Cleaner Air for Scotland 2: environmental report

Footnotes

1 Scottish Government (2015) Cleaner Air for Scotland: the road to a healthier future. Available at: https://www.gov.scot/publications/cleaner-air-scotland-road-healthier-future/ (accessed 12/12/19)

2 Scottish Government (2015) Cleaner Air for Scotland: the road to a healthier future. Available at: https://www.gov.scot/publications/cleaner-air-scotland-road-healthier-future/ (accessed 12/12/19)

3 Scottish Government (2019) Cleaner Air for Scotland Strategy: independent review. Available at: https://www.gov.scot/publications/cleaner-air-scotland-strategy-independent-review/ (accessed 25/10/19)

4 Scottish Environmental Protection Authority (undated) Local Air Quality Management. Available at: http://www.scottishairquality.scot/laqm/ (accessed 28/01/2020)

5 Scottish Government (2019) Transport (Scotland) Act. Available at: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/asp/2019/17/contents/enacted (accessed 10/08/2020)

6 Scottish Government (2019) Cleaner Air for Scotland Strategy: independent review. Available at: https://www.gov.scot/publications/cleaner-air-scotland-strategy-independent-review/ (accessed 25/10/19)

7 European Commission (2008) Directive 2008/50/EC on ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe. Available at: http://data.europa.eu/eli/dir/2008/50/oj (accessed 12/03/20)

8 European Commission (2004) Directive 2004/107/EC relating to arsenic, cadmium, mercury, nickel and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ambient air ('the 4th air quality Daughter Directive'). Available at: http://data.europa.eu/eli/dir/2004/107/oj (accessed 12/03/20)

9 European Commission (2016) Directive (EU) 2016/2284 on the reduction of national emissions of certain atmospheric pollutants National Emissions Ceilings Directive or NECD. Available at: http://data.europa.eu/eli/dir/2016/2284/oj (accessed 12/03/20)

10 Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs (2019), Air Quality: National Air Pollution Control Programme, Available at: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/791025/air-quality-napcp-march2019.pdf (accessed 11/03/2020)

11 HM Government (1995) Environment Act 1995. Available at: http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1995/25/contents (accessed 12/03/20)

12 Scottish Government (2012) Pollution Prevention and Control (Scotland) Regulations 2012 (as amended). Available at: http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ssi/2012/360/contents/made (accessed 12/03/20)

13 HM Government (1993) Clean Air Act 1993. Available at: http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1993/11/contents (accessed 12/03/20)

14 Scottish Government (2019) Cleaner Air for Scotland Strategy: independent review. Available at: https://www.gov.scot/publications/cleaner-air-scotland-strategy-independent-review/ (accessed 12/02/20)

15 HM Government, Scottish Government, Welsh Assembly Government and Norther Ireland Government (2011) The Air Quality Strategy for England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, Defra and the Devolved Administrations. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/the-air-quality-strategy-for-england-scotland-wales-and-northern-ireland-volume-1 (accessed 12/03/20)

16 Scottish Government (2019) Cleaner Air for Scotland Strategy: independent review. Available at: https://www.gov.scot/publications/cleaner-air-scotland-strategy-independent-review/ (accessed 12/02/20)

17 CCC (2018) Biomass in a low-carbon economy. Available at: https://www.theccc.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Biomass-in-a-low-carbon-economy-CCC-2018.pdf (accessed 10/08/20)

18 JNCC (2020) The Nitrogen Futures Project [online]. Available at: https://jncc.gov.uk/our-work/nitrogen-futures/ (accessed 06/04/20)

19 Ricardo (2020) Scottish Air Quality website: COVID-19 lockdown - Time Variance analysis of air quality in Scotland. Available at: http://www.scottishairquality.scot/assets/documents/news/COVID19%20lockdown%20-%20Time%20Variance%20analysis%20of%20air%20quality%20in%20Scotland%20-%2027-05-2020.html

20 Transform Scotland (2020) Active Recovery: locking-in the active travel benefits. Available at: https://transformscotland.org.uk/wp/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Transform-Scotland-Active-Recovery-2020-06-11.pdf

21 The European Nitrogen Assessment (2011) Mark A. Sutton, Clare M. Howard, Jan Willem Erisman, Gilles Billen, Albert Bleeker, Peringe Grennfelt, Hans van Grinsven and Bruna Grizzetti. Available at: http://www.nine-esf.org/files/ena_doc/ENA_pdfs/ENA_c21.pdf (accessed 10/08/20)

22 themes 1, 2, 3, 5, 6 and 8

23 Scottish Government, NHS, Improvement Service, Architecture and Design Scotland, Glasgow City Council (2020) Place Standard Strategic Plan 2020 – 2023. Available at: https://www.placestandard.scot/docs/Place_Standard_Strategic_Plan.pdf (accessed 14/08/20)

24 Scottish Government (2020) National Transport Strategy 2. Available at: https://www.transport.gov.scot/our-approach/national-transport-strategy/ (accessed 10/08/20)

25 National Atmospheric Emissions Inventory (2019) Air Pollutant Inventories for England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland: 1990 – 2017. Available at: https://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/assets/documents/reports/cat09/1910031755_DA_Air_Pollutant_Inventories_1990-2017_Issue_1.1.pdf (accessed 11/03/2020)

26 DEFRA (2018) Consultation on the cleaner domestic burning of solid fuels and wood [online]. Available at:

https://consult.defra.gov.uk/airquality/domestic-solid-fuel-regulations/ (accessed 11/02/2020)

27 ibid

28 Scottish Government (2019) Cleaner Air for Scotland Strategy – An Independent Review – Final report to the Scottish Government Annex 6. Available at: https://www.gov.scot/binaries/content/documents/govscot/publications/independent-report/2019/08/cleaner-air-scotland-strategy-independent-review/documents/cleaner-air-scotland-strategy-review-report-annexes/cleaner-air-scotland-strategy-review-report-annexes/govscot%3Adocument/cleaner-air-scotland-strategy-review-report-annexes.pdf (accessed 06/02/2020)

29 DEFRA (2017) Airborne particles from wood burning in UK cities (King’s College London and National Physical Laboratory). Available at: https://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/library/reports?report_id=953 (accessed 12/03/20)

30 Scottish Government (2019) Cleaner Air for Scotland Strategy – An Independent Review – Final report to the Scottish Government. Available at: https://www.gov.scot/publications/cleaner-air-scotland-strategy-independent-review/pages/2/ (accessed 06/02/2020)

31 National Atmospheric Emissions Inventory (2019) Air Pollutant Inventories for England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland: 1990-2017. Available at https://naei.beis.gov.uk/reports/reports?report_id=996 (accessed 28/10/19)

32 Ricardo (2020) Scottish Air Quality website: COVID-19 lockdown - Time Variance analysis of air quality in Scotland. Available at: http://www.scottishairquality.scot/assets/documents/news/COVID19%20lockdown%20-%20Time%20Variance%20analysis%20of%20air%20quality%20in%20Scotland%20-%2027-05-2020.html

33 National Records of Scotland (2019) Mid-2018 population estimates Scotland. Available at: https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/statistics-and-data/statistics/statistics-by-theme/population/population-estimates/mid-year-population-estimates/mid-2018 (accessed 30/09/19)

34 Scottish Government (2016) The Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation [online]. Available at: https://www2.gov.scot/Topics/Statistics/SIMD (accessed 30/09/19)

35 Scottish Government (2019) Cleaner Air for Scotland Strategy – An Independent Review – Final report to the Scottish Government. Available at: https://www.gov.scot/publications/cleaner-air-scotland-strategy-independent-review/pages/2/ (accessed 06/02/2020)

36 Health Protection Scotland (2014) Air Quality (PM_2.5 particulate air pollution) and Mortality in Scotland: Briefing paper. Available at: https://hpspubsrepo.blob.core.windows.net/hps-website/nss/1745/documents/1_air-quality-and-mortality-2014-04.pdf (accessed 03/10/19)

37 Health Protection Scotland (2018) Air Pollution & Health Briefing Note Mortality associated with exposure to fine particulate matter (PM_2.5 attributable mortality) in Scotland. Available at: https://www.hps.scot.nhs.uk/web-resources-container/air-pollution-and-health-briefing-note-mortality-associated-with-exposure-to-fine-particulate-matter-pm25-attributable-mortality-in-scotland/ (accessed 28/10/19)

38 WHO (2017) Preventing noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) by reducing environmental risk factors. Available at: https://www.who.int/quantifying_ehimpacts/publications/preventing-ncds/en/ (accessed 12/03/20)

39 WHO (2010) Guidelines for indoor air quality. Chemical indoor air pollutants: selected pollutants. Available at: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/260127 (accessed 12/03/20)

40 Scottish Government (2019) Cleaner Air for Scotland Strategy – An Independent Review – Final report to the Scottish Government. Available at: https://www.gov.scot/publications/cleaner-air-scotland-strategy-independent-review/pages/2/ (accessed 06/02/2020)

41 Scotland’s Environment Web (2017) Air quality [online]. Available at: https://www.environment.gov.scot/our-environment/air/air-quality/ (accessed 30/09/19)

42 Transport Scotland (2018) Scottish Transport Statistics No 37 2018 Edition. Available at: https://www.transport.gov.scot/publication/scottish-transport-statistics-no-37-2018-edition/sct01193326941-16/ (accessed 30/09/19)

43 Met Office (2018) UK Climate Projections 2018: Overview Report. Available at: https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/pub/data/weather/uk/ukcp18/science-reports/UKCP18-Overview-report.pdf (accessed 01/10/19)

44 Scottish Government (2020) Scottish greenhouse gas emissions 2018. Available at: https://www.gov.scot/publications/scottish-greenhouse-gas-emissions-2017/ (accessed 19/06/20)

45 Met Office (2018) UK Climate Projections 2018: UKCP18 Climate Change Over Land. Available at: https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/binaries/content/assets/metofficegovuk/pdf/research/ukcp/ukcp18-infographic-headline-findings-land.pdf (accessed 03/10/19)

46 CCC (2017) UK Climate Change Risk Projections 2017 Evidence Report, Summary for Scotland. Available at: https://www.theccc.org.uk/tackling-climate-change/preparing-for-climate-change/uk-climate-change-risk-assessment-2017/national-summaries/scotland/ (accessed 28/10/19)

47 Kan et al. (2012) Ambient air pollution, climate change, and population health in China, Environment International, Volume 42, pages 10 – 19. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2011.03.003 (accessed 08/04/20)

48 D’Amato et al. (2013) Climate change, air pollution and extreme events leading to increasing prevalence of allergic respiratory diseases, Multidisciplinary Respiratory Medicine. Available at: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/2049-6958-8-12 (accessed 08/04/20)

49 De Sario et al. (2013) Climate change, extreme weather events, air pollution and respiratory health in Europe. European Respiratory Journal 42: 826-843. Available at: https://erj.ersjournals.com/content/erj/42/3/826.full.pdf (accessed 08/04/20)

50 Ebi and McGregor (2008) Climate Change, Tropospheric Ozone and Particulate Matter, and Health Impacts. Environmental Health Perspectives 116:11. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.11463 (accessed 08/04/20)

51 NATURESCOT (2020) Response to Revised Clean Air for Scotland Scoping Report.

52 Natural Scotland, Scottish Government (2011) The State of Scotland’s Soil: Available at: https://www.sepa.org.uk/media/138741/state-of-soil-report-final.pdf (accessed 2/04/20)

53 Scottish Government (2009) The Scottish Soil Framework [online]: https://www.gov.scot/publications/scottish-soil-framework/

54 Natural Scotland, Scottish Government (2011) The State of Scotland’s Soil [online]: https://www.sepa.org.uk/media/138741/state-of-soil-report-final.pdf

55 SEPA (2019) Guidance on consideration of soil in Strategic Environmental Assessment [online]. Available at: https://www.sepa.org.uk/media/162986/lups-sea-gu2-consideration-of-soil-in-sea.pdf (accessed 06/04/20)

56 The European Nitrogen Assessment (2011) Mark A. Sutton, Clare M. Howard, Jan Willem Erisman, Gilles Billen, Albert Bleeker, Peringe Grennfelt, Hans van Grinsven and Bruna Grizzetti. Available at: http://www.nine-esf.org/files/ena_doc/ENA_pdfs/ENA_c21.pdf (accessed 10/08/20)

57 Scottish Government (2016) Key Scottish Environment Statistics 2016. Available at: https://www.gov.scot/publications/key-scottish-environment-statistics-2016-9781786525505/pages/7/ (accessed 03/10/19)

58SEPA (2018) State of Scotland’s Water Environment 2018 Summary Report. [online]: https://www.sepa.org.uk/media/484107/state-of-scotlands-water-environment-2018-summary-report.pdf

59 Scotland’s Environment (2016) Scotland’s freshwater [online]. Available at: https://www.environment.gov.scot/our-environment/water/scotland-s-freshwater/ (accessed 03/10/2019)

60 ibid

61 SEPA (2019) Consideration of water in Strategic Environmental Assessment. Available at: https://www.sepa.org.uk/media/162987/lups-sea-gu3-consideration-of-water-in-sea.pdf (accessed 16/12/19)

62 NATURESCOT [undated] Special Sites of Scientific Interest [online]. Available at: https://www.nature.scot/professional-advice/safeguarding-protected-areas-and-species/protected-areas/international-designations/ramsar-sites (accessed 16/12/19)

63 NATURESCOT [undated] Ramsar sites [online]. Available at: https://www.nature.scot/professional-advice/safeguarding-protected-areas-and-species/protected-areas/international-designations/ramsar-sites (accessed 16/12/19)

64 NATURESCOT (2019) Special Protected Areas [online]. Available at: https://www.nature.scot/professional-advice/safeguarding-protected-areas-and-species/protected-areas/international-designations/natura-sites/special-protection-areas-spas (accessed 16/12/19)

65 JNCC (2019) SACs in Scotland [online]. Available at: https://sac.jncc.gov.uk/site/scotland (accessed 16/12/19)

66 Scottish Natural Heritage (2017) Urban habitats [online] Available at: https://www.nature.scot/habitats-and-ecosystems/habitat-types/urban-habitats (accessed 08/12/2019)

67 Scottish Government (2019) National Performance Framework: Measuring Progress – Environment – Condition of protected nature sites. Available at: https://nationalperformance.gov.scot/measuring-progress/national-indicator-performance (accessed 07/10/19)

68 Natural Environment Research Council (2018) Trends Report 2018: Trends in critical load and critical level exceedances in the UK report to Defra. Available at: https://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/assets/documents/reports/cat09/1905230854_Trends_Report_2018.pdf (accessed 12/12/2019)

69 Scottish Natural Heritage (2019) NATURESCOT Research Report 958 – Towards the development of a Nitrogen Deposition Decision Framework for vegetation assessment in Scotland. Available at: https://www.nature.scot/snh-research-report-958-towards-development-nitrogen-deposition-decision-framework-vegetation (accessed 12/02/2019)

70 DEFRA (2019) Trends Report 2019: Trends in critical load and critical level exceedances in the UK. Available at: https://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/assets/documents/reports/cat09/1908280952_Trends_Report_2019.pdf (accessed 06/04/20)

71 Scottish Natural Heritage (undated). Climate change impacts in Scotland. Available at: https://www.nature.scot/climate-change/climate-change-impacts-scotland (accessed 3/04/2020)

72 SNH (2017) Farming and crofting [online]. Available at: https://www.nature.scot/professional-advice/land-and-sea-management/managing-land/farming-and-crofting (accessed 13/08/20)

73 SNH (undated) Hill farming [online] Available at: https://www.nature.scot/professional-advice/land-and-sea-management/managing-land/farming-and-crofting/types-farming/hill-farming (accessed 13/08/20)

74 Scottish Government (2019) Agriculture facts and figures. Available at: https://www.gov.scot/publications/agriculture-facts-figures-2019/ (accessed 13/08/20)

75 European Environment Agency (2016) Manure management in the National Atmospheric Emissions Inventory includes emissions from livestock buildings, open yard areas and manure or slurry stores, EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2016: Technical guidance to prepare national emission inventories. Available at: https://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/air/air-pollution-sources-1/emep-eea-air-pollutant-emission-inventory-guidebook/emep (accessed 12/03/20)

76 Scottish Government (2019) Cleaner Air for Scotland Strategy – An Independent Review – Final report to the Scottish Government Annex 6. Available at: https://www.gov.scot/binaries/content/documents/govscot/publications/independent-report/2019/08/cleaner-air-scotland-strategy-independent-review/documents/cleaner-air-scotland-strategy-review-report-annexes/cleaner-air-scotland-strategy-review-report-annexes/govscot%3Adocument/cleaner-air-scotland-strategy-review-report-annexes.pdf (accessed 06/02/2020)

77 ibid

78 Scottish Government (2014) State of the environment. Available at: https://www.environment.gov.scot/media/1170/state-of-environment-report-2014.pdf (accessed 13/08/20)

79 SEPA (2019) Consideration of soils in SEA. Available at: https://www.sepa.org.uk/media/162986/lups-sea-gu2-consideration-of-soil-in-sea.pdf (accessed 13/08/20)

80 Scottish Government (2019) Energy Statistics: Heating Fuel [online]. Available at: https://scotland.shinyapps.io/sg-scottish-energy-statistics/ (accessed 02/12/19)