Analysis of Ethnicity in the 2001 Census - Summary Report

Analysis of Ethnicity in the 2001 Census - Summary Report

2. HOUSING

Accommodation type

Table 2.1: Type of housing by ethnic group - All People in Households in Unshared Accommodation
Percentages

Ethnic Group	House or Bungalow	Flat, Maisonette or Apartment	Base
White Scottish	72	28	4,393,050
Other White British	74	26	360,739
White Irish	60	39	47,826
Other White	56	44	73,276
Indian	62	38	14,628
Pakistani	55	44	31,611
Bangladeshi	49	51	1,948
Other South Asian	50	50	5,933
Chinese	61	39	15,275
Caribbean	55	44	1,689
African	38	62	4,791
Black Scottish or Other Black	49	51	1,101
Any Mixed Background	56	43	12,366
Other ethnic group	49	51	9,033
All People in Households in Unshared Accommodation	71	29	4,973,266

Notes: The above table provides data on households living in unshared accommodation only. The row percentages may not sum to 100 as a small percentage of people responded that they lived in a caravan or other mobile/temporary structure.

• 71% of all people live in houses or bungalows. 29% live in flats or maisonettes.
• Only 38% of Africans and less than 50% of people from Bangladeshi, Black Scottish or Other Black, and Other ethnic groups live in houses or bungalows.

Tenure type

Table 2.2: Tenure by ethnic group by age - All People in Households, aged 16 years and over
Percentages

	All People	White Scottish	Other White British	White Irish	Other White	Indian	Pakistani	Bangladeshi	Other South Asian	Chinese	Caribbean	African	Black Scottish or Other Black	Mixed	Other
16-29 years
Owned	59.5	61.5	47.4	45.8	34.5	58.5	72.6	56.6	44.1	56.1	39.8	26.5	38.9	45.0	30.1
Rented / Living rent free	40.5	38.5	52.6	54.2	65.5	41.5	27.4	43.4	55.9	43.9	60.2	73.5	61.1	55.0	69.9
30-49 years
Owned	71.1	71.0	74.3	75.2	62.7	74.0	75.5	52.5	51.8	75.3	63.0	37.3	55.0	60.0	50.5
Rented / Living rent free	28.9	29.0	25.7	24.8	37.3	26.0	24.5	47.5	48.2	24.7	37.0	62.7	45.0	40.0	49.5
50-pensionable age
Owned	73.6	72.6	82.6	70.1	76.3	88.1	78.8	73.8	73.8	84.9	77.0	71.1	53.2	61.4	71.5
Rented / Living rent free	26.4	27.4	17.4	29.9	23.7	11.9	21.2	26.2	26.2	15.1	23.0	28.9	46.8	38.6	28.5
Pensionable age-74 years
Owned	67.3	66.2	80.2	62.7	76.5	83.0	77.6	69.5	55.0	66.0	69.4	55.9	48.4	53.0	66.5
Rented / Living rent free	32.7	33.8	19.8	37.3	23.5	17.0	22.4	30.5	45.0	34.0	30.6	44.1	51.6	47.0	33.5
75 years +
Owned	55.3	53.9	69.5	51.5	66.3	72.9	72.1	64.3	45.0	47.5	54.1	61.9	38.6	47.7	43.9
Rented / Living rent free	44.7	46.1	30.5	48.5	33.7	27.1	27.9	35.7	55.0	52.5	45.9	38.1	61.4	52.3	56.1
All Ages (16+)
Owned	67.3	67.2	71.1	63.7	56.9	70.6	74.7	57.3	51.7	68.2	58.5	36.9	48.0	52.2	46.2
Rented / Living rent free	32.7	32.8	28.9	36.3	43.1	29.4	25.3	42.7	48.3	31.8	41.5	63.1	52.0	47.8	53.8
Base	4,007,466	3,506,928	323,596	45,143	62,359	11,204	21,153	1,341	4,244	11,893	1,388	3,607	769	6,785	7,056

Notes: It is possible that form-fillers on housing benefit may have ticked 'living rent free' in response to the Census question on 'owns/rents' - thus the rented and living rent free categories are combined.

• 67% of people in Scotland aged 16 years and above live in homes which are owned either outright or with a loan or mortgage. This rate rises to over 70% for people who are Pakistani, Other White British or Indian.
• The proportion of Pakistanis and Indians who live in owned homes is higher than the overall Scottish figure for all age groups, with the exception of Indians aged 16-29 years.
• The percentage of African and Black Scottish people aged 16 years and above who live in homes which are owned is less than 50%. There is however considerable variation in proportions between the different age groups. Only 26.5% of 16-29 year old Africans and 39.8% of 16-29 year old Caribbeans live in owned homes; this compares with an overall Scottish figure of 59.5%. The African group also has the lowest proportion of 30-49 year olds in owned homes (37.3%). However the proportion of Africans aged 75 and over who own their homes is much higher than the Scottish figure (61.9% versus 55.3%) and the rate for Caribbeans of this age is very similar to the Scottish figure (54.1% versus 55.3%).

Given the differences in ownership rates between different ethnic groups, there are obviously differences in the proportion of each group who live in rented accommodation. Taking all ages together, Africans, Other Ethnic group, and Black Scottish/Other Black are the groups who have the highest proportion of people living in rented accommodation ⁷. As well as the overall differences in the proportions who rent, there are considerable differences between ethnic groups in the proportion who rent from the social sector and those who rent privately.

Rented Accommodation

Table 2.3: Rented accommodation by ethnic group - All People in Rented Accommodation
Percentages

Ethnic Group	Social Rented Accommodation	Private Rented Accommodation	Base
All White groups	78	22	1,638,203
All minority ethnic groups	48	52	35,700
All People in Rented Accommodation	78	22	1,673,903

• Minority ethnic people are much less likely than White people to be renting in the public sector (Council, Scottish Homes, and Housing Associations).
• 78% of White people rent their homes in the public sector compared to 48% of all minority ethnic people.

Note: Social Rented accommodation includes those homes that are rented from the Council (or Scottish Homes), RSL and Housing Associations. Private Rented accommodation includes those homes that are rented from a private landlord or letting agency, employer of a household member, relatives or friends, and any others.

• Of those renting accommodation, 82% of White Scottish people rent from the public sector compared with only 30% of Indians and 31% of Other White people.

Table 2.4 (below) provides a further breakdown of rented accommodation by social rented and private rented. There are large differences across the ethnic groups in relation to the types of rented accommodation.

• Only 20% of Indians rent their accommodation from the Council or Scottish Homes. This compares with 67% of White Scottish people.
• Consequently, there are differences in the proportions renting from private landlords or letting agencies: 56% of Indians rent privately compared to only 12% of White Scottish people.
• Only a very small number of people rent their accommodation from relatives or friends; Pakistani (8%) and Chinese (8%) have the highest percentage renting from relatives or friends.

Table 2.4: Rented Accommodation by ethnic group - All People in Rented Accommodation
Percentages

	Social rented: Rented from council (or Scottish Homes)	Social rented: Rented RSL or Housing Association	Private rented: Private landlord or letting agency	Private rented: Employer of a household member	Private rented: Relative or friend of a household member	Private rented: Other	Base
White Scottish	67	16	12	2	2	1	1,482,076
Other White British	32	11	41	7	5	5	107,358
White Irish	49	14	30	2	3	3	17,134
Other White	23	8	57	4	4	5	31,635
Indian	20	10	56	5	4	5	4,187
Pakistani	32	19	38	1	8	2	8,331
Bangladeshi	47	5	34	2	5	6	847
Other South Asian	41	14	32	2	3	7	2,910
Chinese	28	13	38	3	8	8	4,513
Caribbean	43	13	35	2	2	4	722
African	39	15	36	2	2	5	3,077
Black Scottish or Other Black	52	18	24	2	2	2	595
Any Mixed Background	45	16	32	2	4	3	5,549
Other ethnic group	27	9	48	4	3	9	4,969
All People in Rented Accommodation	63	15	16	2	3	1	1,673,903

Notes: RSL is an abbreviation for Registered Social Landlords.

Communal Establishments

Table 2.5: People living in communal establishments by ethnic group - All People
Percentages

	Percentage of all people living in medical and care establishments	Percentage of all people living in other types of communal establishments 8	Percentage of all people living in communal establishments	Base
White Scottish	1.0	0.5	1.4	4,459,071
Other White British	0.7	2.6	3.4	373,685
White Irish	1.2	1.9	3.1	49,428
Other White	1.0	4.9	5.9	78,150
Indian	0.4	2.1	2.5	15,037
Pakistani	0.1	0.4	0.5	31,793
Bangladeshi	0.3	1.3	1.6	1,981
Other South Asian	0.4	3.4	3.8	6,196
Chinese	0.3	5.8	6.1	16,310
Caribbean	0.8	3.9	4.7	1,778
African	0.5	5.5	6.0	5,118
Black Scottish or Other Black	0.2	2.2	2.4	1,129
Any Mixed Background	0.2	2.8	3.0	12,764
Other ethnic group	0.5	4.5	5.0	9,571
All People	0.9	0.8	1.7	5,062,011

• The Chinese, African and Other White groups have the highest percentage of people living in communal establishments: 6.1%, 6.0% and 5.9%. This compares with 0.5% of Pakistanis and 1.4% of White Scottish people who live in communal establishments.
• The White Irish, White Scottish and Other White groups have the highest percentage of people living in medical and care establishments with 1.2%, 1.0% and 1.0% respectively.
• 5.8% of Chinese people are living in non-medical communal establishments.

Occupancy rating

The occupancy rating as calculated by GROS relates the actual number of rooms in a household to the number required by that household based on the ages of the household members and the relationship between them. A positive occupancy rating (i.e. 1 or 2+ or more) indicates that there are more rooms than are 'required' by that household. A rating of zero indicates the actual number of rooms to be the same as the number required and a negative rating (-1 or less) indicates less rooms than are 'required'. Chart 2.2 shows the percentage of households from each ethnic group within each occupancy rating band.

• Pakistani and Bangladeshi households have the highest incidence of households living below the occupancy rating standard (31%). The African group has the second highest proportion (30%).
• The Other White British group has the lowest proportion of households living below that occupancy rating standard (7%).

Central Heating

Chart 2.3 shows the percentage of households from each ethnic group who have central heating. The Census describes a household as 'with central heating' if it has central heating in some or all rooms whether used or not.

• There are variations across the different ethnic groups in relation to the proportions of households with central heating. The Bangladeshi group has the lowest percentage of households with central heating (84%). This is followed by Other South Asian, African and Pakistani households - only 89% of households in each of these groups have central heating.