Climate Change Plan: monitoring report 2019

Transport 

In 2017, total Scottish transport emissions, including international aviation and shipping, were 0.4% above the 1990 Baseline year. 

The Plan sets out the following eight policy outcomes for the sector:

1. Average emissions per kilometre of new cars and vans registered in Scotland to reduce in line with current and future EU/UK emissions standards.

2. Proportion of ultra-low emission new cars and vans registered in Scotland annually to reach 100% by 2032. 

3. Average emissions per tonne kilometre of road freight to fall by 28% by 2032.

4. Proportion of the Scottish bus fleet which are low emission vehicles has increased to 50% by 2032.

5. By 2032 low emission solutions have been widely adopted at Scottish ports and airports. 

6. Proportion of ferries in Scottish Government ownership which are low emission has increased to 30% by 2032. 

7. We will have electrified 35% of the Scottish rail network by 2032. 

8. Proportion of domestic passenger journeys travelled by active travel modes has increased by 2032, in line with our Active Travel Vision, including the Cycling Action Plan for Scotland Vision that 10% of everyday journeys will be by bike by 2020. 

Our draft National Transport Strategy (NTS) - protecting our climate and improving lives - sets the direction for transport over the next 20 years. The draft strategy reflects the global climate emergency and the role of transport in delivering net-zero emissions by 2045 and has ‘taking climate action’ as one of four priorities. Decarbonising transport was also at the heart of this year’s Programme for Government with commitments to decarbonise all scheduled flights between airports within Scotland by 2040 and decarbonise rail services by 2035.

The transition to zero emission vehicles will reduce carbon emissions from transport significantly and we have already set out a bold ambition to phase out the need for new petrol and diesel cars and vans by 2032, eight years ahead of the UK Government. It is too early to assess whether we are on track to meet this commitment but we are seeing substantial growth in the number of ultra-low emission vehicles (ULEVs) registered in Scotland each year. The increasing number of charge points will aid the pursuit of this ambition as will our support for public sector fleets and interest free loans for businesses and individuals. Since 2012, the Scottish Government has offered £30 million in grant funding to all 32 of Scotland’s Local Authorities, to establish a comprehensive and fully integrated charging network, including over 1,000 publicly available charge points. Our Switched on Fleets programme has delivered more than £13 million to public bodies for zero or ultra-low emissions vehicles, and in the latest Programme for Government, we committed to create the conditions to support the decarbonisation of all public sector fleets by 2030.

To create successful places in the future we also need to manage the demand for travel to address the effects of continued single occupancy car dependency which leads to urban sprawl, inactive lifestyles and congestion. The NTS further reinforces the Sustainable Travel Hierarchy in decision making, promoting walking, wheeling^[7], cycling and shared transport options in preference to single occupancy private car use. We are already investing over £1 billion per year in public and sustainable transport to encourage people onto public transport and active travel modes and in this year’s Programme for Government committed to bring forward transformational long term funding for improved bus priority infrastructure of over half a billion pounds. 

Progress towards achieving the majority of the transport indicators in this report will accelerate as we approach 2032. This is particularly the case as emerging technologies, underpinned by a range of behaviour change approaches, work through the system. As a result it is too early to make an assessment on the majority of indicators. 

Output Indicator For Policy Outcome 1: 

Average emissions of new cars registered in Scotland have continued to reduce in line with EU/UK standards.

	2018	2019	2020	2021
Total change in average gCO2e/ km (cars)	107	103	99	95

Most Recent Data: 120.2gCO₂e / km for new cars registered in 2017.

Baseline Data: 164.4 gCO₂e / km for new cars registered in 2006.

Change: Change of 44.4 gCO₂e / km for new cars registered from 2006 to 2017.

Data Source(s): Scottish Transport Statistics1. 

On Track: Too early to make assessment as latest data available is for 2017.

Commentary: 

The average CO₂ emissions from newly registered cars have been steadily falling for the past decade. However, for the first time, in 2017 there was a very small increase compared to 2016. Department for Transport’s vehicle licensing statistics (UK level) suggest that one of the many contributing factors to this increase is an increase in the proportion of larger cars being registered with higher emissions.

EU legislation sets mandatory emission reduction targets for new cars. By 2021, phased in from 2020, the fleet average to be achieved by all new cars is 95gCO₂/km. More years of data are needed before we can make assessment of whether we are on track to meet this EU target. The table above outlines a simplistic linear prediction for meeting the 2021 target, however, progress might not necessarily be linear - some years might see greater reductions in average CO₂ emissions than others as manufacturers bring more efficient models to the market. It is expected that all major manufacturers will begin adding hybrid systems to their standard offers to reduce their emissions and meet the European 

Output Indicator For Policy Outcome 1: 

Average emissions of new vans registered in Scotland have continued to reduce in line with EU/UK standards.

	2018	2019	2020	2021
Total change in average gCO2e/ km (vans)	165	156	147	-

Most Recent Data: 167.9 gCO₂e / km for new vans registered in 2017.

Baseline Data: 188.4 gCO₂e / km for new vans registered in 2012.

Change: Change of 20.5 gCO₂e / km for new vans registered from 2012 to 2017.

Data Source(s): Department for Transport vehicle statistics^[2].

On Track: Too early to make assessment as latest data available is for 2017.

Commentary: 

CO₂ data for light goods vehicles only started being recorded in earnest in 2012, so only 5 years of data are available, compared to over ten years of CO₂ data for cars. Average CO₂ emissions in Scotland for new light goods vehicles registrations has fallen by 20.5 gCO₂e from 2012 to 2017 and 8.3 gCO₂e from 2016 to 2017.  

EU legislation sets CO₂ emission targets for new vans sold on the European market. For 2020, the target is 147gCO₂/km – 19% less than the 2012 average. It is too early to make an assessment of whether we are on track to meet this EU target until more years of data are available. The table above outlines a simplistic linear prediction, however, progress might not necessarily be linear - some years might see greater reductions in average CO₂ emissions than others.

Output Indicator For Policy Outcome 1: 

Annual share of biofuels as a percentage of total petrol and diesel sales in the UK.

	2018	2019	2020	2021
Biofuels as % of total petrol and diesel sales	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a

Most Recent Data: 3.1% of total transport fuel (road and non-road mobile machinery) is made up of biofuels in 2017-18 (latest full UK dataset).

Data Source(s): Department for Transport’s RTFO statistical release – March 2019^[3].  

On Track: Insufficient Data. 

Commentary: 

The Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO) is a key UK Government policy instrument for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from vehicles by encouraging the production and use of sustainable biofuels. Under RTFO, suppliers of transport (and non-road mobile machinery) fuel in the UK (of >450,000 litres p/a - fossil or bio), must be able to show that a percentage of the fuel they supply comes from renewable and sustainable sources.  

New targets were set for the RTFO in April 2018, where the percentage of fuels obligated to be derived from renewable sources increased.  From January 2019, this percentage will rise to 8.50% and continue to increase up to 12.40% by 2032.  Further changes include:

• setting an additional target for advanced waste-based renewable fuels, starting at 0.1% in 2019 and rising to 2.8% in 2032
• setting a sustainable level for crop biofuels, an initial maximum cap of 4% of fuel in 2018, reducing annually from 2021 to reach 3% in 2026 and 2% in 2032
• bringing renewable aviation fuels and renewable fuels of non-biological origin into the scheme.

We have indicated there is insufficient data to monitor this indicator as no separate reporting mechanism exists for biofuel sales in Scotland. We are therefore unable to monitor how Scotland compares to the UK in terms of the proportion of road transport renewable fuel.

Implementation Indicator For Policy Outcome 1: 

Average emissions per kilometre of cars and vans registered in Scotland.

Most Recent Data: Average emissions of 139.1 g CO₂e / km for cars in 2017.  Robust data on the average emissions for all vans registered is not available.

Data Source(s): Scottish Transport Statistics^[1].

Commentary: 

Average CO₂ emissions for all cars registered (licensed) in Scotland have been continuously falling over the past decade and fell by 2.3% from 2016 to 2017.  CO₂ data for light goods vehicles (vans) only started being recorded in earnest in 2012 meaning robust data on the average emissions for all vans registered (i.e. the stock) is not available.

Implementation Indicator For Policy Outcome 1: 

The outcome of changes in Vehicle Exercise Duty at each budget.

Most Recent Information: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/800502/vehicle-licensing-statistics-2018.pdf.

Information Source(s): Department for Transport vehicle licensing statistics^[4].

Commentary: 

Cars with lower carbon dioxide emissions fall in cheaper Vehicle Excise Duty (VED) bands. From April 2017, the VED bands for new cars changed to require much smaller CO₂ emissions to be in the lower bands, whilst making the higher bands larger.  

A range of factors, including VED, contribute to the improving average emissions of newly registered cars, however, it is not possible to isolate the impact of just VED.

Implementation Indicator For Policy Outcome 1: 

Negotiations regarding biofuels are ongoing within the context of an EU framework. Scotland has engaged in the development of the approach.

Most Recent Information: The UK Government’s Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO)^[5]. 

Information Source(s): Transport Scotland.

Commentary: 

Following consultation with wider stakeholders (including the devolved administrations), the UK Government made changes to RTFO in 2018. These comprised:

• increasing the biofuels volume target from the former 4.75% to 9.75% in 2020, and 12.4% in 2032;
• setting an additional target for advanced waste-based renewable fuels, starting at 0.1% from 2019 and rising to 2.8% in 2032;
• setting a sustainable level for crop biofuels, from an initial maximum cap of 4% of fuel in 2018, reducing annually from 2021 to reach 3% in 2026 and 2% in 2032;
• bringing renewable aviation fuels and “renewable fuels of non-biological origin” into the scheme.  

The changes mean a more challenging target, with higher biofuels use, and changes to address previous concerns on the sustainability of biofuels being promoted; the arrival of new fuel types; and the scheme’s expansion to wider fuel sub-sectors.  

Implementation Indicator For Policy Outcome 1: 

Number of individuals and organisations who have completed fuel efficient driver training.

Most Recent Data: 1080 individuals and 42 organisations completed training in 2017-18.

Data Source(s): Energy Saving Trust^[6]. 

Commentary: 

Fuel Good driver training is a driver training scheme established to help Scottish businesses and their employees save on fuel costs and reduce carbon emissions. Since 2011 more than 17,000 individuals and 400 organisations have completed the training. The number of organisations and individuals who completed training was slightly lower in 2017-18 than 2016 -17. 

Output Indicator For Policy Outcome 2:

Percentage of grant funding for charge points utilised each year.

Most Recent Data: 94% of grant funding for charge points was utilised in Financial Year 2018-19.

Data Source(s): Transport Scotland^[7].

On Track: Too early to make assessment.

Commentary:

Local Authorities and the Energy Saving Trust aim to utilise 100% of the grant funding made available by Transport Scotland for installing charging points. It is too early to assess whether we are on track to meet our commitment to phase out the need for petrol and diesel cars and vans by 2032 but this increasing investment in charging infrastructure will aid the pursuit of this ambition.

Output Indicator For Policy Outcome 2: 

Percentage of charge point installs completed each year.

Most Recent Data: 

136 charge point installs completed by Local Authorities in 2018-19.

134 workplace installs completed by the Energy Saving Trust in 2018-19.

1,251 domestic installs in 2018-19.

Data Source(s): Transport Scotland / ChargePlace Scotland and Energy Saving Trust^[7].

On Track: Too early to make assessment.

Commentary:

Drivers of EVs in Scotland benefit from a comprehensive charge point network through Charge Place Scotland. There are currently more than 1,000 publicly available charge points on the Charge Place Scotland network, including over 250 (50kWh) Rapid charge points. 

It is too early to assess whether we are on track to meet our commitment to phase out the need for petrol and diesel cars and vans by 2032 but increasing number of charge points will aid the pursuit of this ambition.

Output Indicator For Policy Outcome 2: 

Annual utilisation of the Charge Place Scotland network. 

Most Recent Information: In 2018 the Charge Place Scotland network was used over 590,590 times by over 10,300 users, up 39% from 424,865 in 2017.

Information Source(s): Transport Scotland / ChargePlace Scotland^[7].

On Track: Too early to make assessment.

Commentary:

There are been a year on year increase in the annual utilisation of the ChargePlace Scotland network. It is too early to assess whether we are on track to meet our commitment to phase out the need for petrol and diesel cars and vans by 2032 but the increasing utilisation of the charge point network reflects the increasing number of EV owners.

Implementation Indicator For Policy Outcome 2: 

Percentage of grant funding for publically available charge point installations that is utilised each financial year.

Most Recent Data: 100% of the grant funding in 2018-19 was utilised. 

Data Source(s): Transport Scotland^[7].

Commentary:

£8.5 million of grant funding is available to Local Authorities for the financial year 2019-20. This funding is for the installation of publically available charge points and for the installation of workplace charge points for local authority fleet vehicles.

Implementation Indicator For Policy Outcome 2: 

Percentage of grant funding for domestic/workplace charge point installations that is utilised each financial year.

Most Recent Data: 96% of grant funding available for domestic/workplace charging was utilised in 2018-19. 

Data Source(s): Energy Saving Trust^[7].

Commentary: 

This year (2019-20), £2 million of grant funding is available for domestic, non-public workplace and publicly-available charge points.

Implementation Indicator For Policy Outcome 2: 

Percentage of publically available charge point installs that are completed each financial year.

Most Recent Data: Over 200 publicly available charge points were commissioned on the ChargePlace Scotland network in 2018-19.

Data Source(s): ChargePlace Scotland^[7].

Commentary:

The ChargePlace Scotland network has grown steadily since its inception in 2013 from 55 to its current level of over 1,000 publicly available charge points. Growth is steadily increasing, last financial year over 200 publicly available charge points were installed on the network and in financial year 2019-2020, we anticipate in the region of a further 300 being added.

Implementation Indicator For Policy Outcome 2: 

Percentage of domestic/workplace charge point installs that are completed each financial year.

Most Recent Data: 134 workplace and 1,251 domestic charge point installations completed in 2018-19.

Data Source(s): Energy Saving Trust, ChargePlace Scotland^[7].

Commentary: 

134 workplace charge points were installed in 2018-2019, up from 123 installations in 2017-18.

1,251 domestic charge points were installed in 2018-2019, up from 1,024 installations in 2017-18.

Output Indicator For Policy Outcome 3: 

Average emissions of HGVs per tonne kilometre. 

	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025	2026	2027	2028	2029	2030	2031	2032
Total emissions (gCO2e) per tonne kilometre of Road Freight Index 2017 = 100	98	96	94	92	91	89	87	85	83	81	79	78	76	74	72

Most Recent Data: Average emissions of 725 gCO₂e per vehicle kilometre from HGVs in 2017.

Data Source(s): Scottish Transport Statistics^[1] and the Carbon Account for Scotland^[8].

On Track: Too early to make assessment as latest data available is for 2017.

Commentary: 

The Climate Change Plan indicator doesn’t take account of vehicle kilometres travelled with empty loads, and we have therefore reported on HGV emissions per vehicle kilometre in place of emissions per tonne kilometre of goods moved as this is a more stable indicator for measuring decarbonisation of HGVs.

The latest data available is for 2017 so we cannot yet establish whether average emissions have fallen by 2% from 2018 to 2017. We have therefore simply reported the average emissions per vehicle kilometre from HGVs

Output Indicator For Policy Outcome 3:

Report on the number of ECO Stars member organisations and impact on emissions and fuel savings.

Most Recent Data: 

• 320 ECO Stars commercial vehicle members in Scotland as of August 2019.
• 12 live local authority ECO Stars schemes in Scotland as of August 2019. 

Most Recent Information: Specific fuel savings are not recorded directly so only able to report on member numbers. 

Data / Information Source(s): Transport Research Laboratory, who are responsible for ECO Stars delivery^[9]. 

On Track: Insufficient Data.

Commentary: 

ECO Stars is a recognition and advice scheme, making suggestions for sustainable operational practice and fleet choices. Operators are not required to submit fuel usage information as part of their application, and as such these data are not currently recorded. Specific fuel savings and emissions reductions are therefore not possible to estimate as a direct result of ECO Stars membership. Success and impact of the scheme is focussed on recruitment of new members and continued engagement with existing members. There are no defined recruitment targets for ECO Stars membership, however, there has been good uptake rates with scheme geographic coverage continuing to grow. There are now 320 members in Scotland, up from 258 last year. 

Output Indicator For Policy Outcome 3: 

Report qualitatively against the actions outlined in the Rail Freight Strategy.

Most Recent Information: The Rail Freight strategy was published in 2016^[10].

Information Source(s): Transport Scotland. 

On Track: Yes. 

Commentary: 

Delivering the Goods, Scotland’s Rail Freight Strategy, published in March 2016, sets out a number of actions that have and are being taken forward by the Scottish Government, Network Rail and the Scotland Freight Joint Board.  These actions are looking at new and efficient ways of transporting goods in addition to building strong and lasting partnerships to grow existing and new markets.  

The strategy includes actions to inform our High Level Output Specification (HLOS) which sets Network Rail’s regulatory outputs for the current rail control period (2019 to 2024).  Our HLOS was published in July 2017 and includes a Scottish Gauge requirement, a specific output on the availability of cross-border routes for freight and targets to grow rail freight alongside freight performance and journey time improvements.  The freight strategy and the outputs in the HLOS incentivise Network Rail to work with the wider rail industry with a clear focus on delivering our priorities.

Strong and sustainable partnership working across public and private sectors is key to achieving growth and Network Rail has undertaken a significant amount of work with the wider rail freight industry on a growth plan for rail freight to achieve or exceed the growth target. This plan was published on 15 March 2019 and sets out objectives for encouraging customer confidence, developing growth, doing things differently and looking for simpler solutions which all align with the rail freight strategy.

Implementation Indicator For Policy Outcome 3: 

Uptake of the ECO-Stars programme. 

Most Recent Information: There are 320 unique ECO Stars commercial vehicle members in Scotland as of August 2019.

Information Source(s): Transport Research Laboratory, who are responsible for ECO Stars delivery^[9].

Commentary: 

There are no defined recruitment targets for ECO Stars membership, however, there has been good uptake rates with scheme geographic coverage continuing to grow. There are currently established schemes in 12 of 14 local authorities with Air Quality Management Areas. This will widen the target recruitment area for commercial vehicle members and subsequent potential scheme impact.

Implementation Indicator For Policy Outcome 3:

Progress in delivering the Rail Freight Strategy.

Most Recent Information: The Rail Freight Strategy was published in 2016^[10].

Information Source(s): Transport Scotland.

Commentary: 

There are 22 actions in the rail freight strategy, most of which have been completed, are on-going or are being taken forward through other channels.  One of the key actions that has been completed is the identification and formalisation of the Scottish strategic freight network.

Also, following the publication of the rail freight guide in 2017, Transport Scotland, in conjunction with industry partners, hosted a series of freight commodity workshops in 2017 and 2018 at Coatbridge, Aberdeen, Inverness and Kirkcaldy. The purpose of these workshops was to shine a light on the benefits of using rail freight, to look at the role of rail freight in the logistics chain, to hear from users of rail and industry experts, and to explain how rail could assist businesses.

In June 2019, Transport Scotland, Scottish Forestry, Network Rail and Confor hosted a timber by rail workshop to look at opportunities for sustainable transport of timber.  This workshop was one of the key outputs of a Timber by Rail roundtable meeting the Cabinet Secretary for the Rural Economy hosted in March 2019.  There was a willingness from both sectors to make progress and the discussion generated some potential timber by rail options to be taken forward for further development by interested partners.  

In terms of investment, the Scottish Government has invested around £8 billion in rail services and infrastructure since 2007.  Going forward there is a dedicated £25 million Scottish Strategic Rail Freight Fund for the period from 2019 to 2024.  This fund will support the development and delivery costs of proposals for minor-medium freight interventions to improve the capacity and capability of the Scottish network for rail freight.  In addition, the Scottish Government continues to administer EC state aid approved freight mode shift grant schemes which can provide capital support for infrastructure or revenue support for the additional costs of moving freight by rail or water instead of road.  

Our 2018-2019 mode shift revenue support enabled seven rail freight services move just under three million tonnes of freight by rail rather than road.  Since 2007, £11.3 million in mode shift capital grants has been invested in 12 freight handling facilities across Scotland removing over 110 million lorry miles from road.

Output Indicator For Policy Outcome 4: 

Proportion of bus fleet made up of low emission vehicles is 50% by 2032.

	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025	2026	2027	2028	2029	2030	2031	2032
Proportion of bus fleet made up of low emission vehicles (%)	13	15	18	20	23	25	27	30	33	36	39	42	45	48	50

Most Recent Data: Currently unavailable – will be available for future

monitoring reports (see commentary for further explanation).

Data Source(s): Bus Service Operators Grant (BSOG)^[11]. 

On Track: Insufficient data.

Commentary: 

We are unable to currently provide a completely accurate value for the percentage of the total fleet made up of low emission vehicles as the data provided by operators in respect of the low carbon vehicle incentive of BSOG, is collected on estimated claims, with operators changing fleets and services frequently, and on occasion not providing estimates in relation to low emission buses. We are working with operators to currently collect more accurate and informed data, with a view to this being collected online, which will speed up the process and provide more real time information.  

Despite this, indications suggest that we are likely on track as we know there are approximately 4000 registered buses operating across approximately 200 operators and we know that around 793 of these buses claim the low carbon incentive through the BSOG.   This does not include vehicles which cannot be tested as low emission and therefore do not receive the incentive.  We also know the general lifespan of a bus is around 15 years and that in renewing fleets, buses must meet much stricter criteria, which will assist in the fulfilment of this target. We also know the general lifespan of a bus is around 15 years and that in renewing fleets, buses must meet much stricter criteria, which will assist in the fulfilment of this target. We are collecting more detailed data through BSOG which will help inform this target in the future. 

Implementation Indicator For Policy Outcome 4: 

Number of low carbon buses purchased including those through the Scottish Green Bus Fund.

Most Recent Data: 793 low emission buses are in operation in the Scottish fleet.

Data Source(s): Bus Service Operators Grant (BSOG) data^[11].

Commentary: 

We can only provide accurate data on low emission buses supported through the Scottish Green Bus Fund as the data provided by operators in respect of the low carbon vehicle incentive of BSOG is collected on estimated claims.

To date £17.2 million has been spent assisting operators to purchase 475 low emission buses. Details can be found on the Transport Scotland website. In 2018-2019, 128 buses were purchased with the assistance of £1.1 million of the Sottish Green Bus Fund. Bus operators have also purchased low emission buses without the support of the Scottish Green Bus Fund.

Implementation Indicator For Policy Outcome 4: 

Annual low carbon bus expenditure through Scottish Green Bus Fund and Bus Service Operators Grant incentive.

Most Recent Data: £5.2 million low carbon bus expenditure in the financial year 2018-2019.

Data Source(s): Scottish Green Bus Fund^[12], Bus Service Operators Grant low emission vehicle incentive expenditure^[11].

Commentary: 

The Scottish Government provides funding support to bus operators for the additional costs associated with the purchase and operation of low carbon buses within the Scottish bus fleet. 

The Scottish Government is committed to accelerating the uptake of such vehicles, and continue to work with bus stakeholders on the level of support required to make this commercially viable now and in the future as the technology and its associated costs matures.  

Implementation Indicator For Policy Outcome 4:

Numbers of kilometres run by low emission buses as a percentage of total bus kilometres.

Most Recent Data: 12.5% of kilometres run by low emission buses in the financial year 2018-2019.

Data Source(s): Bus Service Operators Grant claims^[11].

Commentary: 

The percentage of the Scottish bus fleet that are low emission buses has increased, this is reflected in the percentage of kilometres run. Based on estimated claims the percentage of low emission kilometres in 2019-2020 will be almost 16% of the total kilometres run. In 2017-2018, 10.2% of total bus kilometres were by low emission buses. 

Output Indicator For Policy Outcome 5: 

Qualitative report on Transport Scotland’s input into port and airport strategies.

Most Recent Information: Transport Scotland.

Information Source(s): Transport Scotland^[13]. 

On Track: Insufficient Data. 

Commentary: 

Ports and airports in Scotland are primarily operated by independent organisations distinct from the Scottish Government and it is the responsibility of these organisations to operate their facilities in line with the relevant regulatory regimes. However, we continue to engage with ports and airports to encourage them to consider and introduce more environmentally friendly infrastructure.  

Implementation Indicator For Policy Outcome 5: 

Qualitative annual report on Transport Scotland’s engagement with Scottish port authorities and airports.

Most Recent Information: Transport Scotland. 

Data Source(s): Transport Scotland^[13]. 

Commentary: 

Ports and airports in Scotland are primarily operated by independent organisations distinct from the Scottish Government and it is the responsibility of these organisations to operate their facilities in line with the relevant regulatory regimes. 

Transport Scotland regularly engages with ports and airports in a range of forums including discussions on how they can reduce carbon emissions as part of their own operations.

Output Indicator For Policy Outcome 6:

Number of low emission ferries in Scottish Government ownership.

	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025	2026	2027	2028	2029	2030	2031	2032
Number of low emission ferries in Scottish Government ownership	3	4	4	5	5	5	6	6	7	7	7	8	8	9	9

Most Recent Data: 3 low emission ferries owned in 2019.

Data Source(s): Caledonian Maritime Assets Ltd (fleet owner)^[14].

On Track: Yes. 

Commentary: 

Three diesel-electric hybrid ferries were delivered from 2011 to 2015. Delays to the delivery of two new vessels (LNG dual-fuel) means the current number will stay at 3 in 2019 but we are still expecting to achieve or surpass the 2032 target.  The trajectory above is based on a planned investment programme through the 2020s which is required to replace vessels as they reach end of life.

Implementation Indicator For Policy Outcome 6: 

Update on programme of procurement through the Vessel Replacement Plan.

Most Recent Information: Vessel Replacement and Deployment Plan Annual Report 2016^[15].

Information Source(s): Transport Scotland.

Commentary: 

The latest Vessel Replacement and Deployment Plan Annual Report indicated that the next vessel to be procured for the CalMac fleet would be for the services to Islay. The next version of the Vessel Replacement and Deployment Plan is due to be published in early 2020.

Output Indicator For Policy Outcome 7: 

The percentage of the rail track electrified.

	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025	2026	2027	2028	2029	2030	2031	2032
Percentage of rail track (route kilometres) electrified	27	29	29	29	29	30	30	31	32	32	33	33	34	34	35

Most Recent Data: 29% of rail track in Scotland is electrified in 2018-2019. 

Data Source(s): Transport Scotland^[13].

On Track: Yes. 

Commentary: 

The percentage of rail passenger journeys using electric trains is a more useful indicator than the percentage of rail track electrified. With the addition of three new electrified rail routes operating in Scotland during 2018-2019, 75% of ScotRail journeys are expected to be on electric trains by the end of 2019 as a result of electrification projects being completed.

In September 2019, as part of its Programme for Government and its response to the global climate emergency, the Scottish Government set out a new commitment to put plans in place to decarbonise Scotland’s rail services by 2035. Transport Scotland will set out details and actions in spring 2020.

Implementation Indicator For Policy Outcome 7: 

Annual information on electrification is contained within the Scottish Transport Statistics.

Most Recent Information: Network Rail.

Information Source(s): Scottish Transport Statistics: Rail Services^[16]. 

Commentary: 

Please see indicator above for the most recent data on electrification.

Output Indicator For Policy Outcome 8: 

Active travel budget for the year.

Most Recent Data: £80 million budget for 2019-20.

Data Source(s): Scottish Government budget 2019-2020^[17]. 

On Track: Yes. 

Commentary: 

The Government doubled the active travel budget from £39 million to £80 million in 2018-19 and maintained this record funding in 2019-20 to increase the speed of change in the number of people walking and cycling and to develop an Active Nation. This equates to an average spend of £14 per capita in Scotland. 

Funding has been agreed for the majority of this amount including: 

• Capital funding of £66.3 million
• Resource funding of £6.3 million 
• Cycling, Walking Safer Streets £7.4 million 

In addition, £6.6 million funding has been provided for sustainable travel behaviour change programmes (i.e. Smarter Choices, Smarter Places, Energy Saving Trust, CoMo). 

We achieved full expenditure in 2018-19 and anticipate full spend of £80 million budget by March 2020. 

Output Indicator For Policy Outcome 8: 

Progress towards active travel vision. 

Most Recent Information: In 2018, 1.8% of journeys under 5 miles were made by bike (the same percentage as in 2017) and 43.0% of journeys under 2 miles were made on foot (a 2.3% fall from 2017). 

Data Source(s): Scottish Household Survey 2018^[18]. 

On Track: Too early to make assessment.

Commentary: 

The active travel vision is a long term one for 2030 and we have now developed a range of relevant indicators as part of an Active Travel outcomes framework that will allow progress to be monitored. Whilst the active travel budget has been doubled to £80 million for last year, it is too early to assess benefits as it will take time to design, plan and build new infrastructure, with some of the larger projects spanning up to 5 years.

Progress in the previous Climate Change Plan monitoring report focussed on short commutes of up to 2 miles for walking, and up to 5 miles for cycling. This was based on the proviso that this indicator would become the new National Performance Framework (NPF) measure on active travel.

However, in order to satisfy the requirement of being able to determine the performance status of NPF indicators each year, the active travel indicator has changed to include all journeys of up to 2 miles for walking and up to 5 miles for cycling as opposed to only looking at commutes. This is to increase the number of short journeys over which we can make an assessment on performance as, the smaller the number of observations the less precision the results have and the harder it is to detect genuine year on year change.  In addition, there is a view that focusing overly on commuting serves to downplay other journey types undertaken by active modes which can have significance for equalities issues e.g. caring journeys made disproportionately by women.

Implementation Indicator For Policy Outcome 8: 

Qualitative update on what has been achieved through active travel expenditure.

Most Recent Information: Transport Scotland.

Information Source(s): Transport Scotland^[19].

Commentary: 

Grant awards in 2018-2019 were for a mix of both infrastructure and behaviour change/training projects; we awarded £80 million to a range of delivery partners. Most of this funding was awarded to local authorities/other partners with a request for 50% match funding for programmes such as Community Links and Community Links PLUS. 

The majority of infrastructure funding was issued to Sustrans for Community Links and National Cycle Network. Between 2011–2016, these have delivered 370 miles of newly constructed walking and cycling infrastructure, as well as 160 miles of upgrading/resurfacing. Whilst majority of increased budget is being invested on cycling infrastructure, this will take some time to design, plan and build, with some of the larger projects spanning up to 5 years. 

A number of behaviour change programmes were delivered including: 

• 4,500 adults supported with training in 2018-2019. This includes 2,400 bus and lorry drivers trained as part of vulnerable road user awareness courses. 
• A range of Cycle Friendly programmes to promote and support cycling locally and make facilities more cycle friendly. Last year 134 grants worth £1.8 million were given to universities, workplaces and schools  to build a range of cycle parking, storage facilities and showers. 
• School cycle training delivered through Bikeability to give over 36,000 children from P6 to S2 the skills and confidence to cycle safely and learn how to manage traffic in 2018-2019.

Implementation Indicator For Policy Outcome 8: 

Qualitative report on the implementation and achievements of Smarter Choices, Smarter Places.

Most Recent Information: Smarter Choices, Smarter Places 2018-2019 Programme Review.  

Information Source(s): Paths for All, September 2019^[20].

Commentary: 

Smarter Choices, Smarter Places is changing people’s travel behaviours. From the Scottish Borders to the Western Isles, in cities, towns and villages it promotes walking, cycling and sustainable transport as credible options for everyday journeys. It reduces the number of car miles travelled and CO₂ emissions produced. In 2018-2019 the programme was expanded to introduce a new Open Fund and delivered in partnership with 31 local authorities, 49 voluntary organisations, colleges, universities, schools, community councils and other public agencies. Partners deliver an enormous range of projects tailored to meet local needs and priorities. Activities included community and workplace active travel challenges that got more people walking and cycling. Trialling new bus services and bus ticketing promotions increased bus patronage. Maps, apps and wayfinding increased people’s knowledge of routes. Social media, radio campaigns and printed media increased community awareness of walking, cycling and public transport as normal ways to travel. Initiatives are targeted at specific groups – young, old, rural, urban, BAME, women, local communities, workplaces- to meet local needs and local priorities. In 2018-2019 over 250,000 people took part in over 3,000 local events that encouraged people to reduce their car use. Projects reported 283,000 fewer car miles travelled as a consequence of the programme’s intervention.