Scotland's marine economic statistics 2016

2. Marine Economy Overview

2.1 Introduction

This report presents a time series of GVA, turnover and employment for industrial categories defined as part of the marine sector. The data is provided for 2008 to 2016.

Oil and gas extraction is not included in these figures, although support services for oil and gas are included. This broadly aligns the figures with those provided by the onshore values in the National Accounts for Scotland.

The categories included in this analysis are detailed in Annex A. Summary data tables are included in the commentary, while more detailed supporting data tables are contained in the Tables Section on page 52.

2.2 Marine Economic Key Points

In 2016 the Scottish marine economy generated £3.8 billion GVA: accounting for 2.9 % of the overall Scottish economy. In terms of employment, the Scottish marine economy provided employment for a headcount of 75,300 people, contributing 2.9 % of the total Scottish employment.

The oil and gas services sector is the biggest contributor to the marine economy in terms of turnover and GVA. However, marine tourism employs for the most number of people in all the sectors. Oil and gas services provide 55 % of the marine economy GVA and 26 % of the employment while marine tourism provides 10 % of the GVA and 37 % of the employment (see Table 2 and Figure 1).

This indicates there are considerable variations in labour productivity (GVA per worker) across the marine economy, with freight water transport producing the highest GVA per worker in 2016 (£130,000), and marine tourism producing the lowest at just under £20,000.

Table 2 : Marine economic sectors – GVA, turnover, employment and GVA per head, 2016

Description	GVA £M	Turnover £M	Employment Headcount 000’s	GVA Per Head £
Fishing*	296	571	4.8	61,344
Aquaculture*	216	797	2.3	94,850
Support for oil & gas	1,631	4,483	19.7	82,802
Processing	391	1,602	7.6	51,395
Ship building	202	1,001	7.0	28,829
Construction and water transport services	422	672	4.0	105,600
Passenger water transport	63	168	1.4	45,286
Freight water transport	65	178	0.5	130,400
Renting and leasing of water transport equipment	8	14	0.1	82,000
Marine Tourism	554	1,031	27.9	19,864
Total	3,849	10,517	75.3	51,114

* Fishing and aquaculture figures were not sourced from SABS statistics.

Figure 1 : Scotland’s marine economy - distribution of GVA, turnover and employment across sectors, 2016

Sectors ranked in order of GVA contribution

Sea and coastal freight and passenger transport and Renting and leasing of water transport equipment have been combined to make the chart more readable.

2.3 Marine Economy Trends

Between 2015 to 2016 the marine sector GVA fell by 20% from £4.83 billion to £3.85 billion. Employment fell by 5%.

Table 3: Marine sector - GVA, turnover and employment, 2008 to 2016 (2016 prices)

Year	GVA £M	Turnover £M	Employment Headcount 000's	GVA Per Worker £
2008*	5,225	11,992	67.9	76,989
2009*	5,088	13,340	70.6	72,101
2010*	5,063	12,370	68.5	73,872
2011	4,599	12,322	69.9	65,789
2012	4,915	12,733	69.5	70,669
2013	4,901	13,253	73.9	66,359
2014	4,967	13,931	75.0	66,199
2015	4,830	13,524	79.1	61,059
2016	3,849	10,517	75.3	51,114

The longer term trend shows that between 2008 and 2016 the marine economy GVA (adjusted to 2016 prices) fell by 26% while employment increased by 11% (over 7,000 workers). This has had the effect of reducing the GVA per person from £77,000 to £51,000. The individual sectors driving these trends will be explored in subsequent chapters.

Figure 2: Marine sector - GVA and employment, 2008 to 2016 (2016 prices)

The detailed breakdown of the marine economy by industry is shown in Table 19 on page 52.

2.4 Marine Economy by geography

The values presented at local authority level are mostly based on SABS data. Marine Scotland specific analysis was used to estimate the geographic breakdowns for fishing and aquaculture sectors. The methodology for substituting the Marine Scotland fishing and aquaculture values is detailed in Annex B. Most marine economic totals can be provided by local authority, though some become disclosive at this level and are aggregated into the ‘unallocated’ category.

Table 4 : Marine sector - GVA, turnover and employment (headcount), by local authority, 2016

				% of Scotland's marine economy
	GVA £M	Turnover £M	Employment 000's	GVA £M	Turnover £M	Employment 000's
Aberdeen City	1,591	3,869	18.30	41%	37%	24%
Aberdeenshire	706	2,055	10.89	18%	20%	14%
Angus	64	106	0.91	2%	1%	1%
Argyll & Bute	147	369	5.36	4%	4%	7%
Clackmannanshire	0	2	0.00	0%	0%	0%
Dumfries & Galloway	107	285	2.64	3%	3%	3%
Dundee City	12	23	0.40	0%	0%	1%
East Ayrshire	*	*	*	0%	0%	0%
East Dunbartonshire	*	*	*	0%	0%	0%
East Lothian	25	52	1.21	1%	0%	2%
East Renfrewshire	1	2	0.00	0%	0%	0%
Edinburgh, City Of	43	114	1.50	1%	1%	2%
Falkirk	*	*	0.70	0%	0%	1%
Fife	137	524	4.71	4%	5%	6%
Glasgow, City Of	-6	*	3.60	0%	0%	5%
Highland	263	693	8.83	7%	7%	12%
Inverclyde	87	148	1.50	2%	1%	2%
Midlothian	*	*	*	0%	0%	0%
Moray	26	68	0.93	1%	1%	1%
Na H-Eileanan Siar	38	147	1.43	1%	1%	2%
North Ayrshire	50	105	1.80	1%	1%	2%
North Lanarkshire	13	34	0.20	0%	0%	0%
Orkney Islands	66	196	1.34	2%	2%	2%
Perth & Kinross	8	24	0.40	0%	0%	1%
Renfrewshire	31	56	1.60	1%	1%	2%
Scottish Borders	34	1	1.11	1%	0%	1%
Shetland Islands	194	447	2.63	5%	4%	3%
South Ayrshire	35	64	1.12	1%	1%	1%
South Lanarkshire	9	*	*	0%	0%	0%
Stirling	18	32	0.60	0%	0%	1%
West Dunbartonshire	5	11	0.20	0%	0%	0%
West Lothian	2	6	0.10	0%	0%	0%
Unallocated	144	1,085	1.28	4%	10%	2%
Scotland	3,849	10,517	75	100%	100%	100%

* = disclosive data

Figure 3: Marine sector – distribution of employment and GVA by local authority, 2016

Scottish Government (Marine Scotland) 2018
Contains National Statistics data ©
Crown copyright and database right

Aberdeen City accounted for 41% of the marine economy GVA for 2016, with Aberdeenshire the next highest with 18%. The City of Glasgow reported a negative GVA for 2016. This is likely to be due to the spasmodic nature of ship building and maintenance, and reflects the dominance of the industry in Glasgow’s marine sector. This is discussed in more detail in the section on Shipbuilding.

Employment was more evenly spread across Scotland, with Aberdeen City and Aberdeenshire contributing 24% and 14% respectively.