There is an association between the time a child spends watching television and household income (Table 5.12). Generally, children from lower income households were more likely to watch television for more than three hours over the weekend. For example, in BC1 around 30% of children in the lowest two income quintiles watched television for more than three hours compared with 21% of children from households in the highest income quintile. The pattern is slightly different in BC2 where household income was less related to television viewing. Whilst children in the lowest income group were more likely, and those in the highest income group were less likely, than those in any other group to have watched television for more than three hours, the children in the middle three groups were broadly similar. Whilst the pattern appears different, the social gradient remains and there was no statistically significant change in the nature of the relationship between income and television viewing between the cohorts.
Table 5.12 Time child spent watching television during a typical weekend by equivalised household income (quintile) and cohort
Lowest quintile | 2nd quintile | 3rd quintile | 4th quintile | Highest quintile | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
% | % | % | % | % | |
BC1 | |||||
None | 6 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 |
Up to 1 hour | 18 | 20 | 20 | 19 | 21 |
Between 1 and 2 hours | 23 | 25 | 26 | 29 | 29 |
Between 2 and 3 hours | 24 | 21 | 23 | 25 | 25 |
Over 3 hours | 29 | 30 | 28 | 23 | 21 |
BC2 | |||||
None | 7 | 7 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
Up to 1 hour | 6 | 7 | 6 | 7 | 6 |
Between 1 and 2 hours | 16 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 23 |
Between 2 and 3 hours | 23 | 26 | 25 | 26 | 29 |
Over 3 hours | 48 | 39 | 42 | 40 | 37 |
Unweighted bases - BC1 | 738 | 769 | 731 | 835 | 698 |
Unweighted bases - BC2 | 915 | 726 | 776 | 730 | 975 |
Tested on category 'Over 3 hours': differences by equivalised household income p< .001; differences by cohort p< .001; cohort* equivalised household income p=NS.
There was also an association between parental level of education and a child's television viewing over a typical weekend (Table 5.13). Children from households with more highly educated parents were less likely to watch television for over three hours than children whose parents had lower qualifications. In BC1, this relationship was linear: as the level of education increased the proportion of children watching television for longer hours decreased. 34% of children whose parents had no qualifications watched television for more than three hours compared with 23% of children whose parents were educated to degree level. Whilst in BC2 children with degree educated parents were still the group least likely to have watched television for three or more hours during a typical weekend, the broader linear pattern by level of education seen in BC1 is not as apparent. Nevertheless, there has been no statistically significant change in the nature of the relationship between parental level of education and television viewing over a typical weekend by cohort.
Table 5.13 Time child spent watching television during a typical weekend by parental level of education and cohort
No qualifications | Lower Standard Grades or VQs or Other | Upper level SGs or Intermediate VQs | Higher grades and upper level VQs | Degree level academic and vocational qualifications | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
% | % | % | % | % | |
BC1 | |||||
None | 4 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 4 |
Up to 1 hour | 17 | 24 | 18 | 20 | 20 |
Between 1 and 2 hours | 21 | 14 | 26 | 27 | 29 |
Between 2 and 3 hours | 24 | 28 | 24 | 23 | 24 |
Over 3 hours | 34 | 30 | 28 | 26 | 23 |
BC2 | |||||
None | 7 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 5 |
Up to 1 hour | 6 | 5 | 5 | 7 | 6 |
Between 1 and 2 hours | 16 | 15 | 16 | 19 | 23 |
Between 2 and 3 hours | 24 | 26 | 21 | 25 | 28 |
Over 3 hours | 46 | 47 | 50 | 41 | 38 |
Unweighted bases - BC1 | 185 | 200 | 757 | 1337 | 1536 |
Unweighted bases - BC2 | 155 | 200 | 666 | 1358 | 2185 |
Tested on category 'Over 3 hours': differences by education p< .001; differences by cohort p< .001; cohort* education p=NS.
Table 5.14 shows differences in duration of weekend television watching by maternal age. There was no statistically significant association between the mother's age at the birth of the child and the amount of television a child watched over the weekend in either cohort.
Table 5.14 Time child spent watching television during a typical weekend by maternal age at child's birth and cohort
Under 20 years old | 20 to 29 years old | 30 to 39 years old | 40 or older | |
---|---|---|---|---|
% | % | % | % | |
BC1 | ||||
None | 6 | 5 | 3 | 6 |
Up to 1 hour | 15 | 20 | 20 | 20 |
Between 1 and 2 hours | 24 | 24 | 28 | 22 |
Between 2 and 3 hours | 31 | 22 | 24 | 22 |
Over 3 hours | 25 | 28 | 25 | 30 |
BC2 | ||||
None | 5 | 8 | 5 | 4 |
Up to 1 hour | 6 | 6 | 7 | 3 |
Between 1 and 2 hours | 16 | 19 | 20 | 25 |
Between 2 and 3 hours | 23 | 26 | 25 | 27 |
Over 3 hours | 50 | 40 | 43 | 41 |
Unweighted bases - BC1 | 209 | 1495 | 2148 | 147 |
Unweighted bases - BC2 | 199 | 1849 | 2450 | 211 |
Tested on category 'Over 3 hours': differences by age NS; differences by cohort p< .001; cohort* education p=<01
Table 5.15 shows there was some association between area deprivation and the amount of time a child watched television. Children from the most deprived areas tended to watch more television than children from the least deprived areas. For example, in BC2, 43-48% of children living in areas in the three most deprived quintiles watched three or more hours of television in a typical weekend compared with around 35% of children living in the two least deprived quintiles. These differences across areas were statistically significant. The general increase between cohorts in the proportion of children watching three or more hours of television is evident amongst children from all areas, regardless of deprivation. As such, there was no statistically significant change in the nature or strength of the relationship between area deprivation and television viewing between the cohorts.
Table 5.15 Time child spent watching television during a typical weekend by area deprivation (quintiles) and cohort
1 Most deprived | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 Least deprived | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
% | % | % | % | % | |
BC1 | |||||
None | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
Up to 1 hour | 20 | 21 | 19 | 19 | 20 |
Between 1 and 2 hours | 22 | 24 | 25 | 28 | 31 |
Between 2 and 3 hours | 23 | 23 | 22 | 25 | 26 |
Over 3 hours | 30 | 26 | 30 | 24 | 20 |
BC2 | |||||
None | 7 | 7 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
Up to 1 hour | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 7 |
Between 1 and 2 hours | 17 | 17 | 19 | 22 | 24 |
Between 2 and 3 hours | 22 | 26 | 26 | 28 | 26 |
Over 3 hours | 48 | 44 | 43 | 35 | 36 |
Unweighted bases - BC1 | 793 | 667 | 831 | 848 | 882 |
Unweighted bases - BC2 | 886 | 881 | 973 | 993 | 969 |
Tested on category 'Over 3 hours': differences by area deprivation p< .001; differences by cohort p< .001; cohort* area deprivation p=NS.
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