Potential heat network zones: first national assessment

Footnotes

1. Note that local authorities have not sense-checked the outputs from the FNA – see further detail within the Executive Summary and Introduction sections of the report on how the results from the FNA have been shared with local authorities, for further consideration as part of LHEES

2. Heat Networks (Scotland) Act 2021 (accessed 29/11/2021)

3. These local authority areas are: Clackmannanshire, East Lothian, Na h-Eileanan Siar, Orkney Islands, Scottish Borders and Shetland Islands.

4. Opportunity areas for district heating networks in the UK: second National Comprehensive Assessment

5. Heat Networks (Scotland) Act 2021

6. Heat Networks Delivery Plan

7. Draft Heat Networks Delivery Plan: Consultation Responses

8. These potential zones for heat networks are determined using an adaptation to the LHEES Methodology (V03), which uses demand-led linear heat density analysis alongside consideration of anchor loads to determine potential zones. The potential zones show areas of high heat demand density at a strategic level from consideration of national datasets, prior to consideration of local factors by local authorities (as will be carried out in LHEES) and any site-level feasibility analysis that considers techno-economic appraisal and wider practical and non-technical factors. The LHEES Methodology (V03) considers potential only for fourth generation heat networks and does not include strategic identification of the potential for communal heating systems. Fourth generation heat networks here meaning approximately 65 degree systems, a lower temperature than third generation (<100 degrees), but still with heat generation in a central energy centre such as from using a water source heat pump. Fifth generation networks, such as ambient loops, operate at much lower temperatures again and feature building level heat generation equipment such as heat pumps to deliver heat at the required supply temperature. The Methodology identifies heat network potential zones irrespective of building ownership.

9. Heat Networks (Scotland) Act 2021 (accessed 29/11/2021)

10. Definitions can be found at: Scottish Government Urban Rural Classification 2016

11. This guidance document has been provided to local authorities but has not been published.

12. Linear heat density is a means of relating heat demand to distance. For a heat network, it is defined as the total annual heat demand of connected buildings per meter of distribution pipework to these connections.

13. One of the main drivers behind the economics of gas CHP supplied heat networks is the benefit gained by generation and use of electricity onsite (whilst also making use of the heat from this process). The historic and current difference in unit price between gas and electricity results in relatively cheap onsite electricity from gas CHP, when compared to the costs of importing electricity from the grid. These benefits are not available to low carbon heat supplied heat networks supplied by heat pumps or surplus / waste heat.

14. Local Heat and Energy Efficiency Strategies (LHEES): phase 1 pilots - technical evaluation: Local Heat and Energy Efficiency Strategies (LHEES): phase 1 pilots - technical evaluation

15. These studies tend to be based in London – which due to the high number of opportunities has the most significant concentration of heat networks in the UK. Lewisham Council - Making Lewisham carbon neutral by 2030: our climate emergency declaration – see "energy masterplan".

16. For example, Local Heat and Energy Efficiency Strategies (LHEES): phase 1 pilots - technical evaluation

17. For example, Green Heat in Greenspaces - Scotland

18. This 16,000 kWh/m/yr aligns to the Green Heat in Greenspaces - Scotland study.

19. Potential sources of waste heat for heat networks in Scotland

20. This potential heat network has not been identified through the FNA methodology, however, it is a significant project. See: Midlothian Council and Vattenfall set up green energy services company

21. These are taken from the National Records of Scotland dataset National Records of Scotland: Settlements and Localities Dataset

22. Opportunity areas for district heating networks in the UK: second National Comprehensive Assessment

23. This is only for the analysis looking at domestic properties and mixed use, mixed tenure analysis.

24. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/opportunity-areas-for-district-heating-networks-in-the-uk-second-national-comprehensive-assessment

25. These heat sources include consideration of waste heat opportunities and location specific technologies such as water source heat pumps, however, the majority of heat comes from location agnostic technologies (such as air source heat pumps).

26. The heat margin is the difference in the cost of heat purchased by the heat network operator and the sale price to the customer.

27. The text in this image will not be legible. A high resolution version of this map with legible text has been provided to the relevant Local Authority.

28. The text in this image will not be legible. A high resolution version of this map with legible text has been provided to the relevant Local Authority.

29. The text in this image will not be legible. A high resolution version of this map with legible text has been provided to the relevant Local Authority.

30. Further analysis of opportunities in the Clyde Mission area is included in the Clyde Mission: Energy Masterplan - Clyde Mission: Energy Masterplan

31. As defined in The Town and Country Planning (Use Classes) (Scotland) Order 1997. Details of classes available at: The Town and Country Planning (Use Classes) (Scotland) Order 1997

32. CIBSE CP1 Heat Networks: Code of Practice for the UK (2020)

33. Scottish Energy Statistics Hub Share of renewable heat of non-electrical heat demand: 2008-2020

34. The text in this image will not be legible. A high resolution version of this map with legible text is available in map Nat-1B in the accompanying map pack.

35. The text in this image will not be legible. A high resolution version of this map with legible text is available in map Nat-2B in the accompanying map pack.

36. Scottish Government Urban Rural Classification 2016

37. The text in this image will not be legible. A high resolution version of this map with legible text is available in map Nat-1S in the accompanying map pack.

38. The text in this image will not be legible. A high resolution version of this map with legible text is available in map Nat-2S in the accompanying map pack.

39. Please note that as the map gives precise geographic extent of potential zones, and LHD buffers are limited to 250 m for buildings, rural areas may require zooming in to compare potential zone existence with the NCA outputs.