Embedding children's rights: position statement

Annex A

Scottish Government contribution to the UK State party response to Part III of the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child's List of Issues Prior to Reporting

Full Data, Statistics and Other Information

The data in this Annex covers the period 2017 to 2022, disaggregated by age, sex, ethnicity, disability and Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD) quintile where available. For many requests, the exact data was not available, and therefore the most relevant data has been provided where possible. Figures may also be suppressed in places to preserve confidentiality, including secondary suppression where suppressed figures would otherwise be derivable from totals.

The full text of each request is shown, followed by the Scottish Government response. This information was submitted to the UN via the UK Government in June 2022. Since then, some of the data has been updated, including in this annex, and breakdowns by SIMD have also been provided (where available). It is clearly stated where an update has taken place.

8 - Efforts to improve the collection and quality of disaggregated data for all areas of the Convention, including on violence, children in alternative care, children with disabilities, mental health, food insecurity, malnutrition, education, and asylum-seeking and migrant children.

Scottish Government response:

• Publish statistics on poverty (relative, absolute, persistent, and material deprivation) breakdowns of this data including lone parent families, families with a disabled adult or child, minority ethnic families and large families.
• Produced a report on mental health in children disaggregated by age and gender.
• Census based method of collecting data for education that can be disaggregated by school, school stage, sex, ethnic origin, geographical location, and socioeconomic status.
• COVID specific school attendance at pupil level can be disaggregated.
• Collecting data on child weight and growth through Public Health Scotland.
• Scottish Health Survey used to measure food insecurity and how it links to child poverty at the household level.
• Weekly, later fortnightly, return reporting on child protection and CPP to understand how the COVID pandemic impacted these services.

36 - Information on the consolidated budget regarding children and social sectors.

Scottish Government provided data on the spending budgets that cover children and children's services in Scotland.

Children spending budgets (£ millions), Scotland, 2017-18 to 2020-21

Year	2017-18	2018-19	2019-20	2020-21
Early Years	502	534	736	522
Education Spending	5,503	5,544	5,901	5,853
Child Services Spending	898	913	901	953
Child Health Care Spending	1,625	1,649	1,712	2,115
Total	8,528	8,641	9,251	9,442

Notes

1. Early Years: includes Pre-Primary Education spend (PESA).

2. Education Spending: includes Primary and Secondary Education (PESA), Higher and Further Education (direct apportionment from departmental budgets).

3. Child Protection and Social Services: this is made up of "Family and Children Personal Social Services" (PESA), in addition to contributions from "The Care Inspectorate" and "Social Work Grant to private Sector, Children's Hearing, Preventing Youth Offending and Education Analysis".

4. Social Security: not included in the table above due to difficulty to apportion accurately from national level. For 2019/20, PESA data for "family and children" of which family benefits, income support and tax credits stated £1.0bn, taking the 19-20 figure to £10.5bn – but as stated above, this would miss out other benefits that are in scope that were included in the national breakdown. Scotland do have some payments specific to Scotland, these figures can be found in the Social Security breakdown.

5. Health Spend: Overall Health Service spend (total Hospital and Community Health Services) apportioned to children using Office of Budget Responsibility data on health spend by age and Scottish population data from National Records of Scotland.

6. Figures are in 2020/21 prices.

7. Rounding errors may exist.

37a - Cases of discrimination affecting children, prosecutions brought before the courts under legislation governing non-discrimination and sanctions imposed on perpetrators.

Data unavailable.

37b - Child fatalities due to child abuse, substance abuse and suicide.

Scottish Government provided data on the combined number of deaths where the probable cause was alcohol specific, drug related or suicide. This data has been updated to add 2021 data since the UNCRC submission.

In Scotland there were 20 fatalities due to substance misuse or suicide in 2021, down from a high of 31 in 2018.

Numbers of deaths where the underlying cause of death was probable suicide, alcohol-specific or drug-related according to the death certificate in Scotland, 2017-2021

Year	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021
Total	25	31	29	24	20
Sex
Male	16	20	19	18	*
Female	9	11	10	6	*
Age
Under 1	*	0	*	0	0
1 to 4	0	0	0	0	0
5 to 9	0	0	0	0	0
10 to 15	*	9	*	5	5
16 to 17	15	22	19	19	15

Source

National Records of Scotland death registration records

Notes

1. For definition of probable suicide see https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/files//statistics/probable-suicides/2020/suicides-20-methodology.pdf

2. For definition of alcohol-specific deaths see https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/files//statistics/alcohol-deaths/2020/alcohol-specific-deaths-20-methodology.pdf

3. For definition of drug-related deaths see https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/statistics-and-data/statistics/statistics-by-theme/vital-events/deaths/drug-related-deaths-in-scotland/2020

38a - The use of acoustic devices and other measures to deal with antisocial behaviours and disperse gatherings of young people.

Data unavailable.

38b - Information and communications technology-related violations of children's rights and the number of such cases that have been investigated and prosecuted.

Data unavailable.

39a - The use of electrical discharge weapons, attenuating energy projectiles and other harmful devices on children.

Scottish Government provided data on the number of persons under the age 18 who had been subject to taser deployment.

In Scotland there were no children (persons under the age of 18) subject to taser deployment between 2017/18 and 2019/20, in 2020/21 there were less than 5 and in 2021/22 there were less than 5.

Source: Police Investigations & Review Commissioner (PIRC)

39b - Children who have been placed under solitary confinement and other restrictive interventions, in all settings including education, custody, mental health, welfare and immigration settings.

Data unavailable.

39c - Children with psychosocial disabilities and autism who have been placed under restraint and seclusion in schools.

Data unavailable.

39d - Child victims of violence, including abuse, neglect, domestic violence and sexual exploitation and abuse in and outside the home and in alternative care settings, that have been reported to the authorities, investigated and prosecuted and the sanctions imposed on perpetrators, disaggregated by type of offence.

Scottish Government provided data on the number of people prosecuted for offences against a child, where that was their main offence. This data has been updated to add 2020-21 data since the UNCRC submission, the 2019/20 figure has also been updated.

In Scotland, the number of people prosecuted for offences against a child was 518 in 2020-21, down from 662 in 2019-20 (-21.8%).

Number of people prosecuted for offences against a child (where main crime) in Scotland, 2017-18 to 2020-21

Year	2017-18	2018-19	2019-20	2020-21
Total	664	726	662	518

Source

Criminal Proceedings Database - https://www.gov.scot/publications/criminal-proceedings-scotland-20-21/

39e - Children who have received protective measures and multidisciplinary remedies provided to children who are victims and witnesses of violence, in particular abuse, neglect and sexual exploitation and abuse.

Scottish Government provided data on the number of children suffering or at risk of suffering significant harm such as neglect, physical, emotional or sexual abuse supported by children's social care (CSC) services. These children are known as children on child protection plans (CPP).

In Scotland there were 2,104 children on CPPs at 31 July 2021, down from 2,600 in 2017 (-19.1%). There were 3,454 children added to the child protection register during the year ending 31 July 2021, down from 4,293 in 2017 (-19.5%).

Numbers of children on the child protection register in Scotland, each year ending 31 July, 2017-2021

Year	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021
Total	2,600	2,530	2,580	2,641	2,104
Sex
Male	1,306	1,258	1,334	1,301	1,053
Female	1,245	1,220	1,201	1,288	1,011
Age
Under 1	619	566	550	581	481
1 to 4	743	724	714	741	612
5 to 9	719	704	729	692	588
10 to 15	503	513	573	601	410
16 to 17	16	23	14	26	13
Ethnic origin
White	1,855	1,779	1,806	1,962	1,490
Mixed	44	40	36	44	45
Asian or Asian British	44	25	41	35	28
Black or Black British	23	25	13	17	22
Other Ethnic Groups	22	34	39	23	18
Not known	612	627	645	560	501
Special Educational Needs
Number of children	111	150	95	110	81

Source

Children's Social Work Statistics: Children's social work statistics - https://www.gov.scot/collections/childrens-social-work/

Notes

1. The available data show the numbers of children on the child protection register, each year as at 31 July.

2. The 'Under 1' category includes pre-birth child protection case conferences.
No data are held on how these concerns were reported to the authorities, investigated, and prosecuted.

3. The 'With disability' row shows the number of children with a disability recorded. Further breakdowns by disability type are not available. Disability is defined in this data as a mental or physical impairment which has a substantial and long-term adverse effect on the ability of the child to carry out normal day-to-day activities.

39f - Cases of female genital mutilation, forced marriages, virginity testing and crimes committed in the name of so-called honour against children that have been reported to the authorities, investigated and prosecuted.

Data unavailable.

39g - Intersex children who have received non-urgent and irreversible surgical or other procedures.

Data unavailable.

40a - Families and children receiving economic and other types of support services.

Data unavailable.

40b - Children in residential care, the number of such institutions and their size and the length of stay.

Scottish Government provided data on the number of children in residential care only. In Scotland, there were 1,286 children in residential care at 31 July 2021, down from 1,509 in 2017 (-14.8%). This data has been updated since the UNCRC submission to add 2021 breakdowns.

Number of children in residential care in Scotland, each year ending 31 July, 2017-2021

Year	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021
Total	1,509	1,512	1,448	1,436	1,286
Sex
Male	985	988	926	953	828
Female	524	524	522	483	458
Age
Under 1	*	*	*	*	*
1 to 4	*	*	*	*	*
5 to 9	54	61	67	76	66
10 to 15	965	960	889	772	674
16 to 17	483	486	489	577	543
Ethnic origin
White	1,339	1,314	1,234	1,184	1,089
Mixed	23	19	21	28	18
Asian or Asian British	29	30	30	63	28
Black or Black British	19	23	26	26	20
Other Ethnic Groups	26	33	32	47	30
Not known	73	93	105	88	101
Special Educational Needs or Disability
Number of children	398	367	352	328	340

Source

Children's Social Work Statistics: Children's social work statistics - https://www.gov.scot/collections/childrens-social-work/

Notes

1. The 'With disability' row shows the number of children with a disability recorded. Further breakdowns by disability type are not available. Disability is defined in this data as a mental or physical impairment which has a substantial and long-term adverse effect on the ability of the child to carry out normal day-to-day activities.

These figures include very small numbers of those aged 18+

As at March 2022, residential child care provision includes 336 care homes for children, 5 secure care centres, and 35 residential special schools.

40c - Children in unregulated alternative care placements, including secure accommodation, immigration detention centres and mental health institutions.

In Scotland, all residential care providers are regulated by the Care Inspectorate. There is no provision of unregulated alternative care for looked after children. Therefore no data was provided.

40d - Children in family-based and community-based care.

Scottish Government provided data on the number of children placed in foster care, placed for adoption, or placed with parents or person with parental responsibility. The data for Scotland also includes children in formal kinship care and other community placements. This data has been updated since the UNCRC submission to add 2021 breakdowns.

In Scotland, the number of children in such placements at 31 July 2021 was 11,969, down from 13,389 in 2017 (-10.6%).

Number of children in care at home or in the community in Scotland, as at 31 July each year, 2017-2021

Year	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021
Total	13,389	13,042	12,814	13,022	11,969
Sex
Male	7,137	6,972	6,780	6,907	6,338
Female	6,252	6,070	6,034	6,114	5,629
Age
Under 1	405	401	372	346	303
1 to 4	2,500	2,441	2,458	2,441	2,111
5 to 9	3,693	3,460	3,321	3,409	3,229
10 to 15	5,502	5,477	5,379	5,349	4,852
16 to 17	1,289	1,263	1,284	1,477	1,474
Ethnic origin
White	11,703	11,139	10,855	10,979	10,052
Mixed	249	234	242	241	153
Asian or Asian British	97	95	97	118	94
Black or Black British	75	81	77	79	72
Other Ethnic Groups	95	74	94	96	168
Not known	1,170	1,419	1,449	1,509	1,430
Special Educational Needs or Disability
Number of children	1,238	1,156	1,183	1,053	948

Source

Children's Social Work Statistics: Children's social work statistics - https://www.gov.scot/collections/childrens-social-work/

Notes

1. The figures above show the number of children in care at home or in the community, as at 31 July each year. This includes children in the following types of placement: at home with parents, in formal kinship care, staying with foster carers provided or purchased by the local authority, living with prospective adopters, and a small number of 'other' community placements.

2. The 'With disability' row shows the number of children with a disability recorded. Further breakdowns by disability type are not available. Disability is defined in this data as a mental or physical impairment which has a substantial and long-term adverse effect on the ability of the child to carry out normal day-to-day activities.

These figures include very small numbers of those aged 18+.

40e - Children of incarcerated parents.

Data unavailable.

41a - Children prescribed with psychotropic drugs, including amount and regularity.

Scottish Government provided data on the number of children prescribed with psychotropic drugs only.

The definition of psychotropics is as described in the in the NHSBSA Mental Health Prescribing Comparators Dashboard. The figures do not include prescriptions made but not dispensed. The figures also show prescriptions dispensed in the community only (not including hospitals, prisons or similar settings).

In Scotland, there were 32,998 such prescriptions made in 2019/20, up from 29,189 in 2017/18 (+13.0%).

Number of children prescribed with psychotropic drugs in Scotland, 2017/18-2019/20

Year	2017/18	2018/19	2019/20
Total	29,189	31,509	32,998
Sex
Male	16,871	18,281	19,196
Female	12,318	13,228	13,802
Age
Under 1	30	28	23
1 to 4	885	976	887
5 to 9	5,483	5,878	5,925
10 to 15	10,142	11,463	12,583
16 to 18	12,649	13,164	13,580
SIMD Quintile
1 – Most deprived	7,856	8,469	8,754
2	6,589	7,060	7,418
3	5,544	5,965	6,276
4	4,885	5,336	5,679
5 – Least deprived	4,205	4,521	4,706
Not known	110	158	165

Source

Prescribing Information System, Public Health Scotland

Notes

1. Age band is based on the patient's age as at 30th September for the financial year in question. For example 2018/19 data the age band is based on 30th September 2018.
Includes only items where a valid CHI has been captured.

2. Data is based on British National Formulary (BNF) March 2015 for sections 4.1 (Hypnotics), 4.2 (Antipsychotics), 4.3 (Antidepressants) and 4.4 (Drugs for ADHD (excluding Modafinil, which is exclusively for the treatment of narcolepsy)).

3. Data are given for all prescription form types.

4. Data excludes prescriptions prescribed in England.

5. Data shown are based on prescriptions dispensed by community pharmacists, appliance suppliers and dispensing doctors only.

6. Data given refer to prescriptions dispensed in the community, but do not take into account medicines dispensed by hospitals or hospital based clinics.

Issue 41b - Children diagnosed with a mental illness;

Scottish Government provided data on the number of accepted referrals to Children and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS).

In Scotland, there were 27,563 accepted referrals to CAMHS in 2021, higher than in 2020 (23,259). From January 2022 to June 2022, there have been 14,338 accepted referrals.

NHS Scotland all accepted referrals for CAMHS services, 2017-2021

Year	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021
Total	26,043	27,412	28,663	23,259	27,563

Source

CAMHS March-22 release - Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) waiting times - Quarter ending 31 December 2021 - Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) waiting times - Publications - Public Health Scotland

Notes

New referrals to CAMHS should only be accepted up to an individuals' 18^th birthday. However, if a young person is already receiving treatment via CAMHS, this treatment may continue after their 18^th birthday.

Total figures for 2020 and 2021 have been updated.

41c - Drug, alcohol and tobacco abuse among children.

Scottish Government provided the estimated percentages of 13 and 15 year olds who smoked, drank alcohol and used drugs. The most recent data available was from 2018.

In Scotland, in 2018, an estimated 4.3% of 13 and 15 year olds smoked at least one cigarette a week, 13.4% drank alcohol in the last week, and 7.4% used drugs in the last month.

Drug, alcohol and tobacco use among children in Scotland, 2018

	Total	Male	Female	Age 13	Age 15	Any physical/ mental disability
drank alcohol in last week	13.4%	14.4%	12.6%	6.5%	20.0%	18.0%
used drugs in last month	7.4%	9.0%	5.8%	3.5%	12.0%	12.0%
regularly smoke (at least one cigarette a week)	4.3%	4.7%	3.8%	2.0%	7.0%	8.0%
	Total	SIMD 1	SIMD 2	SIMD 3	SIMD 4	SIMD 5
drank alcohol in last week	13.4%	14%	14%	14%	12%	13%
used drugs in last month	7.4%	9%	7%	9%	8%	7%
regularly smoke (at least one cigarette a week)	4.3%	6%	5%	5%	4%	4%

Source

Scottish Schools Adolescent Lifestyle and Substance Use Survey (SALSUS) : Alcohol Report (2018) (www.gov.scot) and https://www.salsus-dataportal.co.uk/home Scottish Schools Adolescent Lifestyle and Substance Use Survey (SALSUS) : Drug Use Report (2018) (www.gov.scot) and https://www.salsus-dataportal.co.uk/home Scottish Schools Adolescent Lifestyle and Substance Use Survey (SALSUS): smoking report 2018 - gov.scot (www.gov.scot) and https://www.salsus-dataportal.co.uk/home

Notes

1. Percentages have been used as it is impossible to calculate, accurately, an estimate of the total population given the sampling approach used in SALSUS. The survey only covers pupils in mainstream secondary education. The sample excludes pupils in special schools, secure residential units and those who are home schooled. Substance use may be very different among pupils who are not in mainstream secondary education.

2. Overall, 199 out of an invited 325 schools participated in the survey, giving a school response rate of 61%. This equated to 1,036 out of an invited 1,821 classes and 21,650 out of a possible 23,791 pupils participated in the survey.

41d - Overweight, obesity and malnutrition among children.

Scottish Government provided data on the estimated proportions of 2-15 year olds who were overweight or obese (combined).

In Scotland, an estimated 30% of 2-15 year olds were overweight or obese in 2019, up from 26% in 2017.

Percentage of overweight or obese children in Scotland, 2017-2019

Year	2017	2018	2019
Total	26%	29%	30%
Sex
Male	24%	30%	32%
Female	29%	27%	28%
Age
2 to 6	21%	26%	30%
7 to 11	27%	27%	25%
12 to 15	33%	34%	37%
SIMD Quintile
1 – most deprived	30%	31%	35%
2	26%	34%	42%
3	29%	28%	27%
4	26%	27%	24%
5 – least deprived	22%	24%	23%
Special Educational Needs or Disability
Percentage of children	31%	32%	46%

Source

Scottish Health Survey (SHeS): https://www.gov.scot/collections/scottish-health-survey/

Notes

1. Due to the pandemic face to face interviewing for SHeS was postponed in March 2020. We were able to run a telephone interview for a couple of months towards the end of the year but this did not include children. So there will be no 2020 data.

2. Disability - limiting long-term condition.

41e - Teenage pregnancy.

Scottish Government provided data on the number of pregnancies that occurred in women under the age of 20, based on their age at, and the year of, conception.

In Scotland, there were 3,300 pregnancies that occurred in women under the age of 20 in 2020, down from 4,286 in 2017 (-23.0%). The number of teenage pregnancies in Scotland is now at its lowest since records began.

Number of pregnancies in women under the age of 20 in Scotland, 2017-2020

Year	2017	2018	2019	2020
Total	4,286	4,117	3,814	3,300
SIMD Quintile
1 – most deprived	1,651	1,615	1,477	1257
2	1,067	1,023	916	842
3	705	682	603	526
4	514	435	469	409
5 – least deprived	346	361	346	265

Source

PHS teenage pregnancy report. Teenage pregnancies - Year of conception, ending 31 December 2020 - Teenage pregnancies - Publications - Public Health Scotland

Notes

1. Age at conception and presented by year of conception.

2. 2018 figures reflect latest data available to PHS.

41f - Children living below the poverty line.

The UK Government provided data on relative low income. This measure is defined as a family whose equivalised income is below 60 per cent of contemporary median income. The gross income measure is before housing costs (BHC) and includes contributions from earnings, state support and pensions.

There were 0.2 million children living in relative low-income in Scotland in 2017/18-2019/20.

Three-year averages of the number and percentage of children in relative low income (before housing costs), 2014/15 to 2019/20

Year	14/15-16/17	15/16-17/18	16/17-18/19	17/18-19/20
Number (millions)	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Percentage	18%	20%	20%	21%

Source

Sourced from the Children in Low Income Families dataset – available at https://stat-xplore.dwp.gov.uk

Notes

This table uses grossing factors based on 2011 Census data.

Scottish Government uses a different data source for analysis of child poverty. More information and the latest available statistics can be found at https://data.gov.scot/poverty/2022/cpupdate.html and https://www.gov.scot/collections/child-poverty-statistics/

41g - Children in street situations and children living in temporary accommodation.

Scottish Government provided data on the number of children in temporary accommodation. This data has been updated since the UNCRC submission to add 2022 figures

Number of children in temporary accommodation in Scotland as at 31 March, 2017-2022

Year	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Total	6,060	6,615	6,795	7,280	7,385	8,635

Source

Homelessness statistics (HL2) https://www.gov.scot/collections/homelessness-statistics/

Notes

The HL2 data collection gathers aggregate snapshot information on the number of children in temporary accommodation at the end of each quarter. The HL2 collection cannot be used to provide breakdowns by characteristic.

In Scotland, the number of children in temporary accommodation increased from 6,060 at 31 March 2017 to 8,635 in 2022 (+42%).

42a - Bullying and violence in schools.

Scottish Government provided data on the number of cases of exclusion due to physical assault without a weapon.

In Scotland, there were 2,083 cases of exclusion from school due to physical assault (without a weapon) in 2020/21, down from 3,758 in 2018/19 (-44.6%).

Number of cases of exclusion from school for physical assault with no weapon.

Year	2016/17	2018/19	2020/21
Total	4,635	3,758	2,083

Source

Scottish Government School Exclusion Statistics https://www.gov.scot/publications/school-exclusion-statistics/

Notes

Each case of exclusion can have multiple reasons associated with it.

Individual pupils can be excluded multiple times so number of cases of exclusion does not equal number of pupils excluded.

These figures may include small numbers of those aged 18+.

42b - Children with disabilities attending regular schools and separate schools.

Scottish Government provided data on the number of children who were assessed or declared disabled and were attending regular schools only.

In Scotland, there were 18,852 children who were 'assessed disabled' or 'declared disabled' in their Additional Support Need plans in September 2020. Due to methodological differences, comparison over years is not possible.

Number of children with disabilities attending regular schools in Scotland, 2017-2020

Year	2017	2018	2019	2020
Total	16,742	17,447	18,465	18,852
Sex
Male	11,485	11,921	12,592	12,800
Female	5,257	5,526	5,873	6,052
Age
1 to 4	142	152	108	100
5 to 9	4,841	4,891	4,918	4,833
10 to 15	9,336	9,937	10,886	11,270
16 to 18	2,423	2,467	2,553	2,649
Ethnic origin
White	15, 383	15,896	16,788	17,090
Mixed	175	185	210	229
Asian or Asian British	556	622	667	686
Black or Black British	191	231	264	301
Other Ethnic Groups	96	122	145	157
Not known	341	391	391	389
SIMD Quintile
1 – most deprived	4,489	4,845	5,094	5,094
2	3,622	3,781	3,919	3,979
3	3,231	3,347	3,627	3,735
4	2,722	2,783	2,993	3,337
5 – least deprived	2,539	2,557	2,713	2,605
Not known	139	134	119	102

Source

Pupil Census; https://www.gov.scot/publications/pupil-census-supplementary-statistics/ Data is available for 2017 through 2020.

Notes

1. Only includes pupils attending publicly funded schools at September of relevant year. Only includes pupils who have 'Assessed Disabled' and/or 'Declared Disabled' reported as their ASN plan type. Other pupils have Additional Support Needs but their ASN plan type is not disabled.

2. Children in Scotland usually start school between the ages of 4.5 - 5.5 years old.

3. Ethnicity categories available in the Pupil Census are based on categories collected in the 2011 Scottish Population Census.
White includes the following categories: White – Scottish, White – Other British, White – Irish, White – Polish, White – Gypsy/Traveller, White – Other.
Asian or Asian British includes the following categories: Asian – Indian, Asian – Pakistani, Asian – Bangladeshi, Asian – Chinese, Asian – Other.
Black or Black British includes the following categories: Caribbean/Black – Scottish/British, Caribbean/Black – Other, African – Scottish/British, African – Other.
Other Ethnic Groups includes the following categories: Arab, Other
Not Known includes the following categories: Not Known, Not Disclosed.

4. Reasons for pupils having an Additional Support Need. Occurrence data – pupils may have more than one reason reported. Only reasons associated with the need types 'Assessed Disabled' and 'Declared Disabled' are included for pupils at local authority and grant aided mainstream schools. Pupils may have other reasons for support which are only reported in relation to other need types. All reasons for support are reported for pupils at Grant Aided Special Schools as these are not linked to specifics need types in reporting.

43a - Asylum-seeking and refugee children, as well as the average processing time for asylum applications, who have resettled in the State party.

Data unavailable.

43b - Migrant children who have obtained nationality.

Data unavailable.

44a - Children in detention, including pretrial detention, in facilities such as police cells, prisons and young offenders institutions, length of stay and placements in solitary confinement, segregation or isolation.

Scottish Government provided data on the number of children who received custodial sentences from Scottish courts only. This data has been updated since the UNCRC submission to add 2020-21 figures.

In Scotland, there were 42 children who received custodial sentences in 2020-21, down from 58 in 2019-20 (-27.6%).

Number of people (under 18) receiving custodial sentences in Scotland, 2017-18 to 2020/21

Year	2017-18	2018-19	2019-20	2020-21
Total	131	180	58	42

Source

Criminal Proceedings in Scotland, 2020-21 - Criminal proceedings in Scotland: 2020-2021 - gov.scot (www.gov.scot)

Notes

1. Data includes custodial sentences imposed by the Scottish Courts only.

2. Demographic breakdowns are collected but have not been provided here due to data suppression.
Figures from 2019-20 have been updated

44b - Children who are serving life sentences for offences committed while under the age of 18.

Data unavailable.

44c - Children detained together with adults and the length of stay.

Data unavailable.

44d - Children referred to diversion and non-custodial sentencing options.

Scottish Government provided data on the number of children receiving a non-court disposal only. This data has been updated since the UNCRC submission to add 2020-21 figures

In Scotland, there were 6,515 children receiving a non-court disposal in 2020-21, down from 7,758 in 2019-20 (-16%).

Number of people aged under 18 years old receiving a Non-Court Disposal in Scotland, 2017-2021

Year	2017/18	2018/19	2019/20	2020/21
Total	9028	7893	7758	6515
Sex
Male	6638	5804	5788	4911
Female	2390	2089	1970	1603
Age
Under 1	-	-	-	-
1 to 4	-	-	-	-
5 to 9	189	153	141	114
10 to 15	5488	4578	4750	3907
16 to 17	3351	3162	2867	2493

Source

Criminal Proceedings database - Criminal Proceedings in Scotland, 2020-21 - https://www.gov.scot/publications/criminal-proceedings-scotland-2020-21/

Notes

Figures from 2018/19 and 2019/20 have been updated

44e - Children who have received rehabilitation and reintegration support.

Data unavailable.

45a - Cases of the sale of children, child prostitution and child sexual abuse material that have been reported, investigated, prosecuted and sanctioned.

Data unavailable.

45b - Children who are victims of such crimes who have been provided with recovery assistance or compensation.

Data unavailable.

46a - Ill treatment and violence committed by staff at army training institutions against recruits under the age of 18 that have been investigated and prosecuted.

Data unavailable.

46b - Asylum-seeking, refugee and migrant children entering the State party from areas where children may have been recruited or used in hostilities.

Data unavailable.

46c - Children within its jurisdiction who have been recruited or used in hostilities abroad.

There were no children within its jurisdiction who have been recruited or used in hostilities abroad.