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Publication - Statistics

Tobacco use among adolescents in Scotland: profile and trends

Published
2 February 2016
Topic
Health and social care
ISBN
9781785449901

The report presents analysis of trends and associations for smoking amongst 13 and 15 year old pupils between 1990 and 2013. Smoking is at its lowest level since the survey began.

View supporting documents Supporting documents

APPENDIX C - LOGISTIC REGRESSION

Table C.1 shows a selection of outputs from the logistic regression model of factors associated with regular smoking. The first two columns indicate the different predictor factors included in the model. All variables have been treated as categorical variables.

Significance values are shown in column 'Sig.' Significance was determined at p < 0.05. Beta indicates the direction of the effect compared to the first category (the reference category) in that variable - a positive value indicates that respondents in that category are more likely to regularly smoke than those in the first and vice versa.

Exp(B) gives the odds ratio, indicating the size of the effect. The further above 1 the value is, the greater the increase in likelihood of regularly smoking. The further below 1, the greater the decrease in likelihood of regularly smoking. A value of 1 means that a factor has no effect.

Table C.1: Logistic regression model of regularly smoking versus not regularly smoking among 15 year olds

Beta S.E of Beta Sig. Exp(B)
Gender of respondent Male
Female -0.29 0.14 0.03 0.75
SIMD quintiles 1 - most deprived quintile 0.61
2 0.15 0.15 0.33 1.16
3 -0.04 0.16 0.83 0.97
4 0.03 0.16 0.86 1.03
5 - least deprived quintile 0.16 0.16 0.32 1.18
Do you get free school meals, or vouchers for free school meals? Yes 0.02
No -0.38 0.14 0.01 0.69
Don't Know -0.26 0.21 0.21 0.77
Banded Strengths and Difficulties (SDQ) Score Normal 0.08
Borderline 0.15 0.13 0.23 1.17
Abnormal 0.42 0.13 0.00 1.52
Actively taken part in youth group(s) No
Yes 0.19 0.14 0.18 1.21
Actively taken part in drama, arts, music or singing group(s) No
Yes 0.04 0.16 0.79 1.04
Actively taken part in sports group(s) No
Yes -0.18 0.16 0.26 0.83
Actively taken part in computer group(s) No
Yes 0.15 0.28 0.60 1.16
Not actively taken part in any of these groups No
Yes 0.14 0.18 0.44 1.15
Don't know if actively taken part in any of these groups No
Yes -0.00 0.29 0.99 1.00
How often do you see your friends? At least weekly
Less than weekly -0.27 0.24 0.26 0.77
How often do you listen to music? At least weekly
Less than weekly -0.21 0.28 0.44 0.81
How often do you look around the shops? At least weekly
Less than weekly 0.21 0.12 0.05 1.24
How often do you read comics or magazines? At least weekly
Less than weekly 0.00 0.12 0.99 1.00
How often do you read books? At least weekly
Less than weekly -0.04 0.12 0.76 0.96
How often do you go to watch sport matches? At least weekly
Less than weekly -0.15 0.12 0.22 0.86
How often do you go to the cinema? At least weekly
Less than weekly 0.37 0.12 0.00 1.45
How often do you hang around the street? At least weekly
Less than weekly -1.00 0.11 0.00 0.37
How often do you do a hobby art or play a musical instrument? At least weekly
Less than weekly 0.06 0.11 0.59 1.06
How often do you go to a friend's house? At least weekly
Less than weekly -0.42 0.17 0.01 0.66
How often do you go to concerts or gigs? At least weekly
Less than weekly -0.51 0.16 0.00 0.60
How often do you go to the church, mosque or temple? At least weekly
Less than weekly -0.09 0.22 0.68 0.93
How often do you do nothing? At least weekly
Less than weekly 0.06 0.11 0.58 1.07
How often do you watch a films or DVD? At least weekly
Less than weekly -0.29 0.14 0.03 0.75
How often do you play computer games? At least weekly
Less than weekly 0.30 0.13 0.01 1.36
How often do you do a sport e.g. football? At least weekly
Less than weekly 0.63 0.13 0.00 1.87
How often do you help other people, do voluntary work? At least weekly
Less than weekly 0.30 0.16 0.06 1.35
How often do you go online and use social networking websites (e.g. Facebook, Twitter)? At least weekly
Less than weekly -0.45 0.24 0.06 0.64
How often do you go to a public library? At least weekly
Less than weekly 0.10 0.26 0.70 1.11
How often do you go to a museum or gallery? At least weekly
Less than weekly -0.03 0.34 0.93 0.97
How often do you go to theatres or concert halls? At least weekly
Less than weekly -0.12 0.28 0.68 0.89
Family status Single parent 0.00
Step parent (and one parent) 0.30 0.16 0.06 1.35
Both parents -0.18 0.12 0.14 0.85
Other 0.26 0.24 0.28 1.29
Paternal knowledge of activities - banded Below median 0.00
Median -0.81 0.20 0.00 0.44
Above median -0.32 0.13 0.03 0.73
Maternal knowledge of activities - banded Below median 0.03
Median -0.22 0.15 0.13 0.80
Above median -0.35 0.14 0.01 0.70
How well off would you say your family is? Very well off 0.27
Quite well off -0.11 0.16 0.49 0.90
Average -0.21 0.16 0.18 0.81
Not well off -0.52 0.25 0.04 0.60
Not at all well off -0.31 0.44 0.49 0.74
How many close friends would you say you have? None 0.21
One 0.06 0.40 0.88 1.06
Two or more -0.30 0.35 0.39 0.74
Are your friends older, younger or about the same age as you? Older than me 0.00
Younger than me -1.15 0.49 0.02 0.32
About the same age as me -0.85 0.19 0.00 0.43
Mixed ages -0.16 0.19 0.40 0.85
Don't know 0.73 0.70 0.30 2.07
Thinking about a typical a week, how many evenings do you spend out with friends 0-1 evenings 0.00
2-3 evenings 0.27 0.22 0.23 1.31
4-5 evenings 0.79 0.23 0.00 2.19
6-7 evenings 1.38 0.23 0.00 3.99
How much do you like school? I like it a lot 0.19
I like it a bit -0.10 0.18 0.58 0.91
I don't like it very much 0.16 0.19 0.42 1.17
I don't like it at all 0.09 0.21 0.68 1.09
How often do you feel strained or pressured by the school work you have to do? Never 0.11
Sometimes -0.16 0.18 0.37 0.85
A lot of the time 0.07 0.19 0.72 1.07
During this school year/In the past school year, how many times did you skip or skive school? None 0.00
1-3 times 0.66 0.13 0.00 1.94
4-10 times 1.09 0.14 0.00 2.97
More than 10 times 1.53 0.17 0.00 4.60
Ever been excluded since started secondary school? No
Yes 0.71 0.13 0.00 2.04
What do you think you are most likely to be doing when you leave school? University 0.00
FE college 0.38 0.13 0.00 1.46
Apprenticeship 0.86 0.18 0.00 2.36
Working 0.36 0.18 0.04 1.44
Other 0.30 0.16 0.06 1.35
Urban rural classification based on home postcode Large urban areas 0.17
Other urban areas 0.25 0.12 0.05 1.28
Small accessible towns 0.33 0.17 0.05 1.39
Small remote towns 0.20 0.23 0.38 1.22
Accessible rural 0.13 0.17 0.44 1.14
Remote rural 0.45 0.20 0.03 1.56
Overall WEMWBS score banded into three categories Below average mental wellbeing 0.43
Average mental wellbeing -0.13 0.13 0.31 0.88
Above average mental wellbeing -0.27 0.22 0.22 0.77
Constant -2.37 0.60 0.00 0.10

Table C.2 - Logistic regression model of regularly smoking versus not regularly smoking among 15 year old boys and girls separately

GIRLS BOYS
Beta S.E of Beta Sig. Exp(B) Beta S.E of Beta Sig. Exp(B)
SIMD quintiles 1 - most deprived quintile 0.69 0.31
2 0.06 0.21 0.78 1.06 0.24 0.24 0.33 1.27
3 -0.22 0.23 0.34 0.80 0.10 0.25 0.70 1.10
4 -0.10 0.22 0.64 0.90 0.13 0.26 0.60 1.14
5 - least deprived quintile -0.17 0.24 0.46 0.84 0.49 0.25 0.05 1.63
Do you get free school meals, or vouchers for free school meals? Yes 0.71 0.00
No 0.10 0.20 0.62 1.11 -0.81 0.21 0.00 0.45
Don't Know 0.25 0.30 0.41 1.28 -0.83 0.31 0.01 0.44
Banded Strengths and Difficulties (SDQ) Score Normal 0.00 0.48
Borderline 0.29 0.18 0.11 1.34 0.24 0.20 0.23 1.28
Abnormal 0.74 0.19 0.00 2.09 0.13 0.22 0.54 1.14
Actively taken part in youth group(s) No
Yes 0.14 0.21 0.50 1.15 0.25 0.21 0.24 1.28
Actively taken part in drama, arts, music or singing group(s) No
Yes 0.25 0.20 0.21 1.29 -0.12 0.27 0.66 0.89
Actively taken part in sports group(s) No
Yes -0.12 0.23 0.60 0.89 -0.15 0.25 0.55 0.86
Actively taken part in computer group(s) No
Yes 0.59 0.52 0.25 1.81 0.05 0.35 0.89 1.05
Not actively taken part in any of these groups No
Yes 0.35 0.25 0.16 1.42 -0.02 0.29 0.96 0.98
Don't know if actively taken part in any of these groups No
Yes 0.15 0.41 0.71 1.17 -0.10 0.46 0.82 0.90
How often do you see your friends? At least weekly
Less than weekly -0.29 0.32 0.37 0.75 -0.25 0.41 0.55 0.78
How often do you listen to music? At least weekly
Less than weekly 0.23 0.42 0.59 1.26 -0.22 0.40 0.58 0.80
How often do you look around the shops? At least weekly
Less than weekly 0.55 0.15 0.00 1.74 -0.06 0.17 0.73 0.94
How often do you read comics or magazines? At least weekly
Less than weekly -0.01 0.17 0.93 0.99 -0.03 0.20 0.88 0.97
How often do you read books? At least weekly
Less than weekly 0.18 0.17 0.27 1.20 -0.38 0.19 0.05 0.69
How often do you go to watch sport matches? At least weekly
Less than weekly -0.19 0.21 0.36 0.83 -0.07 0.17 0.71 0.94
How often do you go to the cinema? At least weekly
Less than weekly 0.37 0.18 0.04 1.45 0.45 0.18 0.01 1.57
How often do you hang around the street? At least weekly
Less than weekly -0.81 0.15 0.00 0.45 -1.17 0.18 0.00 0.31
How often do you do a hobby art or play a musical instrument? At least weekly
Less than weekly 0.25 0.16 0.11 1.29 -0.14 0.16 0.38 0.87
How often do you go to a friend's house? At least weekly
Less than weekly -0.01 0.23 0.95 0.99 -0.87 0.26 0.00 0.42
How often do you go to concerts or gigs? At least weekly
Less than weekly -0.78 0.22 0.00 0.46 -0.24 0.24 0.31 0.78
How often do you go to the church, mosque or temple? At least weekly
Less than weekly 0.14 0.32 0.66 1.15 -0.18 0.30 0.56 0.84
How often do you do nothing? At least weekly
Less than weekly 0.05 0.15 0.77 1.05 0.32 0.19 0.08 1.38
How often do you watch films or DVDs? At least weekly
Less than weekly -0.17 0.18 0.35 0.84 -0.51 0.22 0.02 0.60
How often do you play computer games? At least weekly
Less than weekly 0.02 0.15 0.89 1.02 0.62 0.20 0.00 1.87
How often do you do a sport e.g. football? At least weekly
Less than weekly 0.48 0.18 0.01 1.62 0.91 0.20 0.00 2.49
How often do you help other people, do voluntary work? At least weekly
Less than weekly 0.40 0.22 0.07 1.49 0.19 0.25 0.44 1.21
How often do you go online and use social networking websites (e.g. Facebook, Twitter)? At least weekly
Less than weekly 0.08 0.36 0.83 1.08 -0.68 0.35 0.05 0.51
How often do you go to a public library? At least weekly
Less than weekly -0.19 0.42 0.66 0.83 0.57 0.38 0.13 1.76
How often do you go to a museum or gallery? At least weekly
Less than weekly 1.05 0.80 0.18 2.87 0.23 0.48 0.63 1.26
How often do you go to theatres or concert halls? At least weekly
Less than weekly 1.35 0.53 0.01 3.84 -1.24 0.42 0.00 0.29
Family status Single parent 0.03 0.15
Step parent (and one parent) 0.18 0.21 0.39 1.20 0.42 0.26 0.10 1.52
Both parents -0.32 0.17 0.06 0.73 -0.01 0.19 0.96 0.99
Other 0.17 0.33 0.60 1.19 0.51 0.36 0.16 1.66
Paternal knowledge of activities - banded Below median 0.00 0.01
Median -0.77 0.30 0.01 0.46 -0.89 0.29 0.00 0.41
Above median -0.47 0.19 0.01 0.63 -0.21 0.20 0.30 0.81
Maternal knowledge of activities - banded Below median 0.08 0.15
Median -0.32 0.21 0.12 0.72 -0.16 0.23 0.47 0.85
Above median -0.38 0.19 0.04 0.68 -0.42 0.22 0.05 0.65
How well off would you say your family is? Very well off 0.02 0.67
Quite well off -0.48 0.23 0.04 0.62 0.14 0.24 0.57 1.14
Average -0.44 0.22 0.05 0.64 -0.09 0.23 0.69 0.91
Not well off -1.08 0.34 0.00 0.34 0.19 0.38 0.62 1.21
Not at all well off -1.26 0.66 0.06 0.28 0.31 0.69 0.66 1.36
How many close friends would you say you have? None 0.30 0.70
One 0.61 0.57 0.29 1.83 -0.19 0.67 0.78 0.83
Two or more 0.18 0.51 0.73 1.20 -0.39 0.54 0.48 0.68
Are your friends older, younger or about the same age as you? Older than me 0.00 0.00
Younger than me -0.81 0.78 0.29 0.44 -1.47 0.67 0.03 0.23
About the same age as me -0.88 0.26 0.00 0.41 -0.72 0.31 0.02 0.49
Mixed ages -0.18 0.26 0.48 0.84 -0.04 0.31 0.90 0.96
Don't know -18.03 13998.2 1.00 0.00 0.67 0.91 0.46 1.95
Thinking about a typical a week, how many evenings do you spend out with friends 0-1 evenings 0.00 0.00
2-3 evenings 0.83 0.30 0.01 2.29 -0.22 0.38 0.57 0.81
4-5 evenings 0.88 0.32 0.01 2.41 0.91 0.37 0.01 2.49
6-7 evenings 1.82 0.33 0.00 6.15 1.29 0.37 0.00 3.63
How much do you like school? I like it a lot 0.68 0.04
I like it a bit -0.31 0.28 0.28 0.74 -0.31 0.28 0.97 0.74
I don't like it very much -0.25 0.30 0.41 0.78 -0.25 0.30 0.08 0.78
I don't like it at all -0.36 0.32 0.26 0.70 -0.36 0.32 0.12 0.70
How often do you feel strained or pressured by the school work you have to do? Never 0.92 0.00
Sometimes 0.08 0.34 0.82 1.08 0.08 0.34 0.20 1.08
A lot of the time 0.02 0.34 0.95 1.02 0.02 0.34 0.29 1.02
During this school year/In the past school year, how many times did you skip or skive school? None 0.00 0.00
1-3 times 0.77 0.17 0.00 2.17 0.77 0.17 0.00 2.17
4-10 times 1.39 0.19 0.00 4.02 1.39 0.19 0.00 4.02
More than 10 times 1.46 0.24 0.00 4.32 1.46 0.24 0.00 4.32
Ever been excluded since started secondary school? No
Yes 0.64 0.20 0.00 1.89 0.64 0.20 0.00 1.89
What do you think you are most likely to be doing when you leave school? University 0.04 0.01
FE college 0.48 0.16 0.00 1.62 0.48 0.16 0.13 1.62
Apprenticeship 0.75 0.40 0.06 2.12 0.75 0.40 0.00 2.12
Working 0.26 0.28 0.34 1.30 0.26 0.28 0.07 1.30
Other 0.27 0.23 0.23 1.32 0.27 0.23 0.19 1.32
Urban rural classification based on home postcode Large urban areas 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.32
Other urban areas 0.55 0.18 0.00 1.73 0.15 0.19 0.94 1.02
Small accessible towns 0.68 0.23 0.00 1.97 0.00 0.26 0.99 1.01
Small remote towns 0.75 0.30 0.01 2.11 -0.49 0.39 0.21 0.61
Accessible rural 0.53 0.24 0.03 1.70 -0.26 0.25 0.30 0.77
Remote rural 0.52 0.30 0.08 1.68 0.41 0.31 0.18 1.51
Overall WEMWBS score banded into three categories Below average mental wellbeing 0.00 0.00 0.60 0.00 0.67
Average mental wellbeing -0.11 0.16 0.50 0.90 -0.11 0.23 0.63 0.89
Above average mental wellbeing -0.38 0.41 0.35 0.68 -0.27 0.31 0.38 0.76
Constant -6.17 1.25 0.00 0.00 -1.85 0.89 0.04 0.16

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