Publication - Advice and guidance

Expert Commission on Energy Regulation: main report

Published: 10 July 2014
Directorate: Energy and Climate Change Directorate
Topic: Business, industry and innovation, Energy, Environment and climate change
ISBN: 9781784126056

The final report of the Expert Commission on Energy Regulation, including the Commission's conclusions and key messages.

Supporting documents

Footnotes

¹ https://www.ofgem.gov.uk/ofgem-publications/76390/ofgem-discovery-pr8-2.pdf

² http://consumerinsight.which.co.uk/tracker

³ Examples include the development of Ireland's Single Energy Market, and reforms to the UK electricity market, which began in 2010 and are only now nearing completion.

⁴ Council of European Energy Regulators.

⁵ Agency for the Cooperation of Energy Regulators.

⁶ Energy Community Regulators Body.

⁷ The CACM Framework Guidance (section 2.2) makes it clear that overall market efficiency includes consideration of 'socio-economic welfare, liquidity, competition, network structure and topology, planned network reinforcement and re-dispatch costs'. Section 1.1 also notes that in evaluating the proposed CACM Network Code, ACER will take account of the need to fulfill security of supply objectives and the Union's targets for penetration of renewable generation.

⁸ http://www.theiet.org/factfiles/energy/elec-shock-page.cfm

⁹ https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/279546/DUKES_2013_Chapter_5.pdf

¹⁰ British Geological Survey response Energy and Climate Change Committee inquiry into energy security, 2011.

¹¹ https://www.ofgem.gov.uk/ofgem-publications/40204/gas-sos-report.pdf

¹² https://www.ofgem.gov.uk/ofgem-publications/75232/electricity-capacity-assessment-report-2013.pdf

¹³ http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32005L0089

¹⁴ See: EU Regulation on wholesale Energy Market Integrity and Transparency ( REMIT). http://www.acer.europa.eu/remit/Pages/Background.aspx

¹⁵ https://www.ofgem.gov.uk//electricity/wholesale-market/european-market

¹⁶ http://www.nao.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/10303-001-Levy-Control-Framework.pdf

¹⁷ Heat networks may have a more prominent role in the future as they provide economic and technical options that can assist with integration of electricity and gas in a high renewables environment.

¹⁸ https://www.ofgem.gov.uk/news/state-competition-energy-market

¹⁹ https://www.ofgem.gov.uk/ofgem-publications/76124/discoveryfs.pdf

²⁰ https://www.ofgem.gov.uk/ofgem-publications/76242/20121217-press-release-riio.pdf

²¹ http://www.nao.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Departmental_Overview_Ofgem.pdf

²² http://www2.nationalgrid.com/UK/Industry-information/System-charges/Electricity-transmission/Transmission-Network-Use-of-System-Charges/Tools-and-Data/

²³ https://www.ofgem.gov.uk/publications-and-updates/project-transmit-update-progress-and-way-forward

²⁴ https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/229469/hydro_benefit_replacement_scheme_response.pdf

²⁵ http://www2.nationalgrid.com/UK/Industry-information/System-charges/Electricity-transmission/Assistance-for-areas-with-high-distribution-costs/AAHEDCChargingStatement2013_14FINAL.pdf

²⁶ https://www.ofgem.gov.uk/ofgem-publications/43538/shepdninesconsultation.pdf

²⁷ https://www.ofgem.gov.uk/ofgem-publications/87381/ofgemdeterminationofshepdsubmissionundercrc18a.pdf

²⁸ https://www.ofgem.gov.uk/ofgem-publications/64006/householdenergybillsexplainedudjuly2013web.pdf

²⁹ http://marketrealist.com/2014/04/effect-ukraine-crisis-natural-gas-markets/

³⁰ Directive 2009/72/EC Concerning common rules for the internal market in electricity and repealing directive 2003.54/EC.

³¹ Directive 2009/73/EC Concerning common rules for the internal market in electricity and repealing directive 2003.55/EC.

³² Including, but not limited to: Utility Regulator - Northern Ireland & Commission for Energy Regulation - Ireland, European Commission - DG Energy, Agency for the Cooperation of Energy Regulators ( ACER), Council of European Energy Regulators ( CEER), European Network for Transmission System Operators - Electricity (ENTSO-E), NVE - Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate, Ei - Swedish Energy Markets Inspectorate, ERSE - Entidade Reguladora Dos Servicos Energeticos, Portugal, Minnesota Public Utility Regulator, USA.

³³ http://www.theiet.org/factfiles/energy/elec-shock-page.cfm?origin=myc-pnjv

³⁴ https://www.ofgem.gov.uk/electricity/retail-market/market-review-and-reform/smarter-markets-programme/electricity-settlement

³⁵ https://www.ofgem.gov.uk/ofgem-publications/40204/gas-sos-report.pdf

³⁶ Laws of Minnesota, 2007, Ch. 136, (Art. 1, Sec. 2, Subd. 2) Energy Policy Goals. It is the energy policy of the state of Minnesota that: 1. The per capita use of fossil fuel as an energy input be reduced by 15 percent by the year 2015, through increased reliance on energy efficiency and renewable energy alternatives; and 2.5 percent of the total energy used in the state be derived from renewable energy resources by the year 2025.

³⁷ Presentation on Energy efficiency in the State of Minnesota, courtesy of the Minnesota Public Utility.

³⁸ Alberto Pototschnig, Director of the Agency for the Cooperation of Energy Regulators ( ACER), 4/02/14.

³⁹ http://www.ceer.eu/portal/page/portal/EER_HOME/EER_ABOUT/Tab

⁴⁰ http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/0044/00444530.pdf

⁴¹ http://ec.europa.eu/competition/state_aid/modernisation/centeno-lopez_en.pdf

⁴² https://www.ofgem.gov.uk/ofgem-publications/75232/electricity-capacity-assessment-report-2013.pdf

⁴³ https://www.ofgem.gov.uk/electricity/transmission-networks/charging/project-transmit

⁴⁴ https://www.ofgem.gov.uk/ofgem-publications/87782/electricitybalancingsignificantcodereview-finalpolicydecision.pdf

⁴⁵ https://www.ofgem.gov.uk/publications-and-updates/project-transmit-update-progress-and-way-forward

⁴⁶ https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/310283/competitive_allocation_consultation_document.pdf

⁴⁷ https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/229469/hydro_benefit_replacement_scheme_response.pdf

⁴⁸ https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/301772/2901910__ScotlandAnalysis_Energy_acc.pdf