Publication - Research and analysis

Developing regulation of energy efficiency of private sector housing (REEPS): modelling improvements to the target stock - Main Research Report

Published: 5 November 2015
ISBN: 9781785447730

This report describes how the least energy efficient dwellings in the private sector were identified and how their ratings could be improved by a range of improvement measures. Modelling was used to ascertain the least cost way of reaching different standards, with findings presented on capital costs, fuel cost savings, carbon and energy reductions.

Supporting documents

14 Appendix 8: Additional Tables

Target stock by selected dwelling characteristics

Table A8.1: Summary of private sector dwellings in EPC bands EFG by type

		SAP 2005				SAP 2012
	Sample size	% of all dwellings in EFG	SAP Band E	SAP Band F	SAP Band G	SAP Band E	SAP Band F	SAP Band G
Detached	930	45%	126,091 (70%)	44,601 (25%)	10,192 (6%)	88,392 (49%)	74,764 (41%)	17,729 (10%)
Semi-detached	392	23%	80,400 (87%)	9,806 (11%)	2,156 (2%)	59,185 (64%)	29,112 (32%)	4,064 (4%)
Mid-terrace & terrace with passage	75	5%	16,043 (82%)	3,164 (16%)	380 (2%)	9,161 (47%)	9,692 (49%)	734 (4%)
End-terrace	131	8%	25,636 (84%)	4,132 (14%)	714 (2%)	19,346 (63%)	10,138 (33%)	1,098 (4%)
Enclosed end	3	0%	387 (91%)	38 (9%)	0 (0%)	387 (91%)	38 (9%)	0 (0%)
Tenement	159	13%	38,436 (72%)	11,398 (21%)	3,371 (6%)	35,212 (66%)	12,382 (23%)	5,612 (11%)
4-in-a-block	42	2%	8,404 (87%)	1,228 (13%)	0 (0%)	7,643 (79%)	1,989 (21%)	0 (0%)
Tower/slab	10	1%	1,885 (55%)	796 (23%)	724 (21%)	2,287 (67%)	1,117 (33%)	0 (0%)
Flat from converted house	44	3%	8,718 (83%)	1,191 (11%)	658 (6%)	8,328 (79%)	1,800 (17%)	439 (4%)
Total	1786	100%	306,000 (76%)	76,353 (19%)	18,195 (5%)	229,840 (57%)	141,032 (35%)	29,676 (7%)

Table A8.2: Summary of private sector dwellings in EPC bands EFG by dwelling age

		SAP 2005				SAP 2012
	Sample size	% of all dwellings in EFG	SAP Band E	SAP Band F	SAP Band G	SAP Band E	SAP Band F	SAP Band G
Pre 1919	746	46%	124,143 (68%)	47,113 (26%)	11,976 (7%)	75,388 (41%)	85,158 (46%)	22,685 (12%)
1919 - 1929	84	4%	13,521 (80%)	2,621 (15%)	904 (5%)	9,760 (57%)	5,312 (31%)	1,975 (12%)
1930 - 1949	227	12%	42,318 (86%)	5,149 (10%)	1,956 (4%)	33,965 (69%)	13,668 (28%)	1,791 (4%)
1950 - 1964	231	12%	41,420 (84%)	6,815 (14%)	895 (2%)	31,228 (64%)	17,250 (35%)	651 (1%)
1965 - 1975	274	14%	47,187 (82%)	8,317 (14%)	2,022 (4%)	38,968 (68%)	16,169 (28%)	2,389 (4%)
1976 - 1983	82	4%	13,045 (84%)	2,250 (15%)	185 (1%)	13,838 (89%)	1,457 (9%)	185 (1%)
1984 - 1991	60	3%	10,080 (83%)	2,016 (17%)	61 (1%)	10,843 (89%)	1,314 (11%)	0 (0%)
1992 - 1998	43	2%	7,750 (90%)	879 (10%)	0 (0%)	8,131 (94%)	498 (6%)	0 (0%)
1999 - 2002	12	1%	1,708 (63%)	996 (37%)	0 (0%)	2,500 (92%)	204 (8%)	0 (0%)
2003 - 2007	20	1%	3,391 (94%)	199 (6%)	0 (0%)	3,590 (100%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
2008 onwards	7	0%	1,436 (88%)	0 (0%)	195 (12%)	1,631 (100%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
Total	1786	100%	306,000 (76%)	76,353 (19%)	18,195 (5%)	229,840 (57%)	141,032 (35%)	29,676 (7%)

Table A8.3: Summary of private sector dwellings in EPC bands EFG by wall type

		SAP 2005				SAP 2012
	Sample size	% of all dwellings in EFG	SAP Band E	SAP Band F	SAP Band G	SAP Band E	SAP Band F	SAP Band G
Solid brick	108	7%	20,947 (78%)	4,996 (19%)	871 (3%)	15,512 (58%)	8,775 (33%)	2,527 (9%)
Cavity brick	664	36%	122,073 (85%)	18,190 (13%)	4,128 (3%)	97,903 (68%)	41,986 (29%)	4,502 (3%)
Sandstone	533	29%	81,645 (71%)	26,827 (23%)	7,147 (6%)	55,251 (48%)	48,620 (42%)	11,748 (10%)
Granite/whinstone	229	17%	45,940 (66%)	18,564 (27%)	4,697 (7%)	25,504 (37%)	33,735 (49%)	9,962 (14%)
Timber	149	6%	20,690 (81%)	4,610 (18%)	256 (1%)	21,784 (85%)	3,772 (15%)	0 (0%)
Cob (earth)	5	0%	445 (71%)	179 (29%)	0 (0%)	583 (94%)	40 (6%)	0 (0%)
System	98	5%	14,259 (78%)	2,986 (16%)	1,097 (6%)	13,304 (73%)	4,102 (22%)	936 (5%)
Total	1786	100%	306,000 (76%)	76,353 (19%)	18,195 (5%)	229,840 (57%)	141,032 (35%)	29,676 (7%)

Table A8.4: Summary of private sector dwellings in EPC bands EFG by main heating type

		SAP 2005				SAP 2012
	Sample size	% of all dwellings in EFG	SAP Band E	SAP Band F	SAP Band G	SAP Band E	SAP Band F	SAP Band G
Mains Gas boiler	615	40%	152,328 (95%)	7,924 (5%)	340 (0%)	123,219 (77%)	36,500 (23%)	872 (1%)
Mains gas room heater	20	2%	4,625 (73%)	1,710 (27%)	0 (0%)	2,891 (46%)	3,444 (54%)	0 (0%)
Mains gas warm air	7	0%	1,919 (100%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1,919 (100%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
LPG boiler	74	4%	4,382 (26%)	7,589 (45%)	4,880 (29%)	5,589 (33%)	5,904 (35%)	5,358 (32%)
Oil boiler	423	19%	58,829 (76%)	18,726 (24%)	278 (0%)	26,545 (34%)	44,263 (57%)	7,025 (9%)
Oil warm air	2	0%	193 (100%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	193 (100%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
Solid fuel boiler	61	3%	5,910 (53%)	4,312 (38%)	1,014 (9%)	4,577 (41%)	5,646 (50%)	1,013 (9%)
Solid fuel room heater	16	1%	1,027 (30%)	1,616 (47%)	808 (23%)	1,334 (39%)	644 (19%)	1,473 (43%)
Wood boiler	13	1%	2,089 (78%)	599 (22%)	0 (0%)	1,164 (43%)	965 (36%)	559 (21%)
Wood room heater	5	0%	149 (12%)	808 (64%)	299 (24%)	0 (0%)	339 (27%)	918 (73%)
Electric peak boiler	13	1%	448 (12%)	2,272 (59%)	1,102 (29%)	1,465 (38%)	1,255 (33%)	1,102 (29%)
Electric peak room heater	86	6%	8,419 (33%)	9,766 (38%)	7,184 (28%)	10,957 (43%)	6,109 (24%)	8,301 (33%)
Electric peak Heat Pump	1	0%	43 (100%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	43 (100%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
Off peak Electric boiler	19	1%	3,459 (80%)	888 (20%)	0 (0%)	2,247 (52%)	1,483 (34%)	617 (14%)
Off peak Electric warm air	4	0%	417 (44%)	540 (56%)	0 (0%)	957 (100%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
Off peak Electric Heat pump	1	0%	0 (0%)	47 (100%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	47 (100%)	0 (0%)
Off Peak Electric storage heating	421	21%	61,009 (74%)	19,557 (24%)	2,291 (3%)	45,986 (55%)	34,434 (42%)	2,438 (3%)
Community Heating	5	0%	756 (100%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	756 (100%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
Total	1786	100%	306,000 (76%)	76,353 (19%)	18,195 (5%)	229,840 (57%)	141,032 (35%)	29,676 (7%)

Additional tables on individual measures

Table A8.5 Number of measures modelled (possible to implement) by rurality, tenure and EPC banding.

	Rurality				Tenure				EPC banding
	Rural		Urban		Owner-occupied		Private Rented		G		F		E
	N	%age	N	%age	N	%age	N	%age	N	%age	N	%age	N	%age
M1: Loft Insulation, Including Top Up	130,775	78%	169,894	73%	246,924	76%	53,745	69%	24,892	84%	112,885	80%	162,893	71%
M2: Flat Roof Insulation	24,959	15%	21,659	9%	32,027	10%	14,590	19%	6,084	21%	25,929	18%	14,605	6%
M3: Room In The Roof Insulation	60,737	36%	57,334	25%	99,730	31%	18,342	24%	9,834	33%	64,211	46%	44,026	19%
M4: Cavity Wall Insulation	67,672	41%	114,625	49%	153,311	47%	28,986	37%	12,444	42%	71,904	51%	97,948	43%
M5: Solid Wall Insulation	107,781	65%	121,980	52%	175,795	54%	53,967	69%	24,937	84%	97,847	69%	106,978	47%
M6: Floor Insulation	159,008	95%	185,764	80%	290,077	90%	54,695	70%	25,918	87%	129,819	92%	189,034	82%
M7: Double Glazing To 1.8	38,095	23%	65,425	28%	73,642	23%	29,878	38%	13,567	46%	48,066	34%	41,887	18%
M8: Secondary Glazing To 2.4	37,212	22%	62,058	27%	71,970	22%	27,300	35%	9,928	33%	48,804	35%	40,538	18%
M9: Triple Glazing To 1.4	136,825	82%	177,913	76%	247,054	77%	67,684	87%	26,667	90%	118,889	84%	169,183	74%
M10: Insulated External Doors	165,332	99%	232,024	99%	320,235	99%	77,121	99%	29,459	99%	140,957	100%	226,940	99%
M11: Hot Water Tank Jacket 80Mm	85,771	51%	130,311	56%	171,920	53%	44,162	57%	19,437	65%	83,709	59%	112,937	49%
M12: Draughtproof windows & doors	137,864	83%	178,210	76%	249,715	77%	66,358	85%	26,667	90%	119,461	85%	169,945	74%
M13: Baffle / Damper To Open Fire	100,242	60%	81,466	35%	148,504	46%	33,204	43%	11,456	39%	83,408	59%	86,843	38%
M14: Replace Gas Boiler With Condensing Boiler 88%	16,101	10%	125,758	54%	125,057	39%	16,803	22%	872	3%	32,369	23%	108,618	47%
M15: Replace Oil/LPG Boiler to 90%	66,033	40%	5,483	2%	55,337	17%	16,178	21%	10,696	36%	41,652	30%	19,168	8%
M16: Full Gas CH System inc controls	1,889	1%	12,485	5%	8,922	3%	5,452	7%	1,417	5%	5,049	4%	7,908	3%
M17: Full Oil/LPG CH System inc Controls	7,691	5%	581	0%	4,877	2%	3,396	4%	3,001	10%	4,671	3%	601	0%
M18: Full Biomass Central Heating System Inc Controls	13,008	8%	1,972	1%	9,848	3%	5,132	7%	3,709	12%	7,239	5%	4,031	2%
M19: Fan Elec Storage Heaters With Auto Charge Control	47,056	28%	68,145	29%	83,136	26%	32,065	41%	14,589	49%	41,898	30%	58,715	26%
M20: Quantum Storage Heaters	48,651	29%	70,783	30%	85,789	27%	33,645	43%	14,589	49%	43,863	31%	60,983	27%
M21: Full Elec Radiator System Inc Controls - Off Peak	339	0%	2,074	1%	1,257	0%	1,155	1%	0	0%	1,572	1%	840	0%
M22: Air Source Heat Pump	5,594	3%	5,291	2%	8,568	3%	2,318	3%	3,034	10%	5,561	4%	2,291	1%
M23: Ground Source Heat Pump	7,529	5%	3,271	1%	7,417	2%	3,383	4%	2,921	10%	5,156	4%	2,722	1%
M24: Room Thermostat	67,227	40%	80,159	34%	124,133	38%	23,253	30%	11,140	38%	47,932	34%	88,314	38%
M25: Programmer For Heating System	4,070	2%	2,131	1%	3,053	1%	3,148	4%	775	3%	3,899	3%	1,527	1%
M26: Trvs	15,911	10%	41,189	18%	49,813	15%	7,288	9%	5,494	19%	19,018	13%	32,588	14%
M27: Full Controls Package	12,477	7%	3,228	1%	10,748	3%	4,956	6%	3,889	13%	7,813	6%	4,004	2%
M28: Auto Charge Control	11,547	7%	18,084	8%	22,876	7%	6,755	9%	1,203	4%	11,787	8%	16,641	7%
M29: Solar Thermal 4m2	119,468	72%	127,200	54%	202,969	63%	43,698	56%	19,318	65%	102,014	72%	125,335	55%
M30: Pv 2Kwp	122,627	73%	133,047	57%	210,219	65%	45,455	58%	19,318	65%	104,326	74%	132,030	57%
M31: 2M Diameter Wind Turbine On Roof	161,270	97%	185,038	79%	291,220	90%	55,087	71%	25,630	86%	127,771	91%	192,907	84%
M32: 5M Wind Turbine On Stand-Alone Mast	160,023	96%	166,228	71%	276,403	86%	49,849	64%	23,769	80%	124,327	88%	178,156	78%
M33: Low Energy Lighting 100%	140,075	84%	215,967	92%	288,755	89%	67,287	87%	25,373	85%	120,698	86%	209,972	91%
M34: Cylinder Stat for HW Cylinder	34,058	20%	23,189	10%	47,290	15%	9,957	13%	6,883	23%	28,812	20%	21,553	9%
M35: Air To Air Heat Pump	44,038	26%	66,925	29%	78,723	24%	32,240	41%	11,639	39%	41,201	29%	58,124	25%
M36: Replace Secondary Heating With One More Efficient	61,424	37%	35,133	15%	74,075	23%	22,482	29%	11,232	38%	53,359	38%	31,966	14%
M37: Elec CPSU With Radiators And Controls On E18 Tariff	1,941	1%	0	0%	1,620	1%	321	0%	1,941	7%	0	0%	0	0%
M38: Switch Electricity Tariff	14,621	9%	24,093	10%	29,534	9%	9,181	12%	2,340	8%	7,577	5%	28,796	13%

Table A8.6 Summary of individual measures

	Mean change in SAP	Mean change in annual fuel costs	Mean change in CO2e	Mean change in Primary Energy	Mean change in Delivered Energy	Mean capital costs	Cost per SAP point increase	Cost per fuel savings (pay back)	CO2e saved per £	PE saved per £	DE saved per £	Dwellings modelled
M11: Hot Water Tank Jacket 80Mm	1.2	£31	159	790	425	£23	£19	1	7.1	35.1	18.9	216,082
M33: Low Energy Lighting 100%	1.0	£29	94	630	109	£32	£33	1	2.9	19.5	3.4	356,043
M38: Switch Electricity Tariff	5.6	£148	257	1,628	469	£200	£36	1	1.3	8.1	2.3	38,714
M1: Loft Insulation, inc Top Up	5.3	£165	1,003	5,143	3,587	£350	£66	2	2.9	14.7	10.3	300,669
M26: Trvs	2.4	£82	508	2,432	2,030	£175	£74	2	2.9	13.9	11.6	57,100
M27: Full Controls Package	4.1	£187	1,067	4,116	3,501	£402	£97	2	2.7	10.2	8.7	15,705
M24: Room Thermostat	2.4	£79	444	2,246	1,767	£200	£85	3	2.2	11.2	8.8	147,386
M36: Replace Secondary Heating With One More Efficient	5.2	£185	1,485	5,346	4,476	£481	£93	3	3.1	11.1	9.3	96,558
M13: Baffle / Damper To Open Fire	.9	£29	187	916	634	£85	£94	3	2.2	10.8	7.5	181,708
M34: Cylinder Stat For Hot Water Cylinder	2.1	£69	373	1,801	1,557	£300	£146	4	1.2	6.0	5.2	57,247
M3: Room In The Roof Insulation	13.0	£454	2,778	13,767	10,266	£2,100	£162	5	1.3	6.6	4.9	118,072
M19: Fan Elec Storage Heaters With Auto Charge Control	8.3	£220	85	-538	695	£1,180	£142	5	.1	-.5	.6	115,201
M4: Cavity Wall Insulation	6.6	£183	1,160	5,812	3,934	£1,000	£153	5	1.2	5.8	3.9	182,296
M28: Auto Charge Control	1.2	£34	259	1,512	506	£200	£173	6	1.3	7.6	2.5	29,631
M20: Quantum Storage Heaters	14.0	£359	1,263	6,243	2,997	£2,380	£170	7	.5	2.6	1.3	119,434
M12: Draughtproof Windows And Doors	.5	£15	89	479	313	£100	£216	7	.9	4.8	3.1	316,074
M37: Elec CPSU With Radiators And Controls On E18 Tariff	17.0	£569	-3,537	-29,226	6,442	£5,000	£294	9	-.7	-5.8	1.3	1,941
M16: Full Gas Central Heating System Inc Controls	26.2	£565	2,782	16,247	1,937	£5,000	£191	9	.6	3.2	.4	14,374
M15: Replace Oil/LPG Boiler to 90%	7.4	£286	1,401	5,496	4,815	£2,600	£350	9	.5	2.1	1.9	71,515
M17: Full Oil/LPG Central Heating System Inc Controls	15.1	£466	2,844	17,016	17,679	£5,000	£332	11	.6	3.4	3.5	8,273
M14: Replace Gas Boiler With Condensing Boiler 88%	8.3	£236	1,483	8,243	6,760	£2,600	£313	11	.6	3.2	2.6	141,859
M21: Full Elec Radiator System Inc Controls - Off Peak	10.3	£227	169	1,001	330	£2,600	£252	11	.1	.4	.1	2,412
M6: Floor Insulation	2.8	£87	542	2,736	1,754	£1,000	£351	11	.5	2.7	1.8	344,772
M2: Flat Roof Insulation	2.8	£87	577	2,770	1,750	£1,175	£413	14	.5	2.4	1.5	46,617
M35: Air To Air Heat Pump	11.9	£297	3,747	20,942	7,901	£4,500	£377	15	.8	4.7	1.8	110,963
M8: Secondary Glazing To 2.4	2.3	£79	452	2,281	1,674	£1,250	£545	16	.4	1.8	1.3	99,270
M25: Programmer For Heating System	.2	£11	3,402	17,407	10,516	£200	£958	18	.3	1.9	1.6	10,886
M22: Air Source Heat Pump	14.2	£444	69	388	318	£8,000	£564	18	.4	2.2	1.3	6,201
M23: Ground Source Heat Pump	19.2	£545	4,623	20,481	24,976	£13,000	£677	24	.4	1.6	1.9	10,800
M18: Full Biomass Central Heating System Inc Controls	11.3	£367	7,367	10,942	14,730	£10,000	£884	27	.7	1.1	1.5	14,979
M5: Solid Wall Insulation	9.6	£307	1,894	9,318	6,644	£9,000	£935	29	.2	1.0	.7	229,762
M10: Insulated External Doors	.9	£26	162	846	514	£908	£998	35	.2	.9	.6	397,356
M32: 5M Wind Turbine On Stand-Alone Mast	14.9	£419	1,629	9,636	3,139	£20,000	£1,343	48	.1	.5	.2	326,251
M31: 2M Diameter Wind Turbine On Roof	1.7	£50	193	1,144	373	£2,750	£1,639	55	.1	.4	.1	346,307
M29: Solar Thermal 4M2	2.9	£88	444	2,205	1,580	£5,000	£1,712	57	.1	.4	.3	246,667
M7: Double Glazing To 1.8	2.4	£84	478	2,399	1,718	£4,900	£2,002	58	.1	.5	.4	103,520
M30: Pv 2Kwp	6.4	£181	710	4,197	1,367	£11,500	£1,808	63	.1	.4	.1	255,674
M9: Triple Glazing To 1.4	2.0	£61	374	1,924	1,238	£7,500	£3,814	123	.0	.3	.2	314,738

Table A8.7: Measures included in packages for each scenario by tenure (Scenarios 1 to 4).

	Scenario 1				Scenario 2				Scenario 3				Scenario 4
	All dwellings to reach Band F				All dwellings to reach Band E				All dwellings to reach Band D				ALL dwellings to improve 1 band
	OO		PRS		OO		PRS		OO		PRS		OO		PRS
	%	Total	%	Total	%	Total	%	Total	%	Total	%	Total	%	Total	%	Total
Base (Total dwellings improved)		17,776		11,900		128,680		42,028		322,838		77,710		322,838		77,710
M1: Loft Insulation, Including Top Up	57%	10,074	70%	8,301	41%	52,174	53%	22,195	39%	125,049	41%	32,207	32%	104,870	37%	28,510
M2: Flat Roof Insulation	0%	0	0%	0	1%	1,010	1%	570	2%	6,231	1%	1,129	1%	3,445	1%	612
M3: Room In The Roof Insulation	0%	0	0%	0	8%	10,602	15%	6,212	18%	56,965	18%	14,110	5%	15,770	4%	2,952
M4: Cavity Wall Insulation	11%	2,009	5%	641	15%	19,860	11%	4,751	26%	82,685	26%	20,565	17%	56,317	10%	7,533
M5: Solid Wall Insulation	0%	0	0%	0	1%	910	1%	271	7%	21,198	11%	8,362	1%	3,076	1%	462
M6: Floor Insulation	8%	1,410	2%	222	6%	7,346	5%	1,917	21%	67,205	27%	20,601	9%	29,303	7%	5,679
M7: Double Glazing To 1.8	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	1%	2,113	1%	588	0%	0	0%	0
M8: Secondary Glazing To 2.4	0%	0	0%	0	0%	208	1%	230	1%	3,473	4%	3,031	1%	1,630	1%	618
M10: Insulated External Doors	0%	0	0%	0	1%	1,334	1%	270	3%	8,978	3%	2,218	2%	5,129	2%	1,387
M11: Hot Water Tank Jacket 80Mm	15%	2,639	17%	2,012	14%	17,474	10%	4,309	22%	70,013	23%	18,166	16%	51,520	14%	10,887
M12: Draughtproof Windows And Doors	0%	0	0%	0	4%	5,575	5%	1,918	5%	15,660	6%	4,614	3%	9,864	5%	3,754
M13: Baffle / Damper To Open Fire	0%	0	0%	0	3%	3,442	5%	1,970	6%	19,872	3%	2,343	5%	15,986	4%	3,183
M14: Replace With Conden Boiler 88%	0%	0	0%	0	3%	3,925	1%	595	8%	24,494	2%	1,434	4%	11,867	1%	783
M15: Replace Oil/LPG Boiler to 90%	4%	769	2%	234	6%	8,306	4%	1,740	7%	21,912	9%	6,654	2%	8,004	2%	1,726
M16: Full Gas CH System Inc Controls	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	1,509	0%	195	0%	0	0%	0
M17: Full Oil/LPG CH System Inc Controls	0%	39	0%	37	1%	1,285	1%	517	1%	3,015	3%	2,297	0%	742	0%	37
M18: Full Biomass CH System Inc Con	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	41	0%	0	0%	41	0%	0	0%	0
M19: Fan Elec Storage H With ACC	11%	1,905	8%	973	8%	10,769	14%	5,772	4%	13,178	8%	6,033	3%	9,493	8%	5,849
M20: Quantum Storage Heaters	0%	0	0%	0	3%	3,881	9%	3,799	8%	26,082	17%	13,209	3%	8,860	6%	4,824
M24: Room Thermostat	18%	3,135	11%	1,322	7%	9,532	8%	3,466	15%	49,314	12%	9,049	11%	36,919	6%	4,833
M26: TRVs	5%	943	2%	181	1%	1,713	3%	1,268	6%	20,905	5%	3,959	5%	15,216	4%	3,154
M27: Full Controls Package	0%	0	0%	0	2%	3,214	1%	312	1%	3,756	1%	1,061	1%	2,681	0%	312
M28: Auto Charge Control	0%	0	0%	0	1%	1,490	1%	534	1%	3,975	1%	963	2%	5,465	1%	982
M29: Solar Thermal 4m2	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	1%	3,123	0%	222	0%	0	0%	0
M31: 2m Wind Turbine on Roof	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	495	1%	791	0%	495	1%	791
M33: Low Energy Lighting 100%	4%	718	2%	231	17%	21,770	9%	3,726	35%	111,908	31%	23,754	27%	86,946	18%	14,364
M34: Cylinder Stat For HW Cylinder	4%	708	0%	0	2%	2,791	0%	0	4%	14,257	4%	3,032	3%	9,418	1%	632
M36: Replace Sec Heating	11%	2,014	4%	523	12%	15,439	15%	6,262	17%	53,911	21%	16,362	10%	31,470	9%	6,742
M38: Switch Electricity Tariff	1%	185	4%	426	1%	1,668	3%	1,210	3%	9,736	5%	3,664	3%	11,087	6%	4,951

Table A8.8: Measures included in package for each scenario by base EPC band (Scenarios 2 to 4).

	Scenario 2				Scenario 3						Scenario 4
	All dwellings to reach Band E				All dwellings to reach Band D						ALL EFG dwellings to improve one band
	From G		From F		From G		From F		From E		G to F		F to E		E to D
	%	Total	%	Total	%	Total	%	Total	%	Total	%	Total	%	Total	%	Total
Base (Total dwellings improved)		29,676		141,032		29,676		141,032		229,840		29,676		141,032		229,840
M1: Loft Insulation, Including Top Up	63%	18,560	40%	55,808	67%	19,920	55%	78,139	26%	59,196	62%	18,375	40%	55,808	40%	90,951
M2: Flat Roof Insulation	0%	0	1%	1,579	0%	0	3%	4,882	1%	2,478	0%	0	1%	1,579	1%	2,574
M3: Room In The Roof Insulation	33%	9,702	5%	7,112	32%	9,535	35%	49,930	5%	11,610	0%	0	5%	7,112	5%	11,591
M4: Cavity Wall Insulation	14%	4,142	15%	20,469	35%	10,531	37%	51,988	18%	40,731	9%	2,649	15%	20,469	15%	33,359
M5: Solid Wall Insulation	4%	1,181	0%	0	35%	10,275	11%	15,748	2%	3,538	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0
M6: Floor Insulation	9%	2,646	5%	6,617	63%	18,722	30%	42,350	12%	26,734	5%	1,632	5%	6,617	5%	10,783
M7: Double Glazing To 1.8	0%	0	0%	0	9%	2,701	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0
M8: Secondary Glazing To 2.4	1%	208	0%	230	8%	2,343	2%	2,142	1%	2,018	0%	0	0%	230	0%	375
M10: Insulated External Doors	0%	0	1%	1,604	8%	2,476	3%	3,808	2%	4,912	0%	0	1%	1,604	1%	2,614
M11: Hot Water Tank Jacket 80Mm	22%	6,433	11%	15,351	29%	8,495	26%	37,280	18%	42,404	16%	4,651	11%	15,351	11%	25,017
M12: Draughtproof Winds & Doors	7%	1,941	4%	5,551	4%	1,194	8%	11,014	4%	8,067	0%	0	4%	5,551	4%	9,047
M13: Baffle / Damper To Open Fire	0%	0	4%	5,412	4%	1,068	5%	7,390	6%	13,757	0%	0	4%	5,412	4%	8,820
M14: Replace with Cond Boiler 88%	3%	872	3%	3,648	3%	872	11%	16,053	4%	9,003	0%	0	3%	3,648	3%	5,944
M15: Replace Oil/LPG Boiler to 90%	18%	5,424	3%	4,622	21%	6,124	13%	18,336	2%	4,106	3%	1,002	3%	4,622	3%	7,532
M16: Full Gas CH System Inc Controls	0%	0	0%	0	2%	702	1%	1,002	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0
M17: Full Oil/LPG CH System Inc Controls	4%	1,099	0%	704	9%	2,784	2%	2,528	0%	0	0%	76	0%	704	0%	1,147
M18: Full Biomass CH System Inc Con	0%	41	0%	0	0%	41	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0
M19: Fan Elec Storage H With ACC	34%	10,105	5%	6,436	6%	1,817	8%	11,365	3%	6,029	10%	2,878	5%	6,436	5%	10,489
M20: Quantum Storage Heaters	10%	2,850	3%	4,830	41%	12,069	13%	18,368	4%	8,854	0%	0	3%	4,830	3%	7,871
M24: Room Thermostat	15%	4,373	6%	8,626	19%	5,652	17%	24,041	12%	28,670	15%	4,457	6%	8,626	6%	14,057
M26: TRVs	2%	539	2%	2,442	3%	931	6%	9,128	6%	14,805	4%	1,124	2%	2,442	2%	3,979
M27: Full Controls Package	2%	532	2%	2,994	9%	2,575	2%	2,241	0%	0	0%	0	2%	2,994	2%	4,879
M28: Auto Charge Control	0%	0	1%	2,024	0%	0	0%	515	2%	4,424	0%	0	1%	2,024	1%	3,298
M29: Solar Thermal 4m2	0%	0	0%	0	9%	2,612	1%	733	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0
M31: 2m Wind Turbine on Roof	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	1%	1,287	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0
M33: Low Energy Lighting 100%	7%	2,181	17%	23,315	49%	14,508	31%	44,108	34%	77,046	3%	949	17%	23,315	17%	37,996
M34: Cylinder Stat For HW Cylinder	3%	827	1%	1,964	4%	1,058	6%	8,851	3%	7,379	2%	708	1%	1,964	1%	3,200
M36: Replace Sec Heating	17%	5,001	12%	16,700	27%	8,133	31%	43,165	8%	18,975	9%	2,537	12%	16,700	12%	27,215
M38: Switch Electricity Tariff	0%	0	2%	2,878	0%	0	1%	851	5%	12,549	2%	611	2%	2,878	2%	4,690

Table A8.9: Measures included in packages for each scenario by rurality (Scenarios 1 to 4).

	Scenario 1				Scenario 2				Scenario 3				Scenario 4
	All dwellings to reach Band F				All dwellings to reach Band E				All dwellings to reach Band D				ALL dwellings to improve one band
	Rural		Urban		Rural		Urban		Rural		Urban		Rural		Urban
	%age	Total	%age	Total	%age	Total	%age	Total	%age	Total	%age	Total	%age	Total	%age	Total
Base (Total dwellings improved)		19,910		9,767		100,909		69,799		167,057		233,491		167,057		233,491
M1: Loft Insulation, Including Top Up	64%	12,703	58%	5,672	40%	40,600	48%	33,769	43%	72,050	36%	85,206	37%	61,150	31%	72,230
M2: Flat Roof Insulation	0%	0	0%	0	0%	350	2%	1,229	2%	3,750	2%	3,610	1%	1,553	1%	2,504
M3: Room In The Roof Insulation	0%	0	0%	0	15%	15,240	2%	1,574	28%	46,739	10%	24,337	6%	9,988	4%	8,734
M4: Cavity Wall Insulation	9%	1,756	9%	893	16%	15,844	13%	8,767	28%	46,981	24%	56,269	14%	23,026	17%	40,823
M5: Solid Wall Insulation	0%	0	0%	0	1%	1,181	0%	0	14%	23,160	3%	6,400	1%	2,433	0%	1,105
M6: Floor Insulation	8%	1,632	0%	0	9%	8,761	1%	502	40%	66,675	9%	21,131	15%	24,523	4%	10,460
M7: Double Glazing To 1.8	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	356	1%	2,345	0%	0	0%	0
M8: Secondary Glazing To 2.4	0%	0	0%	0	0%	399	0%	40	2%	3,922	1%	2,582	0%	230	1%	2,018
M10: Insulated External Doors	0%	0	0%	0	2%	1,604	0%	0	5%	7,930	1%	3,265	2%	3,475	1%	3,041
M11: Hot Water Tank Jacket 80Mm	13%	2,626	21%	2,026	11%	11,142	15%	10,642	22%	36,192	22%	51,987	13%	21,385	18%	41,022
M12: Draughtproof Windows And Doors	0%	0	0%	0	4%	4,200	5%	3,292	6%	9,784	4%	10,490	2%	3,550	4%	10,068
M13: Baffle / Damper To Open Fire	0%	0	0%	0	5%	5,049	1%	363	5%	8,755	6%	13,459	5%	7,871	5%	11,298
M14: Replace With Conden Boiler 88%	0%	0	0%	0	1%	1,406	4%	3,113	3%	5,051	9%	20,877	1%	2,068	5%	10,582
M15: Replace Oil/LPG Boiler to 90%	5%	1,002	0%	0	9%	9,369	1%	678	16%	26,364	1%	2,203	5%	8,942	0%	788
M16: Full Gas CH System Inc Controls	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	507	1%	1,197	0%	0	0%	0
M17: Full Oil/LPG CH System Inc Controls	0%	76	0%	0	2%	1,613	0%	190	3%	4,768	0%	544	0%	590	0%	190
M18: Full Biomass CH System Inc Con	0%	0	0%	0	0%	41	0%	0	0%	41	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0
M19: Fan Elec Storage H With ACC	1%	187	28%	2,690	6%	6,510	14%	10,031	3%	5,417	6%	13,794	2%	4,076	5%	11,266
M20: Quantum Storage Heaters	0%	0	0%	0	5%	5,250	3%	2,430	13%	20,907	8%	18,384	4%	6,472	3%	7,211
M24: Room Thermostat	22%	4,423	0%	34	10%	10,258	4%	2,740	21%	35,432	10%	22,931	12%	20,211	9%	21,542
M26: TRVs	1%	217	9%	907	1%	1,394	2%	1,586	6%	9,384	7%	15,480	4%	6,295	5%	12,075
M27: Full Controls Package	0%	0	0%	0	3%	2,994	1%	532	2%	3,603	1%	1,214	2%	2,994	0%	0
M28: Auto Charge Control	0%	0	0%	0	0%	173	3%	1,851	1%	2,421	1%	2,518	1%	2,078	2%	4,369
M29: Solar Thermal 4m2	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	2%	2,971	0%	375	0%	0	0%	0
M31: 2m Wind Turbine on Roof	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	1%	1,287	0%	0	1%	1,287
M33: Low Energy Lighting 100%	1%	199	8%	750	15%	15,580	14%	9,916	30%	50,940	36%	84,722	20%	33,528	29%	67,782
M34: Cylinder Stat For HW Cylinder	4%	708	0%	0	2%	1,602	2%	1,189	8%	12,807	2%	4,482	4%	6,086	2%	3,964
M36: Replace Sec Heating	13%	2,537	0%	0	17%	17,551	6%	4,149	29%	48,391	9%	21,882	16%	27,042	5%	11,170
M38: Switch Electricity Tariff	1%	185	4%	426	2%	1,841	1%	1,037	3%	5,147	4%	8,253	4%	6,571	4%	9,467

Additional tables on scenarios by turnover rates, tenure, and rurality.

Table A8.10: Progress towards Scenario 1 - all dwellings to reach F - based on estimated turnover rates.

	After Year 1	After Year 2	After Year 3	After Year 5	After Year 10	After Year 20	After Year 30	All Dwellings
Number of dwellings improved	4,520	6,476	8,104	10,550	14,792	21,554	25,431	29,676
%age carried out	15%	22%	27%	36%	50%	73%	86%	100%
Number carried out among OO	569	907	1,546	2,791	5,582	10,772	14,114	17,776
%age carried out among OO	3%	5%	9%	16%	31%	61%	79%	100%
Number carried out among PRS	3,951	5,569	6,557	7,759	9,211	10,782	11,317	11,900
%age carried out among PRS	33%	47%	55%	65%	77%	91%	95%	100%
Number carried out in rural areas	2,849	4,089	5,153	6,775	9,643	14,277	16,966	19,910
%age carried out in rural areas	14%	21%	26%	34%	48%	72%	85%	100%
Number carried out in urban areas	1,671	2,387	2,951	3,775	5,150	7,277	8,466	9,767
%age carried out in urban areas	17%	24%	30%	39%	53%	75%	87%	100%
Overall capital cost	£2.4 m	£3.4 m	£4.4 m	£5.9 m	£8.6 m	£13.1 m	£15.7 m	£18.6 m
Overall reduction in annual fuel costs	£2.4 m	£3.5 m	£4.4 m	£5.7 m	£8.0 m	£11.7 m	£13.8 m	£16.1 m
Overall reduction in annual CO2e (thousand tons)	9.8 k tons	14. k tons	17.4 k tons	22.6 k tons	31.6 k tons	45.7 k tons	53.8 k tons	62.7 k tons
Overall reduction in Delivered Energy (kWh pa)	31.64 m	45.31 m	56.6 m	73.5 m	102.65 m	148.93 m	175.38 m	204.33 m
Overall reduction in Primary Energy (kWh pa)	48.14 m	68.9 m	85.93 m	111.31 m	154.89 m	223.8 m	263.06 m	306.04 m
Average SAP point increase among improved dwellings	14.7	14.7	14.6	14.4	14.2	13.9	13.8	13.7

Table A8.11: Progress towards Scenario 2 - all dwellings to reach E - based on estimated turnover rates.

	After Year 1	After Year 2	After Year 3	After Year 5	After Year 10	After Year 20	After Year 30	All Dwellings
Number of dwellings improved	18,071	26,232	34,353	47,605	72,935	116,057	142,140	170,708
%age carried out	11%	15%	20%	28%	43%	68%	83%	100%
Number carried out among OO	4,118	6,563	11,195	20,203	40,405	77,980	102,172	128,680
%age carried out among OO	3%	5%	9%	16%	31%	61%	79%	100%
Number carried out among PRS	13,953	19,669	23,157	27,402	32,530	38,077	39,969	42,028
%age carried out among PRS	33%	47%	55%	65%	77%	91%	95%	100%
Number carried out in rural areas	11,171	16,186	21,063	28,948	43,864	69,093	84,278	100,909
%age carried out in rural areas	11%	16%	21%	29%	43%	68%	84%	100%
Number carried out in urban areas	6,900	10,046	13,289	18,657	29,071	46,964	57,862	69,799
%age carried out in urban areas	10%	14%	19%	27%	42%	67%	83%	100%
Number carried out in EPC Band G	4,520	6,476	8,104	10,550	14,792	21,554	25,431	29,676
%age carried out in EPC Band G	15%	22%	27%	36%	50%	73%	86%	100%
Number carried out in EPC Band F	13,551	19,756	26,249	37,055	58,143	94,503	116,709	141,032
%age carried out in EPC Band F	10%	14%	19%	26%	41%	67%	83%	100%
Overall capital cost	£23.8 m	£34.4 m	£44.7 m	£61.2 m	£92.2 m	£144.5 m	£175.9 m	£210.2 m
Overall reduction in annual fuel costs	£9.2 m	£13.3 m	£17.2 m	£23.4 m	£35.0 m	£54.5 m	£66.2 m	£79.0 m
Overall reduction in annual CO2e (thousand tons)	41.9 k tons	60.5 k tons	78.3 k tons	106.7 k tons	160. k tons	249.5 k tons	303. k tons	361.7 k tons
Overall reduction in Delivered Energy (kWh pa)	142 m	206 m	267 m	367 m	555 m	873 m	1064 m	1273 m
Overall reduction in Primary Energy (kWh pa)	197 m	284 m	368 m	501 m	749 m	1166 m	1416 m	1689 m
Average SAP point increase among improved dwellings	15.7	15.6	15.3	14.9	14.3	13.8	13.6	13.4

Table A8.12: Progress towards Scenario 3 - all dwellings to reach D - based on estimated turnover rates.

	After Year 1	After Year 2	After Year 3	After Year 5	After Year 10	After Year 20	After Year 30	All Dwellings
Number of dwellings improved	39,227	57,205	75,908	107,699	171,407	278,445	344,620	400,548
%age carried out	10%	14%	19%	27%	43%	70%	86%	100%
Number carried out among OO	11,107	18,018	29,058	52,821	107,584	205,542	269,148	322,838
%age carried out among OO	3%	6%	9%	16%	33%	64%	83%	100%
Number carried out among PRS	28,119	39,187	46,850	54,877	63,823	72,903	75,472	77,710
%age carried out among PRS	36%	50%	60%	71%	82%	94%	97%	100%
Number carried out in rural areas	17,379	25,262	33,212	46,441	72,379	115,934	142,597	167,057
%age carried out in rural areas	10%	15%	20%	28%	43%	69%	85%	100%
Number carried out in urban areas	21,847	31,944	42,696	61,257	99,028	162,511	202,023	233,491
%age carried out in urban areas	9%	14%	18%	26%	42%	70%	87%	100%
Number carried out in EPC Band G	4,520	6,476	8,104	10,550	14,792	21,554	25,431	29,676
%age carried out in EPC Band G	15%	22%	27%	36%	50%	73%	86%	100%
Number carried out in EPC Band F	13,551	19,756	26,249	37,055	58,143	94,503	116,709	141,032
%age carried out in EPC Band F	10%	14%	19%	26%	41%	67%	83%	100%
Number carried out in EPC Band E	21,155	30,973	41,555	60,094	98,472	162,388	202,480	229,840
%age carried out in EPC Band E	9%	13%	18%	26%	43%	71%	88%	100%
Overall capital cost	£113 m	£164 m	£215 m	£299 m	£462 m	£737 m	£905 m	£1070 m
Overall reduction in annual fuel costs	£19.7 m	£28.6 m	£37.7 m	£52.8 m	£82.4 m	£132.4 m	£163.0 m	£193.0 m
Overall reduction in annual CO2e (thousand tons)	103 k tons	150 k tons	199 k tons	281 k tons	442 k tons	715 k tons	883 k tons	1046 k tons
Overall reduction in Delivered Energy (kWh pa)	340 m	497 m	661 m	939 m	1490 m	2430 m	3008 m	3569 m
Overall reduction in Primary Energy (kWh pa)	497 m	725 m	958 m	1351 m	2127 m	3444 m	4251 m	5030 m
Average SAP point increase among improved dwellings	18.1	18.0	17.7	17.3	16.8	16.4	16.2	16.4

Table A8.13: Progress towards Scenario 4 - all EFG dwellings to move up one band - based on estimated turnover.

	After Year 1	After Year 2	After Year 3	After Year 5	After Year 10	After Year 20	After Year 30	All Dwellings
Number of dwellings improved	39,227	57,205	75,908	107,699	171,407	278,445	344,620	400,548
%age carried out	10%	14%	19%	27%	43%	70%	86%	100%
Number carried out among OO	11,107	18,018	29,058	52,821	107,584	205,542	269,148	322,838
%age carried out among OO	3%	6%	9%	16%	33%	64%	83%	100%
Number carried out among PRS	28,119	39,187	46,850	54,877	63,823	72,903	75,472	77,710
%age carried out among PRS	36%	50%	60%	71%	82%	94%	97%	100%
Number carried out in rural areas	17,379	25,262	33,212	46,441	72,379	115,934	142,597	167,057
%age carried out in rural areas	10%	15%	20%	28%	43%	69%	85%	100%
Number carried out in urban areas	21,847	31,944	42,696	61,257	99,028	162,511	202,023	233,491
%age carried out in urban areas	9%	14%	18%	26%	42%	70%	87%	100%
Number carried out in EPC Band G	4,520	6,476	8,104	10,550	14,792	21,554	25,431	29,676
%age carried out in EPC Band G	15%	22%	27%	36%	50%	73%	86%	100%
Number carried out in EPC Band F	13,551	19,756	26,249	37,055	58,143	94,503	116,709	141,032
%age carried out in EPC Band F	10%	14%	19%	26%	41%	67%	83%	100%
Number carried out in EPC Band E	21,155	30,973	41,555	60,094	98,472	162,388	202,480	229,840
%age carried out in EPC Band E	9%	13%	18%	26%	43%	71%	88%	100%
Overall capital cost	£36 m	£53 m	£70 m	£101 m	£163 m	£269 m	£334 m	£388 m
Overall reduction in annual fuel costs	£11.1 m	£16.2 m	£21.4 m	£30.2 m	£47.7 m	£77.1 m	£95.3 m	£111.6 m
Overall reduction in annual CO2e (thousand tons)	58 k tons	85 k tons	112 k tons	160 k tons	256 k tons	417 k tons	517 k tons	606 k tons
Overall reduction in Delivered Energy (kWh pa)	186 m	272 m	364 m	524 m	849 m	1400 m	1742 m	2044 m
Overall reduction in Primary Energy (kWh pa)	283 m	414 m	550 m	784 m	1254 m	2046 m	2537 m	2968 m
Average SAP point increase among improved dwellings	10.1	10.0	9.9	9.8	9.6	9.4	9.4	9.4

Table A8.14: Scenarios by rurality

	Scenario 1		Scenario 2		Scenario 3		Scenario 4
	All dwellings to reach Band F		All dwellings to reach Band E		All dwellings to reach Band D		ALL EFG dwellings to improve one band
	Rural	Urban	Rural	Urban	Rural	Urban	Rural	Urban
Number of dwellings improved	19,910	9,767	100,909	69,799	167,057	233,491	167,057	233,491
Mean SAP base	12.9	11.2	27.8	29.3	35.4	42.3	35.4	42.3
Mean SAP increase	11.4	18.5	13.2	13.8	20.2	13.8	9.5	9.3
Mean EI score base	24.3	23.6	24.3	24.9	28.9	34.9	28.9	34.9
Mean EI score increase	7.3	8.3	7.5	7.7	14.5	10.1	6.9	6.9
Mean capital cost of improvements	£673	£532	£1,523	£811	£4,092	£1,656	£1,166	£828
Overall capital cost of improvements	£13.4 m	£5.2 m	£153.7 m	£56.6 m	£683.6 m	£386.7 m	£194.8 m	£193.3 m
Banded capital cost: %age (n) £0-£200	17% (3,330)	6% (607)	13% (12,678)	12% (8,663)	8% (13,397)	23% (54,681)	18% (29,405)	27% (63,951)
Banded capital cost: %age (n) £201-£500	51% (10,194)	53% (5,202)	28% (28,655)	45% (31,314)	6% (9,335)	19% (43,354)	29% (47,990)	31% (73,343)
Banded capital cost: %age (n) £501-£1,000	15% (2,893)	32% (3,107)	14% (13,875)	16% (11,227)	9% (14,949)	7% (15,238)	18% (30,285)	11% (26,802)
Banded capital cost: %age (n) £1,001-£2,000	12% (2,415)	9% (851)	10% (10,414)	14% (10,103)	10% (17,321)	19% (45,404)	16% (26,132)	17% (39,914)
Banded capital cost: %age (n) £2,001-£5,000	5% (1,002)	0% (-)	32% (32,653)	12% (8,492)	42% (69,452)	27% (63,549)	18% (30,063)	12% (28,111)
Banded capital cost: %age (n) £5,001-£10,000	0% (76)	0% (-)	2% (2,160)	0% (-)	13% (21,861)	3% (7,252)	2% (3,183)	1% (1,369)
Banded capital cost: %age (n) >£10,000	0% (-)	0% (-)	0% (473)	0% (-)	12% (20,743)	2% (4,013)	0% (-)	0% (-)
Mean fuel cost pre improvement	£2,653	£2,077	£2,170	£1,907	£1,896	£1,461	£1,896	£1,461
Mean reduction in fuel costs	£525	£578	£498	£412	£644	£367	£326	£246
Overall fuel cost pre improvement	£52.8m	£20.3m	£218.9 m	£133.1 m	£316.7 m	£341.2 m	£316.7 m	£341.2m
Overall reduction in fuel costs	£10.5 m	£5.6 m	£50.2 m	£28.7 m	£107.6 m	£85.4 m	£54.5 m	£57.1 m
Mean CO2e consumed pre improvement	12,322 kg	8,904 kg	12,166 kg	10,792 kg	10,815 kg	8,248 kg	10,815 kg	8,248 kg
Mean reduction in CO2e consumed	2,366 kg	1,597 kg	2,302 kg	1,854 kg	3,488 kg	1,992 kg	1,770 kg	1,333 kg
Overall CO2e consumed pre improvement	245 k tons	87 k tons	1,228 k tons	753 k tons	1,807 k tons	1,926 k tons	1,807 k tons	1,926 k tons
Overall reduction in CO2e	47.1 k tons	15.6 k tons	232.3 k tons	129.4 k tons	582.7 k tons	463.4 k tons	295.7 k tons	310.1 k tons
Mean Primary Energy consumed pre improvement	58,127	50,737	54,112	59,016	48,797	45,259	48,797	45,259
Mean reduction in PE	11,313	8,274	9,821	10,000	15,165	10,729	7,792	7,159
Overall PE consumed before package	1,157 m	496 m	5,460 m	4,119 m	8,152 m	10,567 m	8,152 m	10,567 m
Overall reduction in PE	225 m	81 m	991 m	698 m	2,533 m	2,497 m	1,302 m	1,666 m
Mean Delivered Energy consumed pre improvement	42,919	23,256	38,170	36,610	33,315	29,523	33,315	29,523
Mean reduction in DE	8,237	4,130	8,361	6,157	11,462	7,107	5,695	4,697
Overall DE consumed before package	854 m	227 m	3,852 m	2,555 m	5,566 m	6,893 m	5,566 m	6,893 m
Overall reduction in DE	164 m	40 m	844 m	430 m	1,915 m	1,654 m	951 m	1,093 m
Median payback period	1.11	.98	2.97	1.61	5.06	3.24	2.59	2.46
Mean payback period	1.28	0.92	3.06	1.97	6.36	4.51	3.58	3.37
Mean capital cost per SAP point increase	£59	£29	£115	£59	£203	£120	£122	£89

Table A8.15: Scenarios by tenure (Owner-occupied compared to Private Rented Sector)

	Scenario 1		Scenario 2		Scenario 3		Scenario 4
	All dwellings to reach Band F		All dwellings to reach Band E		All dwellings to reach Band D		ALL EFG dwellings to improve one band
	OO	PRS	OO	PRS	OO	PRS	OO	PRS
Number of dwellings improved	17,776	11,900	128,680	42,028	322,838	77,710	322,838	77,710
Mean SAP score pre improvement	12.2	12.4	29.4	25.6	40.3	35.8	40.3	35.8
Mean SAP score increase	12.9	15.0	12.4	16.7	15.5	20.2	9.1	10.6
Mean EI score pre improvements	24.0	24.3	25.2	22.7	32.8	30.8	32.8	30.8
Mean EI score increase	6.7	9.1	7.1	9.1	11.6	13.2	6.8	7.0
Mean capital cost of improvements	£710	£502	£1,192	£1,353	£2,538	£3,230	£992	£873
Overall capital cost of improvements	£12.6 m	£6.0 m	£153.4 m	£56.9 m	£819.2 m	£251.0 m	£320.2 m	£67.9 m
Banded capital cost: %age (n) £0-£200	16% (2,931)	8% (1,005)	14% (17,815)	8% (3,526)	17% (54,537)	17% (13,541)	23% (75,284)	23% (18,072)
Banded capital cost: %age (n) £201-£500	39% (6,908)	71% (8,488)	35% (45,234)	35% (14,736)	14% (44,104)	11% (8,585)	29% (92,318)	37% (29,015)
Banded capital cost: %age (n) £501-£1,000	24% (4,312)	14% (1,688)	17% (21,469)	9% (3,633)	7% (24,195)	8% (5,993)	15% (47,379)	12% (9,708)
Banded capital cost: %age (n) £1,001-£2,000	16% (2,817)	4% (449)	10% (12,548)	19% (7,969)	16% (52,447)	13% (10,278)	17% (55,331)	14% (10,715)
Banded capital cost: %age (n) £2,001-£5,000	4% (769)	2% (234)	23% (29,592)	27% (11,553)	34% (109,833)	30% (23,168)	15% (48,794)	12% (9,380)
Banded capital cost: %age (n) £5,001-£10,000	0% (39)	0% (37)	1% (1,820)	1% (340)	6% (20,592)	11% (8,521)	1% (3,733)	1% (819)
Banded capital cost: %age (n) >£10,000	0% (-)	0% (-)	0% (202)	1% (271)	5% (17,131)	10% (7,625)	0% (-)	0% (-)
Mean fuel cost pre improvement	£2,535	£2,357	£2,097	£1,957	£1,656	£1,587	£1,656	£1,587
Mean reduction in fuel costs	£547	£535	£442	£527	£466	£554	£274	£299
Overall fuel cost pre improvement	£45.1 m	£28.0 m	£269.8 m	£82.2 m	£534.5 m	£123.3 m	£534.5 m	£123.3 m
Overall reduction in fuel costs	£9.7 m	£6.4 m	£56.8 m	£22.2 m	£149.9 m	£43.0 m	£88.4 m	£23.2 m
Mean CO2e consumed pre improvement	11,434 kg	10,843 kg	11,807 kg	10,983 kg	9,429 kg	8,861 kg	9,429 kg	8,861 kg
Mean reduction in CO2e consumed	2,075 kg	2,169 kg	2,027 kg	2,401 kg	2,560 kg	2,852 kg	1,516 kg	1,513 kg
Overall CO2e consumed pre improvement	203 k tons	129 k tons	1,519 k tons	462 k tons	3,044 k tons	689 k tons	3,044 k tons	689 k tons
Overall reduction in CO2e	36.9 k tons	25.8 k tons	260.8 k tons	100.9 k tons	824.5 k tons	221.6 k tons	488.2 k tons	117.6 k tons
Mean Primary Energy consumed pre improvement	57,353	53,218	56,874	53,798	47,266	44,525	47,266	44,525
Mean reduction in PE	10,026	10,740	9,430	11,314	12,305	13,734	7,428	7,407
Overall PE consumed before package	1,019 m	633 m	7,319 m	2,261 m	15,259 m	3,460 m	15,259 m	3,460 m
Overall reduction in PE	178 m	128 m	1,214 m	476 m	3,963 m	1,067 m	2,392 m	576 m
Mean Delivered Energy consumed pre improvement	36,863	35,827	38,807	33,630	31,991	27,422	31,991	27,422
Mean reduction in DE	6,788	7,031	7,275	8,024	8,845	9,265	5,209	4,717
Overall DE consumed before package	655 m	426 m	4,994 m	1,413 m	10,328 m	2,131 m	10,328 m	2,131 m
Overall reduction in DE	121 m	84 m	936 m	337 m	2,849 m	720 m	1,678 m	367 m
Median payback period	1.06	.74	2.21	2.39	3.75	3.75	2.56	1.85
Mean payback period	1.30	0.94	2.70	2.57	5.45	5.83	3.61	2.92
Mean capital cost per SAP point increase	£55	£34	£96	£81	£164	£160	£109	£82

Table A8.16: Scenario 2 by EPC band pre-improvements

	Scenario 2
	All dwellings to reach Band E
	Dwellings in EPC band G	Dwellings in EPC band F	All dwellings
Number of dwellings improved	29,676	141,032	170,708
Mean SAP score pre improvement	12.3	31.8	28.5
Mean SAP score increase	29.5	10.0	13.4
Mean EI score pre improvements	24.1	24.7	24.6
Mean EI score increase	11.5	6.7	7.5
Mean capital cost of improvements	£2,863	£888	£1,232
Overall capital cost of improvements	£85.0 m	£125.3 m	£210.2 m
Banded capital cost: %age (n) £0-£200	0% (-)	15% (21,341)	13% (21,341)
Banded capital cost: %age (n) £201-£500	3% (935)	42% (59,035)	35% (59,970)
Banded capital cost: %age (n) £501-£1,000	12% (3,611)	15% (21,491)	15% (25,102)
Banded capital cost: %age (n) £1,001-£2,000	12% (3,504)	12% (17,012)	12% (20,517)
Banded capital cost: %age (n) £2,001-£5,000	64% (18,993)	16% (22,152)	24% (41,145)
Banded capital cost: %age (n) £5,001-£10,000	7% (2,160)	0% (-)	1% (2,160)
Banded capital cost: %age (n) >£10,000	2% (473)	0% (-)	0% (473)
Mean fuel cost pre improvement	£2,464	£1,978	£2,062
Mean reduction in fuel costs (£ per annum)	£1,053	£338	£463
Overall fuel cost pre improvement	£73.1 m	£278.9 m	£352.0 m
Overall reduction in fuel costs	£31.3 m	£47.7 m	£79.0 m
Mean CO2e consumed pre improvement	11,197 kg	11,690 kg	11,604 kg
Mean reduction in CO2e consumed	3,317 kg	1,867 kg	2,119 kg
Overall CO2e consumed pre improvement	332k tons	1,649k tons	1,981k tons
Overall reduction in CO2e	98.4k tons	263k tons	362k tons
Mean Primary Energy consumed pre improvement	55,695	56,206	56,117
Mean reduction in PE (kWh per annum)	14,956	8,829	9,894
Overall PE consumed before package	1,653 m	7,927 m	9,580 m
Overall reduction in PE	444 m	1,245 m	1,689 m
Mean Delivered Energy consumed pre improvement	36,447	37,760	37,532
Mean reduction in DE (kWH per annum)	13,574	6,173	7,460
Overall DE consumed before package	1,082 m	5,325 m	6,407 m
Overall reduction in DE	403 m	871 m	1,273 m
Median payback period	2.72	1.99	2.32
Mean payback period	2.72	2.63	2.66
Mean capital cost per SAP point increase	£97	£88	£92

Table A8.17: Scenario 3 by EPC band before package of improvements

	Scenario 3
	All dwellings to reach Band D
	Dwellings in EPC band G	EPC band F	EPC band E	All Dwellings in EFG
Number of dwellings improved	29,676	141,032	229,840	400,548
Mean SAP score pre improvement	12.3	31.8	47.6	39.4
Mean SAP score increase	43.4	23.8	8.4	16.4
Mean EI score pre improvements	24.1	24.7	38.2	32.4
Mean EI score increase	20.3	18.5	6.9	11.9
Mean capital cost of improvements	£8,430	£4,083	£1,062	£2,672
Overall capital cost of improvements	£250.2 m	£575.9 m	£244.2 m	£1070.2 m
Banded capital cost: %age (n) £0-£200	0% (-)	0% (-)	29% (68,078)	17% (68,078)
Banded capital cost: %age (n) £201-£500	0% (-)	4% (5,787)	21% (46,902)	13% (52,689)
Banded capital cost: %age (n) £501-£1,000	0% (-)	0% (591)	13% (29,597)	8% (30,187)
Banded capital cost: %age (n) £1,001-£2,000	8% (2,472)	10% (14,485)	20% (45,768)	16% (62,725)
Banded capital cost: %age (n) £2,001-£5,000	25% (7,318)	64% (90,662)	15% (35,020)	33% (133,000)
Banded capital cost: %age (n) £5,001-£10,000	26% (7,618)	12% (17,018)	2% (4,477)	7% (29,113)
Banded capital cost: %age (n) >£10,000	41% (12,268)	9% (12,488)	0% (-)	6% (24,756)
Mean fuel cost pre improvement	£2,464	£1,978	£1,331	£1,642
Mean reduction in fuel costs (£ per annum)	£1,398	£735	£209	£483
Overall fuel cost pre improvement	£73.1 m	£278.9 m	£305.8 m	£657.8 m
Overall reduction in fuel costs	£41.5 m	£103.7 m	£47.8 m	£193.0 m
Mean CO2e consumed pre improvement	11,197 kg	11,690 kg	7,622 kg	9,319 kg
Mean reduction in CO2e consumed (kg per year) annum)	5,036 kg	4,374 kg	1,222 kg	2,617 kg
Overall CO2e consumed pre improvement	332 k tons	1,649 k tons	1,752 k tons	3,733 k tons
Overall reduction in CO2e	149 k tons	617 k tons	280 k tons	1046 k tons
Mean Primary Energy consumed pre improvement	55,695	56,206	39,765	46,734
Mean reduction in PE (kWh per annum)	25,267	20,305	6,184	12,583
Overall PE consumed before package	1,653 m	7,927 m	9,140 m	18,719 m
Overall reduction in PE	750 m	2,864 m	1,416 m	5,030 m
Mean Delivered Energy consumed pre improvement	36,447	37,760	26,330	31,104
Mean reduction in DE (kWh per annum)	19,511	14,325	4,232	8,927
Overall DE consumed before package	1,082 m	5,325 m	6,052 m	12,459 m
Overall reduction in DE	579 m	2,020 m	969 m	3,569 m
Median payback period	6.20	4.86	3.08	3.75
Mean payback period	6.03	5.55	5.09	5.54
Mean capital cost per SAP point increase	£194	£171	£126	£163

Table A8.18: Scenario 4 by EPC band before package of improvements

	Scenario 4
	All dwellings to increase one band
	Dwellings in band G	Dwellings in band F	Dwellings in band E	All EFG Dwellings
Number of dwellings improved	29,676	141,032	229,840	400,548
Mean SAP score pre improvement	12.3	31.8	47.6	39.4
Mean SAP score increase	13.7	10.1	8.4	9.4
Mean EI score pre improvements	24.1	24.7	38.2	32.4
Mean EI score increase	7.6	6.7	6.9	6.9
Mean capital cost of improvements	£627	£888	£1,062	£969
Overall capital cost of improvements	£18.6 m	£125.3 m	£244.2 m	£388.1 m
Banded capital cost: %age (n) £0-£200	13% (3,936)	15% (21,341)	30% (68,078)	23% (93,335)
Banded capital cost: %age (n) £201-£500	52% (15,396)	42% (59,035)	20% (46,902)	30% (121,333)
Banded capital cost: %age (n) £501-£1,000	20% (6,000)	15% (21,491)	13% (29,597)	14% (57,087)
Banded capital cost: %age (n) £1,001-£2,000	11% (3,266)	12% (17,012)	20% (45,768)	16% (66,046)
Banded capital cost: %age (n) £2,001-£5,000	3% (1,002)	16% (22,152)	15% (35,020)	15% (58,174)
Banded capital cost: %age (n) £5,001-£10,000	0% (76)	0% (-)	2% (4,477)	1% (4,553)
Banded capital cost: %age (n) >£10,000	0% (-)	0% (-)	0% (-)	0% (-)
Mean fuel cost pre improvement	£2,464	£1,978	£1,331	£1,642
Mean reduction in fuel costs (£ per annum)	£542	£338	£209	£279
Overall fuel cost pre improvement	£73.1 m	£278.9 m	£305.8 m	£657.8 m
Overall reduction in fuel costs	£16.1 m	£47.7 m	£47.8 m	£111.6 m
Mean CO2e consumed pre improvement	11,197 kg	11,690 kg	7,622 kg	9,319 kg
Mean reduction in CO2e consumed (kg per annum)	2,113 kg	1,867 kg	1,222 kg	1,515 kg
Overall CO2e consumed pre improvement	332 k tons	1,649 k tons	1,752 k tons	3,733 k tons
Overall reduction in CO2e	62.7 k tons	263.3 k tons	279.8 k tons	605.8 k tons
Mean Primary Energy consumed pre improvement	55,695	56,206	39,765	46,734
Mean reduction in PE (kWh per annum)	10,313	8,829	6,184	7,424
Overall PE consumed before package	1,653 m	7,927 m	9,140 m	18,719 m
Overall reduction in PE	306 m	1,245 m	1,416 m	2,968 m
Mean Delivered Energy consumed pre improvement	36,447	37,760	26,330	31,104
Mean reduction in DE (kWh per annum)	6,885	6,173	4,232	5,114
Overall DE consumed before package	1,082 m	5,325 m	6,052 m	12,459 m
Overall reduction in DE	204 m	871 m	969 m	2,044 m
Median payback period	1.06	1.99	3.08	2.48
Mean payback period	1.16	2.63	5.09	3.47
Mean capital cost per SAP point increase	£46	£88	£126	£103

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14 Appendix 8: Additional Tables

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