Offshore wind energy: draft sectoral marine plan

Footnotes

1. Committee on Climate Change, Net Zero – The UK's contribution to stopping global warming (May 2019). Available at: https://www.theccc.org.uk/publication/net-zero-the-uks-contribution-to-stopping-global-warming/

2. Scottish Government, Blue Seas Green Energy (March 2011) Available at: https://www2.gov.scot/Topics/marine/marineenergy/wind

3. Further information available here: https://www2.gov.scot/Topics/marine/marineenergy/Planning

4. Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy, Offshore wind Sector Deal (2019). Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/offshore-wind-sector-deal

5. SOWEC has been formed to maximise the benefits to Scotland of deployment of offshore wind in Scottish waters and consists of sub-groups including; developers, skills, clusters, innovation and barriers to deployment/route to market. Further information about SOWEC is available here: https://www.offshorewindscotland.org.uk/sowec/

6. https://consult.gov.scot/energy-and-climate-change-directorate/draft-offshore-wind-policy-statement/

7. Scottish Government, The future of energy in Scotland: Scottish energy strategy (2017). Available at: https://www.gov.scot/publications/scottish-energy-strategy-future-energy-scotland-9781788515276/

8. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Special Report: Global Warming of 1.5C (October 2018). Available at: https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/

9. Committee on Climate Change, Net Zero – The UK's contribution to stopping global warming (May 2019). Available at: https://www.theccc.org.uk/publication/net-zero-the-uks-contribution-to-stopping-global-warming/

10. National Grid Electricity System Operator, Future Energy Scenarios (July 2019). Available at: http://fes.nationalgrid.com/media/1409/fes-2019.pdf

11. National Grid, Electricity Ten Year Statement (2018). Available at: https://www.nationalgrideso.com/insights/electricity-ten-year-statement-etys

12. See further, Roland Berger GmbH, Hybrid Projects: How to reduce costs and space of offshore developments (North Seas Offshore Energy Clusters Study) (December 2018). Available at: https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/59165f6d-802e-11e9-9f05-01aa75ed71a1/language-en?WT.mc_id=Searchresult&WT.ria_c=37085&WT.ria_f=3608&WT.ria_ev=search

13. See further, Crown Estate Scotland, Offshore Generation, Energy Storage & Systems
Feasibility Study (2019). Available at: https://www.crownestatescotland.com/maps-andpublications

14. https://www.gov.scot/publications/scoping-areas-search-study-offshore-wind-energy-scottish-waters-2018/

15. Davies, I. M. and Watret, R. (2011) Scoping Study for Offshore Wind Farm Development in Scottish Waters. Scottish Marine and Freshwater Science Vol 2 No 13. Available at: www.gov.scot/Publications/2011/11/28104658/0

16. https://www2.gov.scot/Topics/marine/marineenergy/Planning/DRLG

17. https://www.gov.scot/publications/scoping-areas-search-study-offshore-wind-energy-scottish-waters-2018/

18. Available here: https://consult.gov.scot/marine-scotland/draft-sectoral-marine-plan-for-offshore-wind/

19. Further detail regarding the cross sectoral Steering Groups is provided in the Statement of Public Participation. Available here: https://consult.gov.scot/marine-scotland/draft-sectoral-marine-plan-for-offshore-wind/

20. Draft Regional Locational Guidance (2019). Available here: http://www.gov.scot/ISBN/9781839603778

21. SEA Directive 2001/42/EC and the Environmental Assessment (Scotland) Act 2005

22. Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2017 (in relation to reserved matters), the Conservation (Natural Habitats, &c.) Regulations 1994 (as amended) and the Offshore Marine Conservation (Natural Habitats, &c.) Regulations 2017.

23. See further, Scottish Government, Sectoral Marine Plan Offshore Wind Scoping Consultation https://www2.gov.scot/Topics/marine/marineenergy/Planning/smp-scoping-consultation

24. See further, Section 6, Scottish Government, Sectoral marine plan for offshore wind energy: context report (June 2018). Available at: https://www.gov.scot/publications/sectoral-marine-plan-offshore-wind-energy-encompassing-deep-water-plan

25. Deutsche Windguard, Capacity Densities of European Offshore Wind Farms (2018). Available at: https://vasab.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/BalticLINes_CapacityDensityStudy_June2018-1.pdf

26. Scottish Renewables, An industry view of the Draft Sectoral Marine Plan for Offshore Wind (December 2018), recommended a 30% MW attrition rate - a higher figure for Scotland given the more challenging conditions here relative to the rest of the UK, particularly regarding water depth, ground conditions and grid charges. This attrition rate reflects reduction in eventual capacity both at a project level (where an entire project ceases to be progressed), and within project (as MW tend to be lost from initial design to construction).

27. To result in a final area of seabed under lease capable of enabling up to 10 GW of generating capacity, the initial area covered by Option Agreement arising from ScotWind Leasing needs to allow for the attrition of capacity (as per 26 above). The initial area needs to offer the flexibility designed into ScotWind Leasing, which allows for Option Agreements areas to be three times the area of the eventual project, to reduce the risk to developers that a viable project may not be identified within an Option Agreement area. Applying these factors alongside the assessment density (5 MW/km²), indicates that an initial area of seabed under option agreement of 8,571.4 km² would be necessary to best enable operational development of up to 10 GW of generating capacity.

28. (June 2018). Available to view here: https://www.gov.scot/publications/sectoral-marine-plan-offshore-wind-energy-encompassing-deep-water-plan-9781788519632/pages/4/

29. For example, the application of Maritime and Coastguard Agency, MGN543 Offshore Renewable Energy Installations Safety Response (February 2016). Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/mgn-543-mf-safety-of-navigation-offshore-renewable-energy-installations-oreis-uk-navigational-practice-safety-and-emergency-response

30. See further, Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) Special Area of Conservation: North Channel, Conservation Objectives and Advice on Operations (March 2019). Available at: http://archive.jncc.gov.uk/pdf/NorthChannel_ConsAdvice.pdf

31. Marine (Scotland) Act 2010, s. 15

32. Scottish Government, Offshore wind, wave and tidal energy applications: consenting and licensing manual (October 2018). Available at: https://www.gov.scot/publications/marine-scotland-consenting-licensing-manual-offshore-wind-wave-tidal-energy-applications/

33. Including, for example, a study updating foraging ranges for key seabird species (prepared as part of The Crown Estate Round 4 'Enabling Actions' programme) and the Marine Ecosystems Research Programme seabird at sea density study.

34. Further information available here: https://www2.gov.scot/Topics/marine/marineenergy/mre/research

35. Draft Regional Locational Guidance (2019). Available here: http://www.gov.scot/ISBN/9781839603778