Enablers and barriers to trauma-informed systems, organisations and workforces: evidence review

Findings of a rapid evidence review of the international literature published between 2016-2022 describing the enablers that support the effective implementation of trauma-informed approaches across different systems, organisations and workforces, as well as barriers.


References

ACE Hub Wales, 2022. Trauma-Informed Wales: A Societal Approach to Understanding, Preventing and Supporting the Impacts of Trauma and Adversity. Cardiff: Trauma Stress Wales. Available at: Trauma-Informed-Wales-Framework.pdf (traumaframeworkcymru.com)

Akin, B.A., Strolin-Goltzman, J. and Collins-Camargo, C., 2017. Successes and challenges in developing trauma-informed child welfare systems: A real-world case study of exploration and initial implementation. Children and Youth Services Review, 82, pp.42-52.

Albers, B. and Pattuwage, L., 2017. Implementation in education: Findings from a scoping review. Melbourne: Evidence for Learning.

Avery, J.C., Morris, H., Galvin, E., Misso, M., Savaglio, M. and Skouteris, H., 2021. Systematic review of school-wide trauma-informed approaches. Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma, 14(3), pp.381-397.

Azeem, M., Aujla, A., Rammerth, M., Binsfeld, G. and Jones, R.B., 2017. Effectiveness of six core strategies based on trauma informed care in reducing seclusions and restraints at a child and adolescent psychiatric hospital. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing, 30(4), pp.170-174.

Baetz, C.L., Surko, M., Moaveni, M., McNair, F., Bart, A., Workman, S., Tedeschi, F., Havens, J., Guo, F., Quinlan, C. and Horwitz, S.M., 2021. Impact of a trauma-informed intervention for youth and staff on rates of violence in juvenile detention settings. Journal of interpersonal violence, 36(17-18), pp.NP9463-NP9482.

Bauer, M. S., Damschroder, L., Hagedorn, H., Smith, J. and Kilbourne, A. M., 2015. An introduction to implementation science for the non‐specialist. BMC Psychology, 3(32).

Bailey, C., Klas, A., Cox, R., Bergmeier, H., Avery, J. and Skouteris, H., 2019. Systematic review of organisation‐wide, trauma‐informed care models in out‐of‐home care (Oo HC) settings. Health & social care in the community, 27(3), pp.e10-e22.

Barnett, E.R., Yackley, C.R. and Licht, E.S., 2018. Developing, implementing, and evaluating a trauma-informed care program within a youth residential treatment center and special needs school. Residential Treatment for Children & Youth, 35(2), pp.95-113.

Bartlett, J.D., Barto, B., Griffin, J.L., Fraser, J.G., Hodgdon, H. and Bodian, R., 2016. Trauma-informed care in the Massachusetts child trauma project. Child maltreatment, 21(2), pp.101-112.

Barto, B., Bartlett, J.D., Von Ende, A., Bodian, R., Noroña, C.R., Griffin, J., Fraser, J.G., Kinniburgh, K., Spinazzola, J., Montagna, C. and Todd, M., 2018. The impact of a statewide trauma-informed child welfare initiative on children's permanency and maltreatment outcomes. Child abuse & neglect, 81, pp.149-160.

Berger, E., 2019. Multi-tiered approaches to trauma-informed care in schools: A systematic review. School Mental Health, 11(4), pp.650-664.

Bramley, G., Fitzpatrick, S., and Sosenko, F., 2019. Hard Edges Scotland. Developing a profile of severe and multiple disadvantage in Scotland: technical report on integrated quantitative analysis and qualitative methodology. Edinburgh: I-SPHERE, EGIS, Heriot-Watt University. Available at: Hard Edges Scotland full report – Lankelly Chase

Bunting, L., Montgomery, L., Mooney, S., MacDonald, M., Coulter, S., Hayes, D. and Davidson, G., 2019. Trauma informed child welfare systems—A rapid evidence review. International journal of environmental research and public health, 16(13), p.2365.

Connell, C.M., Lang, J.M., Zorba, B. and Stevens, K., 2019. Enhancing capacity for trauma‐informed care in child welfare: Impact of a statewide systems change initiative. American journal of community psychology, 64(3-4), pp.467-480.

Damian, A.J., Gallo, J., Leaf, P. and Mendelson, T., 2017. Organizational and provider level factors in implementation of trauma-informed care after a city-wide training: an explanatory mixed methods assessment. BMC health services research, 17(1), pp.1-10.

Day, A.G., Somers, C.L., Baroni, B.A., West, S.D., Sanders, L. and Peterson, C.D., 2015. Evaluation of a trauma-informed school intervention with girls in a residential facility school: Student perceptions of school environment. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 24(10), pp.1086-1105.

Diggins, J., 2021. Reductions in behavioural and emotional difficulties from a specialist, trauma-informed school. Educational and Developmental Psychologist, 38(2), pp.194-205.

Dorado, J.S., Martinez, M., McArthur, L.E. and Leibovitz, T., 2016. Healthy Environments and Response to Trauma in Schools (HEARTS): A whole-school, multi-level, prevention and intervention program for creating trauma-informed, safe and supportive schools. School Mental Health, 8(1), pp.163-176.

Fondren, K., Lawson, M., Speidel, R., McDonnell, C.G. and Valentino, K., 2020. Buffering the effects of childhood trauma within the school setting: A systematic review of trauma-informed and trauma-responsive interventions among trauma-affected youth. Children and youth services review, 109, p.104691.

Galvin, E., Morris, H., Mousa, A., O'Donnell, R., Halfpenny, N. and Skouteris, H., 2021. Implementation of The Sanctuary Model in residential out-of-home care: Enablers, barriers, successes and challenges. Children and Youth Services Review, 121, p.105901.

Galvin, E., O'Donnell, R., Avery, J., Morris, H., Mousa, A., Halfpenny, N., Miller, R. and Skouteris, H., 2022. Residential Out-of-Home Care Staff Perceptions of Implementing a Trauma-Informed Approach: The Sanctuary Model. Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma, pp.1-15.

Greenwald, R., Siradas, L., Schmitt, T., Reslan, S., Fierle, J., & Sande, B. (2012). Implementing trauma-informed treatment for youth in a residential facility: first-year outcomes. Residential Treatment for Children and Youth, 29(2), 141-53.

Gundacker, C., Barry, C., Laurent, E. and Sieracki, R., 2021. A Scoping Review of Trauma-Informed Curricula for Primary Care Providers. Family Medicine, 53(10), pp.843-856.

Hales, T.W., Green, S.A., Bissonette, S., Warden, A., Diebold, J., Koury, S.P. and Nochajski, T.H., 2019. Trauma-informed care outcome study. Research on Social Work Practice, 29(5), pp.529-539.

Jankowski, M.K., Schifferdecker, K.E., Butcher, R.L., Foster-Johnson, L. and Barnett, E.R., 2019. Effectiveness of a trauma-informed care initiative in a state child welfare system: A randomized study. Child maltreatment, 24(1), pp.86-97.

Kim, J., Aggarwal, A., Maloney, S. and Tibbits, M., 2021. Organizational assessment to implement trauma-informed care for first responders, child welfare providers, and healthcare professionals. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice.

King, L.M., LeBeau, K., Hart, M. and Vacca, R., 2021. Organizational partnerships for a trauma‐informed community: A community‐wide social network study. Journal of Community Psychology, 49(7), pp.2658-2678.

Lang, J.M., Campbell, K., Shanley, P., Crusto, C.A. and Connell, C.M., 2016. Building capacity for trauma-informed care in the child welfare system: Initial results of a statewide implementation. Child maltreatment, 21(2), pp.113-124.

Lathan, E., Langhinrichsen‐Rohling, J., Duncan, J. and Stefurak, J.T., 2019. The Promise Initiative: Promoting a trauma‐informed police response to sexual assault in a mid‐size Southern community. Journal of community psychology, 47(7), pp.1733-1749.

Loomis, B., Epstein, K., Dauria, E.F. and Dolce, L., 2019. Implementing a trauma-informed public health system in San Francisco, California. Health Education & Behavior, 46(2), pp.251-259.

Lotty, M., Dunn-Galvin, A. and Bantry-White, E., 2020. Effectiveness of a trauma-informed care psychoeducational program for foster carers–Evaluation of the Fostering Connections Program. Child abuse & neglect, 102, p.104390.

Mackie, J.F., Bjørke, A., Foti, T.R., Horwitz, C., Maddocks, L.C. and Marshall, J., 2019. Journey mapping the Hillsborough County Early Childhood Court program. Children and Youth Services Review, 103, pp.57-62.

Mackie, J.F., Foti, T.R., Agu, N., Langenderfer-Magruder, L. and Marshall, J., 2020. Early childhood court in Florida: Qualitative results of a statewide evaluation. Child Abuse & Neglect, 104, p.104476.

Mitchell, P. F., 2011. Evidence-based practice in real-world services for young people with complex needs: New opportunities suggested by recent implementation science. Children and Youth Services Review, 33(2), pp. 207–216.

Murphy, K., Moore, K.A., Redd, Z. and Malm, K., 2017. Trauma-informed child welfare systems and children's well-being: A longitudinal evaluation of KVC's bridging the way home initiative. Children and Youth Services Review, 75, pp.23-34.

NHS Education for Scotland, 2017. Transforming Psychological Trauma: A knowledge and skills framework for the Scottish workforce. nationaltraumatrainingframework.pdf (transformingpsychologicaltrauma.scot)

Oral, R., Coohey, C., Zarei, K., Conrad, A., Nielsen, A., Wibbenmeyer, L., Segal, R., Wojciak, A.S., Jennissen, C. and Peek-Asa, C., 2020. Nationwide efforts for trauma-informed care implementation and workforce development in healthcare and related fields: a systematic review. The Turkish Journal of Pediatrics, 62(6), pp.906-920.

Perry, D.L. and Daniels, M.L., 2016. Implementing trauma—informed practices in the school setting: A pilot study. School Mental Health, 8(1), pp.177-188.

Praslova, L., 2010. Adaptation of Kirkpatrick's four level model of training criteria to assessment of learning outcomes and program evaluation in higher education. Educational assessment, evaluation and accountability, 22, 215-225.

Purtle, J., 2020. Systematic review of evaluations of trauma-informed organizational interventions that include staff trainings. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 21(4), pp.725-740.

Racine, N., Ereyi-Osas, W., Killam, T., McDonald, S. and Madigan, S., 2021. Maternal-child health outcomes from pre-to post-implementation of a trauma-informed care initiative in the prenatal care setting: a retrospective study. Children, 8(11), p.1061.

Scottish Government, 2020. What Works to Prevent Violence Against Women and Girls: A Summary of the Evidence. Justice Analytical Services. Scottish Government. Available at: What Works to Prevent Violence Against Women: A Summary of the Evidence (www.gov.scot)

Scottish Government, 2021. Trauma-Informed Practice: A Toolkit for Scotland. Children and Families Directorate. Scottish Government. Available at: Supporting documents - Trauma-informed practice: toolkit - gov.scot (www.gov.scot)

Singh, C.D., Andrews, N.C., Motz, M., Pepler, D.J., Leslie, M. and Zuberi, S., 2020. Trauma-informed and relational approaches to service provision: building community-based project capacity to respond to interpersonal violence through a national initiative. BMC public health, 20(1), pp.1-13.

Tabone, J.K., Rishel, C.W., Hartnett, H.P. and Szafran, K.F., 2020. Examining the effectiveness of early intervention to create trauma-informed school environments. Children and Youth Services Review, 113, p.104998.

Zhang, S., Conner, A., Lim, Y. and Lefmann, T., 2021. Trauma-informed care for children involved with the child welfare system: A meta-analysis. Child Abuse & Neglect, 122, p.105296.

Contact

Email: acestrauma@gov.scot

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