The Experiences of Mothers Aged Under 20: Analysis of Data From the Growing up in Scotland Study

Appendix - Tables Of Results

Table 2.1 Education level when child was aged 10 months

	Mothers age at child's birth
	Under 20 years old	20-24 years old	25 years old and above	All
	%	%	%	%
Higher Grade or above	17	50	80	65
Below Higher Grade or none	83	50	20	35
Unweighted bases	319	608	1986	2921

Table 2.2 Education level when child was aged 2, 4 and 6 years

	Mothers age at child's birth
	Under 20 years old	20-24 years old	25 years old and above	All
	%	%	%	%
Age 2
Higher Grade or above	24	62	76	69
Below Higher Grade or none	76	37	24	32
Age 4
Higher Grade or above	30	60	77	67
Below Higher Grade or none	70	39	22	32
Age 6
Higher or above	37	62	77	68
Below Higher Grade or none	63	39	22	31
Unweighted bases
Age 2	132	267	1276	1681
Age 4	132	267	1275	1680
Age 6	132	267	1276	1681

Table 2.3 Employment status when child aged 10 months

	Mothers age at child's birth
	Under 20 years old	20-24 years old	25 years old and above	All
	%	%	%	%
In full-time paid employment	3	12	39	28
In part-time paid employment	18	43	44	40
Not working	78	45	17	31
Unweighted bases	316	609	1987	2917

Table 2.4 Economic activity when child aged 2, 4 and 6 years

	Mothers age at child's birth
	Under 20 years old	20-24 years old	25 years old and above	All
	%	%	%	%
Age 2
In full-time paid employment	7	16	25	22
In part-time paid employment	20	41	48	44
Maternity / parental leave	1	2	6	5
Looking after home or family	74	61	56	59
Waiting to take up paid work	-	1	0	0
Out of work looking for a job	5	3	1	2
Out of work, sickness or disability	2	1	1	1
In full or part-time education	8	7	3	4
Other	4	1	1	1
Age 4
In full-time paid employment	9	21	24	21
In part-time paid emp/self-emp	24	37	45	41
Maternity / parental leave	5	6	10	8
Looking after home or family	73	57	55	58
Waiting to take up paid work	-	-	0	0
Out of work looking for a job	6	3	1	2
Out of work, sickness or disability	-	0	1	1
In full or part-time education	8	4	2	3
Other	-	-	0	0
Age 6
In full-time paid employment	9	21	28	24
In part-time paid emp/self-emp	28	36	45	41
Maternity / parental leave	6	4	4	4
Looking after home or family	70	67	62	64
Waiting to take up paid work	1	0	0	0
Out of work looking for a job	8	4	1	3
Out of work, sickness or disability	1	1	1	1
In full or part-time education	9	6	3	4
Other	1	-	-	0
Unweighted bases
Age 2	133	267	1279	1685
Age 4	133	267	1279	1685
Age 6	133	267	1279	1685

Table 2.5 Equivalised annual household income (quintiles) when child aged 10 months

	Mothers age at child's birth
	Under 20 years old	20-24 years old	25 years old and above	All
	%	%	%	%
Bottom Quintile (<£10,833)	72	40	12	25
2nd Quintile (>=£10,833 <£17,009)	15	22	10	14
3rd Quintile (>=£17,009 < £26,000)	9	14	11	11
4th Quintile (>=£26,000 < £40,625)	3	21	38	30
Top Quintile (>=£40,625)	1	3	29	20
Unweighted bases	268	530	1791	2597

Table 2.6 Equivalised annual household income (quintiles) when child aged 2, 4 and 6 years

	Mothers age at child's birth
	Under 20 years old	20-24 years old	25 years old and above	All
	%	%	%	%
Age 2
Bottom Quintile (<£9,644)	64	33	7	18
2nd Quintile (>=£9644< £16,433)	17	31	12	16
3rd Quintile (>=£16,433< £25,000)	14	20	20	20
4th Quintile (>=£25,000< £34,167)	2	9	19	16
Top Quintile (>=£34,167)	2	7	41	31
Age 4
Bottom Quintile (<£11,875)	59	35	9	20
2nd Quintile (>=£11,875<£19,444)	24	26	14	18
3rd Quintile (>=£19,444< £25,625)	13	24	22	21
4th Quintile (>=£25,625< £37,500)	2	12	22	18
Top Quintile (>=£37,500)	1	4	33	23
Age 6
Bottom Quintile (<£11,944)	58	37	10	22
2nd Quintile (>=£11,944 <£19,643)	28	33	16	21
3rd Quintile (>=£19,643 < £29,166)	12	18	21	19
4th Quintile (>=£29,166 < £37,500)	1	7	22	16
Top Quintile (>=£37,500)	0	5	31	22
Unweighted bases
Age 2	126	255	1223	1610
Age 4	127	251	1217	1601
Age 6	126	249	1214	1595

Table 2.7 Mothers in receipt of selected benefits when child aged 10 months

	Mothers age at child's birth
	Under 20 years old	20-24 years old	25 years old and above	All
	%	%	%	%
Working Tax Credit	19	33	15	20
Child Tax Credit	89	77	41	56
Income Support	57	23	5	16
Job Seekers Allowance	10	6	1	4
Housing Benefit	51	25	6	16
Council Tax Benefit	43	23	6	15
Incapacity Benefit	19	33	15	20
Disability Living Allowance	89	77	41	56
Unweighted bases	319	609	1983	2919

Table 2.8 Mothers in receipt of selected benefits when child aged 2, 4 and 6 years

	Mothers age at child's birth
	Under 20 years old	20-24 years old	25 years old and above	All
	%	%	%	%
Age 2
Working Tax Credit	30	44	21	26
Child Tax Credit	93	86	69	74
Income Support	52	20	3	11
Job Seekers Allowance	4	2	0	1
Housing Benefit	42	21	4	11
Council Tax Benefit	41	22	4	11
Age 4
Working Tax Credit	37	38	18	24
C'care element of WTC	10	13	6	8
Child Tax Credit	85	83	64	70
Income Support	40	16	3	10
Job Seekers Allowance	2	2	1	1
Housing Benefit	40	22	3	11
Council Tax Benefit	40	22	4	12
Age 6
Working Tax Credit	41	35	17	24
C'care element of WTC	4	6	3	4
Child Tax Credit	93	86	60	70
Income Support	32	18	4	11
Job Seekers Allowance	6	4	1	2
Housing Benefit	46	25	4	14
Council Tax Benefit	44	25	5	14
Unweighted bases
Age 2	130	260	1239	1635
Age 4	133	266	1276	1681
Age 6	133	267	1274	1680

Table 2.9 Housing tenure when child aged 10 months

	Mother's age at child's birth
	Under 20 years old	20-24 years old	25 years old and above	All
	%	%	%	%
Owner occupied	11	28	74	56
Social rented	59	40	9	23
Private rented	25	28	13	18
Other	4	5	3	3
Unweighted bases	358	696	1888	2950

Table 2.10 Housing tenure when child aged 2, 4 and 6 years

	Mother's age at child's birth
	Under 20 years old	20-24 years old	25 years old and above	All
	%	%	%	%
Age 2
Owner occupied	14	40	83	69
Social rented	65	43	9	21
Private rented	13	9	5	6
Other	8	8	2	4
Age 4
Owner occupied	11	39	84	66
Social rented	68	43	10	24
Private rented	15	11	4	7
Other	6	7	2	3
Age 6
Owner occupied	10	35	84	64
Social rented	72	48	10	26
Private rented	14	14	4	7
Other	5	3	1	2
Unweighted bases
Age 2	132	267	1278	1683
Age 4	133	267	1278	1684
Age 6	133	267	1279	1685

Table 2.11 Area deprivation (quintiles) when child aged 10 months

	Mother's age at child's birth
	Under 20 years old	20-24 years old	25 years old and above	All
	%	%	%	%
Least deprived	6	6	23	17
2nd quintile	8	13	21	18
3rd quintile	13	20	23	21
4th quintile	30	26	18	21
Most deprived	42	35	15	23
Unweighted bases	358	700	1890	2956

Table 2.12 Area deprivation (quintiles) when child aged 2, 4 and 6 years

	Mother's age at child's birth
	Under 20 years old	20-24 years old	25 years old and above	All
	%	%	%	%
Age 2
Least deprived	3	7	27	21
2nd quintile	10	13	24	20
3rd quintile	14	18	20	19
4th quintile	23	23	15	17
Most deprived	50	41	15	23
Age 4
Least deprived	4	9	28	21
2nd quintile	10	11	24	20
3rd quintile	11	22	19	19
4th quintile	28	22	14	17
Most deprived	48	36	15	23
Age 6
Least deprived	1	9	28	21
2nd quintile	12	9	25	20
3rd quintile	18	16	19	18
4th quintile	24	27	16	19
Most deprived	46	39	12	22
Unweighted bases
Age 2	133	264	1270	1673
Age 4	133	267	1279	1685
Age 6	133	267	1279	1685

Table 3.1 Number of natural parents in the household when child was aged 10 months

	Mother's age at child's birth
	Under 20 years old	20-24 years old	25 years old and above	All
	%	%	%	%
1	70	44	11	25
2	30	56	89	75
Unweighted bases	319	501	1987	2925

Table 3.2 Whether natural father in household when child was aged 2, 4 and 6 years

	Mother's age at child's birth
	Under 20 years old	20-24 years old	25 years old and above	All
	%	%	%	%
Age 2
Natural father in household	32	59	92	80
Natural father not in household	68	41	8	20
Age 4
Natural father in household	34	55	91	77
Natural father not in household	66	45	9	23
Age 6
Natural father in household	38	56	88	75
Natural father not in household	62	44	12	25
Unweighted bases
Age 2	133	267	1279	1685
Age 4	133	267	1279	1685
Age 6	133	267	1279	1685

Table 3.3 Family type when child was aged 10 months

	Mother's age at child's birth
	Under 20 years old	20-24 years old	25 years old and above	All
	%	%	%	%
Lone Parent	67	39	10	24
Couple Family	33	61	90	76
Unweighted bases	319	611	1987	2925

Table 3.4 Family type when child was aged 2, 4 and 6 years

	Mother's age at child's birth
	Under 20 years old	20-24 years old	25 years old and above	All
	%	%	%	%
Age 2
Lone Parent	64	38	7	19
Couple Family	36	62	93	81
Age 4
Lone Parent	52	37	8	19
Couple Family	48	63	92	81
Age 6
Lone Parent	45	32	10	19
Couple Family	55	68	90	81
Unweighted bases
Age 2	133	267	1279	1685
Age 4	133	267	1279	1685
Age 6	133	267	1279	1685

Table 3.5 Mothers reporting a new partner living in household in last year when child was aged 2, 4 and 6 years

	Mother's age at child's birth
	Under 20 years old	20-24 years old	25 years old and above	All
	%	%	%	%
Age 2
New parent/partner	9	5	1	2
Age 4
New parent/partner	11	5	1	3
Age 6
New parent/partner	6	3	1	2
Unweighted bases
Age 2	151	303	1333	1793
Age 4	151	303	1333	1793
Age 5	151	303	1332	1792

Table 3.6 Number of people living in the household when child was aged 10 months

	Mother's age at child's birth
	Under 20 years old	20-24 years old	25 years old and above	All
	%	%	%	%
2	38	28	8	15
3	34	53	84	72
4	13	9	6	8
5 or more	15	10	2	5
Unweighted bases	319	501	1987	2925

Table 3.7 Total number of children living in the household when child was aged 10 months

	Mother's age at child's birth
	Under 20 years old	20-24 years old	25 years old and above	All
	%	%	%	%
1	87	95	94	94
2	9	5	5	6
3	4	0	0	1
Unweighted bases	319	501	1987	2925

Table 3.8 Total number of children in household when child was aged 2, 4 and 6 years

	Mother's age at child's birth
	Under 20 years old	20-24 years old	25 years old and above	All
	%	%	%	%
Age 2
1	83	87	84	84
2	14	12	16	15
3	3	1	0	1
4	-	1	0	0
Age 4
1	55	57	45	49
2	35	38	52	47
3	10	4	3	4
4	-	1	0	0
Age 6
1	39	39	33	35
2	41	51	57	53
3	19	9	10	11
4	1	1	1	1
Unweighted bases
Age 2	133	267	1279	1685
Age 4	133	267	1279	1685
Age 6	133	267	1279	1685

Table 3.9 Number of children living in the household, including the cohort child, who are the mother's offspring (number of mother's subsequent live births^[25]) when child is aged 2, 4 and 6

	Mother's age at child's birth
	Under 20 years old	20-24 years old	25 years old and above	All
	%	%	%	%
Age 2
1 (0)	89	90	85	86
2 (1)	11	10	14	13
3 (2)	0	0	0	0
4 or more (3 or more)	0	0	0	0
Age 4
1 (0)	57	57	46	50
2 (1)	36	40	51	47
3 (2)	6	3	3	3
4 or more (3 or more)	0	0	0	0
Age 6
1 (0)	41	39	33	35
2 (1)	41	53	57	53
3 (2)	17	7	9	11
4 or more (3 or more)	1	1	0	1
Unweighted bases
Age 2	132	263	1251	1647
Age 4	128	258	1234	1621
Age 6	128	258	1250	1642

Table 3.10 Number of adults living in the household when child was aged 10 months

	Mother's age at child's birth
	Under 20 years old	20-24 years old	25 years old and above	All
	%	%	%	%
1	39	28	8	16
2	37	55	88	75
3	15	9	2	5
4 or more	8	8	2	3
Unweighted bases	319	501	1987	2925

Table 3.11 Number of adults in household when child was aged 2, 4 and 6 years

	Mother's age at child's birth
	Under 20 years old	20-24 years old	25 years old and above	All
	%	%	%	%
Age 2
1	42	28	6	14
2	37	61	91	80
3	11	7	2	4
4 or more	9	4	1	2
Age 4
1	44	30	7	16
2	45	63	90	79
3	4	3	3	3
4 or more	7	4	0	2
Age 6
1	37	28	9	17
2	57	67	88	80
3	3	2	2	2
4 or more	4	3	0	1
Unweighted bases
Age 2	133	267	1279	1685
Age 4	133	267	1279	1685
Age 6	133	267	1279	1685

Table 3.12 Whether grandparent living in the household when child was aged 10 months

	Mother's age at child's birth
	Under 20 years old	20-24 years old	25 years old and above	All
	%	%	%	%
No	69	81	96	90
Yes	31	19	4	10
Unweighted bases	319	501	1987	2925

Table 3.13 Whether grandparent living in the household when child was aged 2, 4 and 6 years

	Mother's age at child's birth
	Under 20 years old	20-24 years old	25 years old and above	All
	%	%	%	%
Age 2
No	79	89	97	94
Yes	21	11	3	6
Age 4
No	87	91	98	95
Yes	13	9	2	5
Age 6
No	91	94	99	97
Yes	9	6	1	3
Unweighted bases
Age 2	133	267	1279	1685
Age 4	133	267	1279	1685
Age 6	133	267	1279	1685

Table 3.14 Mother's marital status when child was aged 10 months

	Mother's age at child's birth
	Under 20 years old	20-24 years old	25 years old and above	All
	%	%	%	%
Single, that is, never married	96	85	34	53
Married and living with husband or wife	3	13	61	44
Separated or Divorced	0	2	2	1
Widowed or other	1	0	3	2
Unweighted bases	319	501	1987	2925

Table 3.15 Mother's marital status when child was aged 2, 4 and 6 years

	Mother's age at child's birth
	Under 20 years old	20-24 years old	25 years old and above	All
	%	%	%	%
Age 2
Single, that is, never married	95	70	25	40
Married or civil partner and living with husband or wife or partner	3	28	71	57
Separated or Divorced	1	1	4	3
Widowed or other	1	-	0	0
Age 4
Single, that is, never married	88	64	22	38
Married or civil partner and living with husband or wife or partner	7	32	74	57
Separated or Divorced	1	3	4	4
Widowed or other	3	-	0	1
Age 6
Single, that is, never married	82	60	20	37
Married or civil partner and living with husband or wife or partner	17	37	74	59
Separated or Divorced	1	3	5	4
Widowed or other	1	-	0	0
Unweighted bases
Age 2	133	267	1279	1685
Age 4	133	267	1279	1685
Age 6	133	267	1279	1685

Table 3.16 Conflict in relationship with partner when child was aged 10 months

	Mother's age at child's birth
	Under 20 years old	20-24 years old	25 years old and above	All
	%	%	%	%
Has respondent cursed or sworn at partner	92	81	71	74
Has partner cursed or sworn at respondent	91	76	63	67
Has respondent ordered partner around	59	57	59	59
Has partner ordered respondent around	51	42	43	43
Has respondent insulted/shamed partner in front of others	15	11	5	7
Has partner insulted/shamed respondent in front of others	18	11	6	7
Unweighted bases	102	282	1778	2253

Table 3.17 Conflict in relationship with partner - score when child was aged 10 months

	Mother's age at child's birth
	Under 20 years old	20-24 years old	25 years old and above	All
	%	%	%	%
Low	8	17	24	22
Medium	36	39	40	40
High	56	44	36	39
Unweighted bases	102	282	1778	2253

Table 3.18 Whether child has current contact with non-resident father when aged 10 months

	Mother's age at child's birth
	Under 20 years old	20-24 years old	25 years old and above	All
	%	%	%	%
Yes	72	74	72	72
No	28	26	27	27
Unweighted bases	220	212	192	651

Table 3.19 How often child sees non-resident father when aged 10 months

	Mother's age at child's birth
	Under 20 years old	20-24 years old	25 years old and above	All
	%	%	%	%
Every day	39	34	30	35
5-6 times a week	7	15	10	11
3-4 times a week	20	19	20	20
Once or twice a week	23	22	22	23
Less often but at least once a month	7	5	11	7
Less often than once a month	3	5	5	4
Never	1	-	2	1
Unweighted bases	160	156	137	468

Table 3.20 Number of close friends when child was aged 10 months

	Mother's age at child's birth
	Under 20 years old	20-24 years old	25 years old and above	All
	%	%	%	%
None	4	4	2	2
1 or 2	29	22	11	16
Between 3 and 5	50	49	47	48
Between 6 and 10	13	19	30	25
More than 10	4	7	10	9
Unweighted bases	319	501	1987	2925

Table 3.21 Respondent's friends take notice of opinion when child was aged 2 and four

	Mother's age at child's birth
	Under 20 years old	20-24 years old	25 years old and above	All
	%	%	%	%
Age 2
Agree	78	81	86	84
Neither agree nor disagree	18	16	13	14
Disagree	2	2	1	1
I don't have any friends	2	1	0	1
Age 4
Agree	80	82	88	86
Neither agree nor disagree	16	15	10	12
Disagree	1	2	1	1
I don't have any friends	1	0	1	1
Unweighted bases
Age 2	171	338	1386	1901
Age 4	173	340	1388	1906

Table 3.22 Number of close relationships when child was aged 2 and 4 years

	Mother's age at child's birth
	Under 20 years old	20-24 years old	25 years old and above	All
	%	%	%	%
Age 2
I have close relationships with lots of people	43	40	32	35
I have close relationships with some people	39	38	48	45
I have close relationships with one or two people	15	21	18	18
I don't have any close relationships	3	1	2	2
Age 4
I have close relationships with lots of people	38	42	31	34
I have close relationships with some people	46	36	50	46
I have close relationships with one or two people	14	20	18	18
I don't have any close relationships	2	2	2	2
Unweighted bases
Age 2	171	338	1386	1901
Age 4	175	346	1410	1936

Table 3.23 Respondent close to most of family when child was aged 2 and 4

	Mother's age at child's birth
	Under 20 years old	20-24 years old	25 years old and above	All
	%	%	%	%
Age 2
Agree	82	85	86	85
Neither agree nor disagree	8	8	7	8
Disagree	10	6	6	6
I don't have any family	0	0	0	0
Age 4
Agree strongly	84	83	86	85
Neither agree nor disagree	10	8	7	8
Disagree	6	7	7	7
I don't have any family	-	1	0	0
Unweighted bases
Age 2	171	338	1386	1901
Age 4	173	340	1388	1906

Table 3.24 Perception of level of support from family and friends

	Mother's age at child's birth
	Under 20 years old	20-24 years old	25 years old and above	All
	%	%	%	%
Age 2
I get enough help	82	78	80	80
I don't get enough help	11	13	13	13
I don't get any help	2	5	5	5
I don't need any help	6	4	2	3
Age 4
I get enough help	83	80	77	78
I don't get enough help	11	13	16	14
I don't get any help	3	5	5	4
I don't need any help	3	3	3	3
Unweighted bases
Age 2	171	338	1385	1900
Age 4	173	340	1388	1906

Table 4.1 Mother's general health when child was aged 10 months

	Mother's age at child's birth
	Under 20 years old	20-24 years old	25 years old and above	All
	%	%	%	%
Excellent	19	21	26	24
Very Good	40	35	42	41
Good	27	28	23	25
Fair	12	12	7	9
Poor	3	2	1	2
Unweighted bases	317	491	1967	2889

Table 4.2 Mother's general health when child was aged 2, 4 and 6 years

	Mother's age at child's birth
	Under 20 years old	20-24 years old	25 years old and above	All
	%	%	%	%
Age 2
Excellent/ Very Good	51	53	64	61
Good	30	32	25	27
Fair	16	14	8	10
Poor	2	1	2	2
Can't say	-	-	0	0
Age 4
Excellent/ Very Good	46	43	58	54
Good	31	40	30	32
Fair	18	15	10	12
Poor	5	2	2	2
Can't say	1	1	0	0
Age 6
Excellent/ Very Good	43	41	56	52
Good	31	38	31	32
Fair	19	16	10	12
Poor	8	5	3	4
Can't say	-	-	0	0
Unweighted bases
Age 2	131	265	1273	1675
Age 4	133	267	1276	1681
Age 6	132	267	1275	1680

Table 4.3 Mother had health problem or disability when child was aged 10 months

	Mother's age at child's birth
	Under 20 years old	20-24 years old	25 years old and above	All
	%	%	%	%
Yes	12	12	12	12
No	88	88	88	88
Unweighted bases	317	597	1967	2889

Table 4.4 Mother had health problem or disability when child was aged 2, 4 and 6 years

	Mother's age at child's birth
	Under 20 years old	20-24 years old	25 years old and above	All
	%	%	%	%
Age 2
Yes	15	15	16	16
No	85	85	84	84
Age 4
Yes	20	16	19	18
No	80	84	81	82
Age 6
Yes	25	17	19	20
No	75	83	81	80
Unweighted bases
Age 2	131	265	1272	1674
Age 4	133	267	1276	1681
Age 6	132	267	1275	1680

Table 4.5 SF-12 physical wellbeing when child was aged 10 months

	Mother's age at child's birth
	Under 20 years old	20-24 years old	25 years old and above	All
	%	%	%	%
Poor physical wellbeing	10	15	8	10
Average or good physical wellbeing	90	85	92	90
Unweighted bases	319	501	1987	2925

*Poor physical wellbeing defined as 1 SD below mean

Table 4.6 SF-12 mental wellbeing when child was aged 10 months

	Mother's age at child's birth
	Under 20 years old	20-24 years old	25 years old and above	All
	%	%	%	%
Poor mental wellbeing	19	18	12	14
Average or good mental wellbeing	81	82	88	86
Unweighted bases	319	501	1987	2925

*Poor mental health defined as 1 SD below the mean

Table 4.7 DASS score above standard deviation (indicating poorer mental health*) when child was aged 2 and 4 years

	Mother's age at child's birth
	Under 20 years old	20-24 years old	25 years old and above	All
	%	%	%	%
Age 2
No	79	74	87	83
Yes-above SD	21	26	13	17
Age 4
No	79	84	92	88
Yes-above SD	21	16	8	12
Unweighted bases
Age 2	171	338	1385	1899
Age 4	173	340	1387	1905

* above 1 SD indicates high depression/stress

Table 4.8 Whether mother smoked when child was aged 10 months

	Mother's age at child's birth
	Under 20 years old	20-24 years old	25 years old and above	All
	%	%	%	%
Yes	47	40	13	23
No	53	60	87	77
Unweighted bases	317	491	1967	2889

Table 4.9 How often mother drank alcohol when child was aged 10 months

	Mother's age at child's birth
	Under 20 years old	20-24 years old	25 years old and above	All
	%	%	%	%
Never	19	22	17	18
Monthly or less	53	54	37	42
2-4 times per month	26	21	30	28
2-3 times per week	2	2	14	10
4+ times per week	-	0	2	2
Unweighted bases	317	491	1967	2889

Table 4.10 Units of alcohol on a typical day when drinking when child was aged 10 months

	Mother's age at child's birth
	Under 20 years old	20-24 years old	25 years old and above	All
	%	%	%	%
1-2	25	31	46	40
3-4	22	23	29	27
5-6	18	18	14	15
7-9	15	18	9	11
10+	20	11	2	6
Unweighted bases	250	380	1646	2364

Table 4.11 Whether mother had ever taken drugs by time child was aged 10 months

	Mother's age at child's birth
	Under 20 years old	20-24 years old	25 years old and above	All
	%	%	%	%
Cannabis	23	22	25	24
Amphetamines	3	4	5	5
Cocaine	7	7	5	5
Crack	-	0	0	0
Ecstasy	6	6	6	6
Heroin	-	0	1	1
Methadone	-	-	1	1
LSD	1	-	3	2
Another illegal drug	1	1	0	1
Never taken any of these drugs	76	76	73	74
Unweighted bases	317	491	1966	2888

Table 4.12 Whether mother had taken drugs in the past 12 months when child was aged 10 months

	Mother's age at child's birth
	Under 20 years old	20-24 years old	25 years old and above	All
	%	%	%	%
Cannabis	17	17	7	10
Amphetamines	-	1	0	0
Cocaine	1	3	1	1
Ecstasy	-	1	1	1
Heroin	-	-	0	0
Methadone	-	-	3	2
LSD	-	-	0	0
Another illegal drug	1	1	-	0
None	82	82	90	87
Unweighted bases	75	115	525	739

Table 5.1 Self-reported health during pregnancy

	Mother's age at child's birth
	Under 20 years old	20-24 years old	25 years old and above	All
	%	%	%	%
Very well	45	48	57	53
Fairly well	39	32	29	31
Not very well	11	13	10	11
Not at all well	4	8	4	5
Unweighted bases	312	493	1939	2853

Table 5.2 Any illnesses and problems during pregnancy

	Mother's age at child's birth
	Under 20 years old	20-24 years old	25 years old and above	All
	%	%	%	%
Yes	36	37	40	39
No	64	63	60	61
Unweighted bases	312	494	1940	2855

Table 5.3 Use of folic acid

	Mother's age at child's birth
	Under 20 years old	20-24 years old	25 years old and above	All
	%	%	%	%
Took Folic acid before pregnant	13	25	62	48
Took Folic acid 1st 3 months pregnant	81	86	96	92
Did not take any folic acid	18	13	3	8
Unweighted bases	312	494	1940	2855

Note: Respondents could report taking folic acid both before conceiving and during the first trimester.

Table 5.4 Use of vitamin D

	Mother's age at child's birth
	Under 20 years old	20-24 years old	25 years old and above	All
	%	%	%	%
Taken prior to becoming pregnant	3	5	23	16
Taken during the first 3 months	18	22	43	36
During the second 3 months	16	18	36	30
During the last 3 months	14	16	33	27
No Vitamin D supplement	77	72	49	57
Unweighted bases	312	493	1931	2845

Table 5.5 Whether pregnancy was planned or unplanned

	Mother's age at child's birth
	Under 20 years old	20-24 years old	25 years old and above	All
	%	%	%	%
It was planned by me and my partner / child's father (we both hoped it would happen)	13	33	76	58
It was planned by me, but not really by my partner / child's father (I hoped it would happen)	1	1	1	1
It wasn't planned, but I / we didn't do anything to prevent it happening (didn't mind)	28	26	13	18
It wasn't planned at all	58	39	10	23
Unweighted bases	312	493	1931	2845

Table 5.6 Frequency of alcohol consumption during pregnancy

	Mother's age at child's birth
	Under 20 years old	20-24 years old	25 years old and above	All
	%	%	%	%
Every day	-	0	0	0
1-2 times a week	1	1	1	1
2-3 times a month	1	0	4	3
Less than once a month	8	9	18	15
Never	90	90	77	81
Unweighted bases	308	482	1919	2814

Table 5.7 Smoking behaviour during pregnancy (base = all)

	Mother's age at child's birth
	Under 20 years old	20-24 years old	25 years old and above	All
	%	%	%	%
Yes, I continued smoking as before I was pregnant	8	5	1	3
Yes, I tried to stop but didn't manage to	6	8	2	4
Yes, but I reduced the amount I smoked	20	14	5	9
Yes, but I stopped (when I found out I was pregnant)	20	15	8	11
No, I didn't smoke at all when I was pregnant	46	57	84	73
Unweighted bases	308	482	1919	2814

Table 5.8 Smoking behaviour during pregnancy (base = only those who smoked at all during pregnancy)

	Mother's age at child's birth
	Under 20 years old	20-24 years old	25 years old and above	All
	%	%	%	%
I continued smoking as before I was pregnant	15	12	8	11
I tried to stop but didn't manage to	12	20	10	14
I reduced the amount I smoked	36	33	33	33
I stopped (when I found out I was pregnant)	37	36	50	42
Unweighted bases	169	210	292	706

Table 5.9 Drug use during pregnancy (base = those who had ever taken drugs)

	Mother's age at child's birth
	Under 20 years old	20-24 years old	25 years old and above	All
	%	%	%	%
Yes, I continued taking drugs as before I was pregnant	1	1	1	1
Yes, I tried to stop but didn't manage	-	-	0	0
Yes, but I reduced the amount	-	2	3	2
Yes, but I stopped (when I found out I was pregnant)	2	3	1	2
No, I stopped whilst trying to get pregnant	2	1	1	1
No, I had stopped a long time before becoming pregnant	18	27	37	33
No, I didn't take any drugs while I was pregnant	77	66	58	61
Unweighted bases	73	113	506	715

Table 5.10 Type of delivery

	Mother's age at child's birth
	Under 20 years old	20-24 years old	25 years old and above	All
	%	%	%	%
Normal delivery	72	57	44	50
Forceps	9	12	18	16
Ventouse Suction	3	4	4	4
Forceps and Ventouse	1	2	1	1
Caesarean Section … before labour began	3	6	11	9
Caesarean Section … after labour began	11	18	22	20
Other	0	1	0	0
Unweighted bases	312	494	1940	2855

Table 5.11 Mother's perceived experience and expectations of child's birth

	Mother's age at child's birth
	Under 20 years old	20-24 years old	25 years old and above	All
	%	%	%	%
It was much worse than I had expected	9	12	12	12
It was worse than I had expected	13	14	18	16
It was much as I had expected	14	14	23	20
It was better than I had expected	31	29	24	26
It was much better than I had expected	21	16	11	13
I didn't know what to expect	11	15	12	13
Unweighted bases	312	493	1937	2851

Table 5.12 Who was present at child's birth

	Mother's age at child's birth
	Under 20 years old	20-24 years old	25 years old and above	All
	%	%	%	%
No one else	3	1	2	2
Baby's father	71	83	93	89
Friend	3	2	2	2
Mother (in law)	57	41	11	23
Someone else	14	11	4	6
Unweighted bases	312	494	1940	2855

Table 5.13 Birth weight

	Mother's age at child's birth
	Under 20 years old	20-24 years old	25 years old and above	All
	%	%	%	%
Low Birth weight	5	6	8	8
Birth weight not low	95	94	92	92
Unweighted bases	318	499	1985	2915

Table 5.14 Gestation at delivery

	Mother's age at child's birth
	Under 20 years old	20-24 years old	25 years old and above	All
	%	%	%	%
Early	35	36	39	37
Late	57	53	48	50
On time	8	11	13	12
Unweighted bases	319	501	1987	2920

Table 6.1 Attendance at ante-natal classes prior to child's birth

	Mother's age at child's birth
	Under 20 years old	20-24 years old	25 years old and above	All
	%	%	%	%
Yes and went to all or most of the classes	22	28	67	53
Yes, but only went to some of the classes	16	21	15	16
No, did not attend any	62	51	18	31
Unweighted bases	316	500	1986	2918

Table 6.2 Parenting programmes ever attended by time child was aged 10 months

	Mother's age at child's birth
	Under 20 years old	20-24 years old	25 years old and above	All
	%	%	%	%
Did not take part in parenting programme	79	76	49	59
Took part in Triple P-Positive Parenting Programme	1	1	1	1
Took part in baby massage	16	17	42	33
Took part in Incredible Years Programme	0	0	0	0
Took part in Bricks & Mortar Parenting Programme	0	0	0	0
Took part in Mellow Parenting	1	0	0	0
Took part in baby yoga	0	0	2	1
Took part in swimming classes	0	0	3	2
Took part in baby sensory	0	1	4	3
Took part in tuneful tots (music/rhymes)	1	1	5	3
Took part in PEEP parent education	0	0	2	1
Took part in Book Bug/libraries	0	0	2	1
Took part in other programme	6	5	11	9
Respondent can't remember programme name	2	1	1	1
Unweighted bases	316	500	1987	2919

Table 6.3 Contact with health visitor in first three months after child's birth

	Mother's age at child's birth
	Under 20 years old	20-24 years old	25 years old and above	All
	%	%	%	%
More than once a week	8	6	5	5
About once a week	29	33	29	30
Two or three times a month	25	24	23	23
About once a month	16	18	24	22
Less often than once a month	17	16	15	15
Never	5	3	4	4
Unweighted bases	311	493	1934	2846

Table 6.4 Sources of information and advice used when child was aged 10 months

	Mother's age at child's birth
	Under 20 years old	20-24 years old	25 years old and above	All
	%	%	%	%
Childcare Link website / phoneline	1	2	2	2
ParentLine Scotland email / phoneline	0	0	0	0
ChildSmile website / dental services	22	28	27	27
Play, Talk, Read website	6	9	11	10
play@home booklets	9	14	19	16
None of these	68	60	55	58
Unweighted bases	316	500	1987	2919

Table 6.5 Preferred method of parenting information and advice when child was aged 10 months

	Mother's age at child's birth
	Under 20 years old	20-24 years old	25 years old and above	All
	%	%	%	%
In person, on a one-to-one basis from someone like a health	58	54	48	50
In person at a seminar or group	1	2	7	5
In person from family or friends	28	29	21	23
Books, magazines or leaflets	4	5	8	7
Internet websites	4	8	11	10
Internet forums (e.g. Mumsnet)	2	2	4	3
TV programmes or DVDs	1	1	0	1
Something else	1	0	1	1
Unweighted bases	316	499	1983	2914

Table 6.6 Sources used for information of child's health when child was aged 2 and 4 years

	Mother's age at child's birth
	Under 20 years old	20-24 years old	25 years old and above	All
	%	%	%	%
Age 2
Books/leaflets	7	12	21	18
Internet	3	12	21	17
Family doctor/GP	62	71	79	76
Respondents own parents	47	50	46	47
Partner's parents	9	17	20	18
Other parents	2	3	7	6
Respondents grandparents	5	6	1	3
Partner's grandparents	1	1	1	1
Other families	10	21	32	28
Practice nurse	6	5	5	5
Health visitor	36	38	37	37
NHS 24	28	31	39	36
Pre-school staff	1	2	4	3
Other carers	1	1	2	2
Other professional	6	4	7	6
None of sources	24	15	10	13
Age 4
Books/leaflets	3	7	11	9
Internet	9	12	23	19
Family doctor/GP	54	66	63	62
Respondents own parents	40	39	33	35
Partner's parents	6	13	12	12
Other parents	2	3	5	4
Respondents grandparents	6	2	1	2
Partner's grandparents	1	0	1	1
Other families	10	14	23	19
Practice nurse	21	21	16	18
Health visitor	6	8	8	7
Psychologist	2	1	1	1
NHS 24	25	30	28	28
Pre-school staff	9	7	8	8
Other carers	1	1	1	1
LA staff	1	1	1	1
Social workers	1	0	1	1
Other professional	6	4	7	6
None of sources	32	23	23	24
Unweighted bases
Age 2	167	325	1365	1863
Age 3	167	325	1365	1863
Age 4	167	325	1365	1863

Table 6.7 Sources used for information on child's behaviour when child was aged 2 and 3 years

	Mother's age at child's birth
	Under 20 years old	20-24 years old	25 years old and above	All
	%	%	%	%
Age 2
Books/leaflets	4	7	13	11
Internet	2	4	9	7
Family doctor/GP	9	9	4	6
Respondents own parents	25	32	25	26
Partner's parents	3	9	10	9
Other parents	3	4	8	6
Respondents grandparents	2	2	0	1
Other families	8	17	24	20
Practice nurse	18	20	14	16
NHS 24	4	2	2	2
Pre-school staff	5	4	5	5
Other carers	1	2	2	2
Social workers	2	0	0	1
Other professional	1	2	1	1
None	60	52	53	53
Age 3
Books/leaflets	5	7	12	10
Internet	2	6	12	9
Family doctor/GP	7	12	8	8
Respondents own parents	27	32	28	29
Partner's parents	3	10	12	10
Other parents	2	4	6	5
Respondents grandparents	3	4	1	2
Other families	11	19	29	24
Practice nurse	18	18	13	15
Health visitor	0	-	1	1
Psychologist	-	1	1	1
NHS 24	2	3	2	2
Pre-school staff	7	10	10	10
Other carers	1	1	3	2
Social workers	3	1	0	1
Other professional	2	2	1	1
Other	1	1	1	1
None	58	49	49	50
Unweighted bases
Age 2	199	356	1432	1993
Age 3	199	356	1433	1994

Table 6.8 Services / individuals who saw child in last year when child was aged 2 and 4 years

	Mother's age at child's birth
	Under 20 years old	20-24 years old	25 years old and above	All
	%	%	%	%
Age 2
Local doctor/GP	86	91	90	89
Health visitor	69	62	62	62
Practice nurse	10	17	19	17
Social worker	7	2	1	2
Child psychologist	-	-	1	1
Other professional	30	42	54	49
Other support service	2	-	1	1
No-one	3	1	1	1
Age 4
Local doctor/GP	81	81	79	79
Health visitor	41	33	32	34
Practice nurse	11	13	16	15
Social worker	8	3	1	3
Child psychologist	2	3	2	2
Other professional	45	50	57	54
Other support service	4	2	2	2
No-one	7	5	5	5
Unweighted bases
Age 2	173	340	1392	1911
Age 4	174	340	1392	1912

Table 6.9 Attitudes to receiving advice and support on parenting when child was aged 10 months

	Mother's age at child's birth
	Under 20 years old	20-24 years old	25 years old and above	All
	%	%	%	%
If you ask for help or advice doctors/social workers try to take over	24	14	6	10
Professionals do not offer enough support/advice about parenting	20	18	14	16
Others would probably think that you were bad parent if get advice/support about parenting	30	17	9	13
Difficult to ask people for help/advice unless you know them very well	42	31	19	25
Hard to know who to ask for advice about being a parent	27	20	17	19
Unweighted bases	313	496	1973	2897

Table 6.10 Attitudes to receiving advice and support on parenting when child was aged 2 and 4 years

	Mother's age at child's birth
	Under 20 years old	20-24 years old	25 years old and above	All
	%	%	%	%
Age 2
If you ask for help or advice doctors/social workers try to take over	21	11	4	8
Professionals do not offer enough support/advice about parenting	22	21	15	17
Others would probably think that you were bad parent if get advice/support about parenting	29	25	17	20
Age 4
If you ask for help or advice doctors/social workers try to take over	21	13	4	8
Professionals do not offer enough support/advice about parenting	20	20	13	16
Others would probably think that you were bad parent if get advice/support about parenting	38	28	19	24
Unweighted bases
Age 2	166	327	1352	1851
Age 4	168	327	1355	1856

Table 6.11 How easy or difficult to find someone to look after child at short notice when child was aged 10 months

	Mother's age at child's birth
	Under 20 years old	20-24 years old	25 years old and above	All
	%	%	%	%
Very easy	47	53	39	43
Fairly easy	38	29	35	34
Neither easy nor difficult	4	6	5	5
Fairly difficult	6	7	12	10
Very difficult	5	4	8	7
Would not do this	-	1	0	0
Unweighted bases	316	500	1985	2917

Table 6.12 How easy or difficult is it to leave child with someone for a couple of hours during the day when child was aged 2 and 4 years

	Mother's age at child's birth
	Under 20 years old	20-24 years old	25 years old and above	All
	%	%	%	%
Age 2
Very/ fairly easy	83	77	75	77
Neither easy nor difficult	3	5	6	6
Fairly/ Very difficult	13	18	19	18
Would not do this	-	-	0	0
Age 4
Very/ fairly easy	82	79	79	79
Neither easy nor difficult	5	6	6	6
Fairly/ Very difficult	13	14	15	14
Would not do this	-	-	0	0
Unweighted bases
Age 2	167	325	1365	1863
Age 4	167	325	1365	1863

Table 6.13 How easy or difficult is it to leave child with someone for whole day when child was aged 2 and 4 years

	Mother's age at child's birth
	Under 20 years old	20-24 years old	25 years old and above	All
	%	%	%	%
Age 2
Very/ fairly easy	68	65	63	64
Neither easy nor difficult	12	9	8	9
Fairly/ Very difficult	20	26	28	26
Would not do this	1	1	1	1
Age 4
Very/ fairly easy	70	69	66	67
Neither easy nor difficult	7	9	9	9
Fairly/ Very difficult	24	23	25	24
Would not do this	-	-	0	0
Unweighted bases
Age 2	167	325	1365	1863
Age 4	167	325	1365	1863

Table 6.14 How easy or difficult is it to leave child with someone overnight when child was aged 2 and 4 years

	Mother's age at child's birth
	Under 20 years old	20-24 years old	25 years old and above	All
	%	%	%	%
Age 2
Very easy or fairly easy	68	65	62	64
Neither easy nor difficult	9	10	8	8
Fairly or very difficult	20	21	26	25
Would not do this	3	4	4	4
Age 4
Very easy or fairly easy	64	67	63	64
Neither easy nor difficult	13	10	10	10
Fairly or very difficult	23	23	26	24
Would not do this	-	1	2	1
Unweighted bases
Age 2	167	325	1365	1863
Age 4	166	325	1364	1861

Table 6.15 Who would mother call on for help with looking after child at short notice when child was aged 2 and 4 years

	Mother's age at child's birth
	Under 20 years old	20-24 years old	25 years old and above	All
	%	%	%	%
Age 2
Former spouse or partner	3	2	1	2
My mother/father	72	68	57	61
Mother-in-law/father-in-law	6	13	19	16
My grandmother/grandfather	5	2	1	2
Sister/brother	5	5	7	6
Aunt/uncle/cousin	2	2	2	2
Friend/ neighbour	4	7	9	8
Child minder	-	2	2	2
Someone else	2	0	1	1
None of these/would not ask for help	1	-	0	0
Age 4
Former spouse or partner	5	3	1	2
My mother/father	70	65	58	61
Mother-in-law/father-in-law	7	13	17	15
My grandmother/grandfather	1	5	1	2
Sister/brother	5	5	6	6
Aunt/uncle/cousin	2	2	2	2
Friend/neighbour	5	4	9	8
Child minder	1	1	2	2
Someone else	1	0	2	1
None of these/would not ask for help	-	1	1	1
Unweighted bases
Age 2	167	325	1364	1862
Age 4	167	325	1365	1863