Education Maintenance Allowances: 2022-23

A Official Statistics Publication for Scotland
These statistics are designated as Official Statistics in accordance with the Statistics and Service Registration Act 2007. They have been produced to high professional standards set out in the Code of Practice for Statistics. 

Further information on Official Statistics is published by the UK Statistics Authority.

Terminology
Learning Agreements superseded Activity Agreements in 2022. The phrase Learning Agreement has been kept in the publication tables when referring to historic data to maintain consistency.

Data sources
For schools and Learning Agreements, the Scottish Government collects the data on EMAs from Local Authorities (the administrators of the EMA payments) and collated by SEEMiS (Scottish Educational Establishment Management Information Systems).

For colleges, the data is collected from the Scottish Funding Council (SFC), who administer, collate and validate the data.

Where analysis refers to institutions rather than schools or colleges, data from both Scottish schools and Scottish colleges have been combined to report on all Scottish institutions.

Coverage
EMA is a means tested payment to young people participating in a school or college, or a Learning Agreement. The data included in this publication cover those who participate in the EMA programme, but not necessarily all of those who were eligible to participate.
 
Although measures are taken within both the school and college data to minimise the chances of more than one record being created for the same student, an element of duplication remains possible where a student moves from school into college in the same academic year. For the 2022-23 data there were around 400 duplicate Scottish Candiate Numbers, around 2%.

Age
The age of recipient refers to their age as at 30th September in the year of study. Although young people cannot receive EMA until they are 16 years old, some are recorded as being 15 for this reason.

Population estimate
The population estimates are based on the National Records of Scotland’s mid-year estimates. For 16-18 year olds, the estimates are obtained by ageing 13 year olds from the appropriate number of years earlier. This approach avoids the estimates being susceptible to changes in net migration (including incoming overseas students) during these ages.

Deprived areas of Scotland 
Analysis of entrants from deprived areas of Scotland is based on the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD).

EMA recipients from the 20% most deprived areas are those whose home address was within one of the 20% lowest ranked areas in Scotland. The SIMD is split into 6,976 small areas called Data Zones, with 20 per cent lowest ranked areas comprising of Data Zones 1 to 1,395. A process of postcode matching was undertaken to identify which Data Zones recipients belong to. In 2021-22, 98.99% of recipients were successfully matched through this process. Those recipients whose postcodes belonged to one of the 20% lowest ranked Data Zones in the SIMD are classified as entrants from deprived areas.

SIMD2020 has been used for the academic years 2021-22 and 2022-23. SIMD 2016 has been used for academic years 2016-17 to 2020-21. SIMD 2012 has been used for academic years 2013-14, 2014-15 and 2015-16. SIMD 2009 was used for all other academic years.

More information can be found at www.gov.scot/Topics/Statistics/SIMD. 

Coverage of Spend Data 
The financial figures in this publication refer to the amount spent on EMA payments only. This publication does not cover any other costs associated with the EMA programme, such as administrative costs. All financial figures in this report and the associated tables are presented in nominal terms and are not adjusted for inflation. Figures show total spend on EMA, and aren’t impacted by students moving from school to college which results in duplicate records.

Historically, a small percentage of local authority payments (estimated in previous years to be less than 0.5%) are not recorded on management information systems. As detailed in section 2, it is anticipated that there were more payments made outwith systems in the 2019-20 and 2020-21 academic years due to the impact of the COVID pandemic. These ‘manual’ payments are excluded from the figures presented in this publication.

Data presentation
In all tables and figures, the number of recipients has been rounded to the nearest 5. Figures on EMA spend have been rounded to the nearest pound. Unknown values are not displayed individually in tables but are included in totals. Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding and the inclusion of unknown values. Unless stated otherwise, percentages are calculated from unrounded values.

Correspondence and enquiries
For enquiries about this publication please contact:
Alan Sloan
Advanced Learning and Skills Analysis, 
e-mail: FHEstatistics@gov.scot

For general enquiries about Scottish Government statistics please contact:
Office of the Chief Statistician, Telephone: 0131 244 0442,
e-mail: statistics.enquiries@scotland.gsi.gov.uk

How to access background or source data
The data collected for this statistical bulletin may be made available on request, subject to consideration of legal and ethical factors. Please contact FHEstatistics@gov.scot for further information. 

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