Climate change duties - draft statutory guidance for public bodies: consultation

Public bodies have duties to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, contribute to the delivery of the Scottish National Adaptation Plan, and to act in the most sustainable way. This consultation seeks your views on draft guidance for public bodies in putting these climate change duties into practice.


Annex D: References

1 World Health Organization. COP26 special report on climate change and health: the health argument for climate action. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2021. (Accessed on 30 Nov 2023).

2 Romanello M, Napoli CD, Green C, et al. The 2023 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: the imperative for a health-centred response in a world facing irreversible harms. Lancet. 2023; 13: S0140-6736(23)01859-7.

3 Chief Medical Officer for Scotland. Annual Report 2022–2023. Realistic Medicine: Doing the Right Thing. Edinburgh: Scottish Government; 2023. (Accessed on 30 Nov 2023).

4 Finch D, Wilson H, Biddy J. Leave no one behind. The state of health and inequalities in Scotland. London: The Health Foundation; 2023. (Accessed on 30 Nov 2023).

5 Public Health Scotland. PHS climate change and sustainability strategic approach 2023–2026 Working together to build a greener, fairer, healthier future. Edinburgh: Public Health Scotland; 2023. (Accessed on 30 Nov 2023).

6 Kovats S and Brisley R. Health, communities and the built environment. In: The Third UK Climate Change Risk Assessment Technical Report [Betts RA, Haward AB, Pearson KV (eds.)]. Prepared for the Climate Change Committee, London; 2021.

7 Public Health Scotland. PHS climate change and sustainability strategic approach 2023–2026 Working together to build a greener, fairer, healthier future. Edinburgh: Public Health Scotland; 2023. (Accessed on 30 Nov 2023).

8 Public Health Scotland, Adaptation Scotland, Improvement Service. Working together to build climate-resilient, healthy and equitable places: A briefing for local government and partners. Edinburgh: Public Health Scotland; 2023 (Accessed on 30 Nov 2023).

9 IPCC Sixth Assessment Report, Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability | Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability (ipcc.ch). Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change; 2022.

10 Chief Medical Officer for Scotland. Annual Report 2022-23. Realistic Medicine: Doing the Right Thing. Edinburgh: Scottish Government; 2023. (Accessed on 30 Nov 2023).

11 Institute of Health Equity. Health Equity in England: the Marmot Review 10 years on. Institute of Health Equity; 2020.

12 Equality and Human Rights Commission. Equality and Human Rights Monitor: Is Scotland Fairer? Equality and Human Rights Commission; 2023.

13 Kovats S and Brisley R. Health, communities and the built environment. In: The Third UK Climate Change Risk Assessment Technical Report [Betts RA, Haward AB, Pearson KV (eds.)]. Prepared for the Climate Change Committee, London; 2021.

14 UK Health Security Agency. Climate change: health effects in the UK. London, UKHSA; 2-24

15 UK Health Security Agency. Health Effects of Climate Change in the UK, fourth report. London; UK Health Security Agency; 2023.

16 Lindley S. et al. Climate change, justice and vulnerability. York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation; 2011

17 Climate Change Committee. The just transition and climate change adaptation. Climate Change Committee; 2022

18 Breil M, Zandersen M, Pishmisheva P et al. 'Leaving No One Behind’ in Climate Resilience Policy and Practice in Europe. Bologna: CCA; 2022.

19 Sniffer. Climate hazards and resilience in the workplace: Making the case. A handbook for Trade Unionists. Edinburgh: Sniffer; 2022.

20 Climate Change Committee. Local authorities and the sixth carbon budget. Climate Change Committee; 2020.

21 Scottish Government. Strategic Environmental Assessment: guidance. Section 3.20, page 34. Scottish Government; 2013.

22 INTOSAI (The International Organisation of Supreme Auditing Institutions) Working Group on Environmental Auditing. Environmental and climate audits on the rise. INTOSAI; 2021.

23 David I. Armstrong McKay et al. Exceeding 1.5°C global warming could trigger multiple climate tipping points. Science 377, eabn7950 (2022). DOI:10.1126/science.abn7950

24 Sarah Whitmee, et al. Pathways to a healthy net-zero future: report of the Lancet Pathfinder Commission. The Lancet, Volume 403, Issue 10421, 67-110; 2024.

25 Ewane Basil Ewane, et al. Influence of urban forests on residential property values: A systematic review of remote sensing-based studies. Heliyon, Volume 9, Issue 10, e20408 (2023). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20408.

26 Quinton, J., Nesbitt, L., Sax, D., & Harris, L. Greening the gentrification process: Insights and engagements from practitioners. Environment and Planning: Nature and Space, 7(4), 1893-1917 (2024). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/25148486241236281

27 Clare Wharmby, et al. Carbon Scenario Tool Pathfinder Project: Recommendations for building local authority decision-making capability to deliver area-wide net zero strategies. Edinburgh Climate Change Institute and Scottish Cities Alliance; 2022.

28 Sniffer. Evidence for the third UK Climate Change Risk Assessment (CCRA3) Summary for Scotland. UK Climate Risk; 2021.

29 Climate Change Committee. Independent Assessment of UK Climate Risk, Advice to Government for the UK’s third Climate Change Risk Assessment (CCRA3). Climate Change Committee; 2021.

30 Climate Change Committee. Independent Assessment of UK Climate Risk, Advice to Government for the UK’s third Climate Change Risk Assessment (CCRA3). Climate Change Committee; 2021.

31 Adaptation Scotland. Adaptation Capability Framework. Adaptation Scotland; 2024.

32 Intergovernmental Panel On Climate Change (IPCC). The Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate: Special Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press; 2022. DOI: 10.1017/9781009157964.

33 Public Health Scotland, Adaptation Scotland and the Improvement Service. Working together to build climate-resilient, healthy and equitable place, A briefing for local government and partners. Public Health Scotland; 2023.

34 Scottish Government. Using intersectionality to understand structural inequality in Scotland: evidence synthesis. Scottish Government; 2022.

35 Victor Roezer and Swenja Surminski. New build homes, flood resilience and environmental justice – current and future trends under climate change across England and Wales. The London School of Economics and Political Science; 2020.

36 Ballester, J., Quijal-Zamorano, M., Méndez Turrubiates, R.F. et al. Heat-related mortality in Europe during the summer of 2022. Nature Medicine 29, 1857–1866 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-023-02419-z

37 Climate Change Committee. Independent Assessment of UK Climate Risk, Advice to Government for the UK’s third Climate Change Risk Assessment (CCRA3). Climate Change Committee; 2021.

38 United Nations Environment Programme. Emissions Gap Report 2024: No more hot air … please! With a massive gap between rhetoric and reality, countries draft new climate commitments. United Nations Environment Programme; 2024. https://wedocs.unep.org/20.500.11822/46404

39 Climate Change Committee. Investment for a well-adapted UK. Climate Change Committee; 2023.

40 Paul Watkiss Associates. Monetary Valuation of Risks and Opportunities in CCRA3, Report to the Climate Change Committee as part of the UK Climate Change Risk Assessment 3. UK Climate Risk; 2021.

41 Examples include: National Parks (Scotland) Act 2000 (section 1); Land Reform (Scotland) Act 2003 (sections 34, 38, 51, 71, 74, 77); Local Government in Scotland Act 2003 (sections 1(5), 13(6)(e)(i)); Further and Higher Education (Scotland) Act 2005 (section 20); Transport (Scotland) Act 2005 (section 5); and Police and Fire Reform (Scotland) Act 2012 (sections 37 and 113).

42 Ishani Erasmus. Sustainable Development Thinking: disrupting business as usual (PhD thesis). University of Stirling; 2021.

43 United Nations. The Sustainable Development Agenda: what is sustainable development?. United Nations website, accessed 08/01/2025.

44 United Nations. The Sustainable Development Agenda. United Nations website, accessed 08/01/2025.

45 Sustainable Development Commission. One Future, different paths: UK Shared Framework for Sustainable Development. Sustainable Development Commission; 2005.

46 Intergovernmental Panel On Climate Change (IPCC). Special Report: Global Warming of 1.5 °C. IPCC; 2022.

47 Michael Jacobs. The green economy: environment, sustainable development, and the politics of the future. Published by Pluto Press, 1991. ISBN 0745303129 (currently out of print).

48 Rockstrom, J. et al. A Safe Operating Space for Humanity, Nature 461: 472-475 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1038/461472a

49 Azote for Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University. Based on Richardson et al. 2023, Steffen et al. 2015, and Rockström et al. 2009. Planetary boundaries - Stockholm Resilience Centre

50 Equality Trust. External Research (undated).

51 Equality Trust. Crime (undated).

52 EuroHealthNet. Policy Precis: Making the link: health, education and inequality. EuroHealthNet; 2020.

53 Equality Trust. The Spirit Level; 2009.

54 Based on Abraham Maslow, Motivation and Personality. Published by Harper; originally published 1954. ISBN 9780060442415.

55 Kate Raworth. Doughnut Economics: Seven Ways to Think Like a 21st-Century Economist. Published by Random House; 2017. ISBN 1847941370.

56 Kate Raworth. Exploring Doughnut Economics. https://www.kateraworth.com/doughnut/

57 United Nations. Sustainable Development Goals. https://sdgs.un.org/goals. The content of this publication has not been approved by the United Nations and does not reflect the views of the United Nations or its officials or Member States.

58 Horst Wittel and Melvin Webber. Dilemmas in a General Theory of Planning. Policy Sciences 4(2), 155-169 (1973).

59 Ishani Erasmus. Sustainable Development Thinking: disrupting business as usual (PhD thesis). University of Stirling; 2021.

60 Lance Gunderson and C.S. Holling (eds). Panarchy: understanding transformations in human and natural systems. Published by Island Press; 2002. ISBN 1559638575, 9781559638579

61 Jo Smith. Planning peatland windfarms with carbon calculations. University of Aberdeen, undated. Accessed 17/11/2023. https://www.abdn.ac.uk/stories/peatland-windfarms/index.html#:~:text=The%20deeper%20the%20soil%2C%20the,of%20carbon%20dioxide%20are%20released
62 Jenni Monet. ‘Green colonialism’: Indigenous world leaders warn over west’s climate strategy. The Guardian; 2023. Accessed 17/11/2023. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/apr/23/un-indigenous-peoples-forum-climate-strategy-warning

63 Greenhouse Gas Protocol. Scope 3 Frequently Asked Questions, question 1. GHG Protocol; 2022.

64 Climate Change Committee. Local Authorities and the Sixth Carbon Budget. Climate Change Committee; 2020.

65 Sections 17(1) and 17(2) of the Climate Change (Scotland) Act 2009.

Contact

Email: climate.change@gov.scot

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