Potential heat network zones: first national assessment

3 Summary of outputs by geography

This section details the FNA outputs which accompany this report. These are broken down by the two output types:

1) maps with accompanying summary information and;

2) data held in Excel tables.

These outputs are summarised for the four main geographies considered in the FNA: national, additional regions, Scottish cities and local authority.

3.1 Map outputs

The map packs contain high resolution A3 maps in PDF format – suitable for printing for use at workshops. The high resolution of these maps means files are large, approximately 50 MB each, thus it is suggested that only required maps are downloaded rather than the entire map pack.

The three main types of map are:

• Point based – these summarise potential heat network zones as points. Points are shown at the centre of each potential zone, with points having different colours to represent the total heat demand within the potential heat network zone.
• Area based – these show the outline of the potential heat network zones identified. They often group Baseline and Stringent criteria on the same map and in some instances also show potential zones generated using a 16,000 kWh/m/yr LHD radius and a minimum of five anchor loads, to add further context to the most demand dense potential zones.
• Detailed maps – these include similar outputs to the area-based maps but are overlaid with other key additional information. This can include anchor loads (heat demands greater than 500 MWh/yr), existing heat networks, and potential heat sources.

Alongside these maps, a summary of the potential heat network zones covered by the map is provided, this draws out key information from the summary Excel tables.

The majority of maps are for local authority areas so the above three key types of map are illustrated using examples for local authority outputs, with the first example being the point map type in Figure 3—1.

Figure 3—1 shows the central point of heat demands or potential heat network zones but does not define the spatial extent of them. For larger geographic areas this is useful as precise locations of potential zones may be hard to see, as they will be very small compared to the relative geographic area.

At smaller spatial scales, such as more urban local authorities, potential zones can be better represented as precise areas on maps rather than points. An example of an area map is provided in Figure 3—2.

This style of map is more suited to smaller, more urban, local authorities than rural ones like the example in Figure 3—2 for Perth and Kinross. However, they are produced in high resolution so it is possible to zoom into specific areas to give an indication of zone extent, see Figure 3—3 for an example.

In some instances, the map outputs focus on more granular areas than a local authority. These maps typically show a specific potential zone, where it is also useful to bring in additional detail, for example on anchor loads, nearby existing heat networks or potential heat sources. An example of this detailed map type is provided in Figure 3—4.

Showing information like anchor loads on these detailed maps can help inform strategy. Anchor loads provide a backbone of key connection points for a potential network, which will often drive a network's economics. The existing heat networks and potential heat sources are some of the other key considerations in any opportunity identification or zoning process. The base GIS data is not provided with this report but is available on request. It is suggested that a local authority, after review and local sense-check of the outputs, could incorporate further information, such as local development plan outlines and potential low carbon heat sources. This information is not included in these map packs as presenting too much information on a printed map can result in them being overly complicated to interpret, instead it is suggested such information would be better viewed dynamically within GIS software.

3.1.1 Map codes

The FNA analysis has nearly 200 associated map outputs. A set of codes have been generated for ease of identification and comparison. These are tabulated in Table 3—3, and follow a few simple rules, provided in Table 3—1.

Table 3—1 FNA analysis map code identification

Code: Identification

B: Baseline screening criteria.

S: Stringent screening criteria.

LA: Local authority geographic scale.

Nat: National geographic scale.

SC: Scottish city geographic scale.

AA: Additional area / region of interest geographic area.

ZO: Zone outlines. These maps show the potential heat network zone areas precisely.

LC: Largest cluster. This equates to the largest potential heat network zone by total heat demand identified in a local authority.

The IDs and description of national level maps are provided in Table 3—2.

Table 3—2 Summary of map ID codes and content at a national level.

Map ID: Map content

Nat-1B: The centroid of each potential heat network zone identified in Scotland using the Baseline screening criteria. Points are graduated by colour to indicate demand.

Nat-1S: The centroid of each potential heat network zone identified in Scotland using the Stringent screening criteria. Points are graduated by colour to indicate demand.

Nat-2B: The total heat demand in potential heat network zones identified using the Baseline screening criteria summed to local authority level.

Nat-2S: The total heat demand in potential heat network zones identified using the Stringent screening criteria summed to local authority level.

The additional regions of Scotland only have one map produced per region and the five codes used are:

• AA-CB (for the whole central belt region),
• AA-CBE (for the eastern area of the central belt),
• AA-CBW (for the western area of the central belt),
• AA-CM (for the Clyde Mission area),^[30]
• AA-LT (for the Lanarkshire towns).

These maps show the areas covered by the potential heat network zones identified using the Baseline and Stringent screening criteria.

The Scottish cities also only have one map generated, these seven maps have the following codes:

• SC-AB (for Aberdeen),
• SC-DU (for Dundee),
• SC-ED (for Edinburgh),
• SC-GL (for Glasgow),
• SC-IN (for Inverness),
• SC-PE (for Perth),
• SC-ST (for Stirling).

These maps contain a high level of information, showing the area of potential heat network zones using the Baseline, Stringent and 16,000 LHD screening criteria. Additionally, point level information is also provided for potential heat sources, existing heat networks and anchor loads (these are colour coded to indicate scale of heat demand).

For each local authority (LA) area there are 4 maps provided. With 32 local authorities this provides a total of 128 LA maps. The four different map outputs comprise three covering the whole local authority and one the largest (by heat demand) potential heat network zone in the local authority. These are detailed in Table 3—3, map codes in the table use XX to represent the unique two letter local authority code – these two letter codes are detailed in Table 3—4.

Table 3—3 ID and content of the 4 maps generated for each local authority.

Map ID: Map content

LA-B-XX: The centroid of each potential heat network zone identified in the LA using the Baseline screening criteria. Points are graduated by colour and size to indicate demand.

LA-S-XX: The centroid of each potential heat network zone identified in the LA using the Stringent screening criteria. Points are graduated by colour and size to indicate demand.

LA-ZO-XX: The area covered by potential heat network zones identified using both the Baseline and Stringent screening criteria. For some more rural LAs this map will be of limited use given the relative size of potential heat network zones compare to the LA as a whole.

LC-S-XX or LC-B-XX: The LC-S-XX map shows the largest (by demand) potential heat network zone identified in the LA using the Stringent screening criteria. For context, potential zones identified using the 16,000 LHD screening criteria (to identify the highest demand density areas) are also displayed, as are three sets of point data: potential heat sources, existing heat networks and anchor loads (graduated by colour). In some LAs there are no potential heat network zones identified using the Stringent screening criteria, in these instances the largest potential heat network zone (by demand) identified using the Baseline screening criteria is shown along with the point data.

Table 3—4 Two letter codes used for each local authority (LA) in map IDs.

LA code: LA name

AC: Aberdeen City

Ab: Aberdeenshire

An: Angus

Ar: Argyll and Bute

CE: City of Edinburgh

Cl: Clackmannanshire

DG: Dumfries and Galloway

DC: Dundee City

EA: East Ayrshire

ED: East Dunbartonshire

EL: East Lothian

ER: East Renfrewshire

Fl: Falkirk

Fi: Fife

GC: Glasgow City

Hi: Highland

In: Inverclyde

Mi: Midlothian

Mo: Moray

NS: Na h-Eileanan Siar

NA: North Ayrshire

NL: North Lanarkshire

Or: Orkney Islands

PK: Perth and Kinross

Re: Renfrewshire

SB: Scottish Borders

SI: Shetland Islands

SA: South Ayrshire

SL: South Lanarkshire

St: Stirling

WD: West Dunbartonshire

WL: West Lothian

3.2 Summary Excel tables

The Excel summary information allows key details for potential heat network zone characterisation to be extracted at different geographic scales. Four different Excel workbooks are appended to this report, representing the four main geographic scales:

1. FNA Summary Table – National

2. FNA Summary Table – Additional Areas

3. FNA Summary Table – Cities

4. FNA Summary Table – Local Authorities

The Scottish Government has access to all spatial scales. Each local authority has been given the table containing information for their area.

The first three workbooks all contain a cover sheet and four data tabs:

• Combined – this contains a copy of statistics for potential heat network zones identified using the Baseline and Stringent screening criteria for each geographic area and compares the two (Stringent - Baseline), to allow any differences to be highlighted.
• Baseline – contains statistics for potential heat network zones identified using the Baseline screening criteria.
• Stringent - contains statistics for potential heat network zones identified using the Stringent screening criteria.
• 16,000 LHD - contains statistics for potential heat network zones identified using a 16,000 kWh/m/yr LHD and a minimum of five anchor loads screening criteria.

In front of each tab name is also a description of the geographic scale (for example National, Additional Area and City).

In the local authority Excel workbook, the cover sheet and the standard four tabs are included as is an additional tab labelled Highest Heat Demand Zone. This provides the statistics for the largest (by heat demand) potential heat network zone identified in each local authority. As standard these statistics are derived using a potential heat network zone identified using the Stringent screening criteria. However, in some local authorities there are no potential zones identified using the Stringent criteria, in these cases the Baseline criteria is used instead (a note of this is provided in the Excel workbook).

Sections 3.2.1 to 3.2.10 provide a copy of the Excel table format. These tables are populated with numbers for the whole of Scotland, whilst the information will change, the layout will remain the same for each different geography. Where appropriate, information is provided in the underlying source data that informs the data reported, these are:

• The Scotland Heat Map for the majority of information (heat demand figures, additional information such as waste heat sources, number of properties and buildings, anchor load information)
• Home Analytics version 3.7 for domestic information (fuel poverty information, heritage property indicators – including pre 1919 construction, tenure, rural/urban classification). The fields used are listed in Table 3-5.
• Non-Domestic Analytics (previously Non-Domestic Buildings Energy Database) for non-domestic information (floor area information, use type/class, pre 1919 construction, rural/urban classification). The fields used are listed in Table 3-5.

Table 3—5 Dataset variables referenced in Home Analytics and the Non-Domestic Analytics (previously Non-Domestic Buildings Energy Database).

Home Analytics: Non-Domestic Analytics (previously Non-Domestic Buildings Energy Database)

8-fold urban/rural classification: 8-fold urban/rural classification

Extreme Fuel Poverty Probability: Floor Area

Fuel Poverty Probability: Heat Demand

Heat Demand: Property Age

Listed Building Grade: Property Class

Mixed Tenure: Property Type

Property Age

Property Tenure

3.2.1 Summary sections

The summary sections refer to four different main sets of data, these are displayed in the bold text in Figure 3-5).

The "Phase" refers to the analysis criteria used to identify potential zones, this is either:

• Baseline screening (Phase 2A) which is for potential heat network zones identified using the Baseline screening criteria.
• Stringent screening (Phase 2B) which is for potential heat network zones identified using the Stringent screening criteria.
• Screening comparison (Phase 2B vs 2A) this subtracts the values from the potential zones identified using the Baseline screening from the zones identified using the Stringent screening approach, presenting the difference in results between the two screening criteria. This therefore presents results in negative values within the summary tables due to fewer zones and number of properties identified using the Stringent screening criteria.

Figure 3—5 Copy of summary sections from FNA Summary Table – National Excel document.

Phase: Baseline screening (Phase 2A)

Geographical Area: Scotland

Map Reference Code: Nat-1B

Summary Statistics

Zone Summary		Characteristic Summary
No. zones identified	712	No. domestic properties (within heat network zones)	339,428
Zone area (Ha)	44,426	No. non-domestic properties (within heat network zones)	73,981
Total heat demand (GWh)	25,673	No. mixed tenure properties	101,318
No. properties	421,115	No. mixed use properties	4,359
No. anchor loads	5,486	No. heritage properties	95,204
% of heat from anchor loads	55%	No. fuel poverty households	90,662
		No. pre-1919 properties	126,576
		Unattributed heat demand (GWh)	920
		No. unattributed properties	7,706

The "Geographical Area" refers to the location for which potential heat network zones are summarised in the table. For "FNA Summary Table – National" this will be Scotland; "FNA Summary Table – Additional Areas" will be one of the additional areas or regions examined (for example Lanarkshire towns); "FNA Summary Table – Cities" will be one of Scotland's seven cities (for example Inverness); and "FNA Summary Table – Local Authorities" will be one of the local authority areas in Scotland (for example Argyll and Bute).

For the summary of the largest potential zone by heat demand provided for each local authority, "Zone ID" replaces "Geographical Area" and details a unique zone ID that aligns to the naming used in the GIS outputs. The convention being two letters to signify the local authority, a unique number for the potential zone (this does not differentiate between local authority so all are unique) and a code to signify if it is Baseline (B) or Stringent (St1). For example, a cluster code for Angus could be An-529-B and for the City of Edinburgh CE-168-St1.

The "Map Reference Code" refers to the map within the accompanying map pack which is most suited to examine alongside the data contained in the table.

The final "Summary Statistics" contains information which was determined by the Steering Group to best summarise the potential heat network zones in each geography. These are split into two main groups:

• Zone Summary – examines the headline figures, such as the number of potential zones identified and the total heat demand.
• Characteristic Summary – presents an overview of the demand within potential heat network zones, such as the number of households in fuel poverty.

3.2.2 Zones across LAs

Some potential zones cross multiple authority areas, which means demand will not be entirely attributed to one local authority. The summary table provides a count of these and the percentage contribution (in terms of count) such potential zones make to the total for the geographic area. A copy of this section of the table is provided in Figure 3—6.

Figure 3—6 Copy of part of the table showing potential heat network zones in the summary table which cross multiple local authorities, taken from FNA Summary Table – National Excel document.

Zones across LAs

No. zones crossing LA boundaries	% of total zones
30	4%

With the local authority level information an additional column is added to the table, which provides an ID code for the potential heat network zone which falls across a local authority boundary. These potential zones can be examined using this reference through the GIS data which will accompany this report.

3.2.3 Domestic properties

Many different characteristics are examined for domestic properties, for all of these both a precise count and an equivalent percentage is provided. This examines the number of domestic properties, the heat demand for these properties, the number of properties which fit into different settlement classifications (using the Scottish Government 8-fold urban rural classification) with count and heat demand values, and tenure classifications both with count and heat demand. A copy of the relevant section of the summary table is provided in Figure 3—7.

Figure 3—7 Copy of the part of the table of the domestic properties which fall within potential heat network zones, taken from FNA Summary Table – National Excel document.

Number of properties	% of total properties*	Heat load (GWh)	% of heat demand*
339,428	81%	7,118	28%

Domestic Properties

Domestic Classification	Domestic urban/rural count	% of domestic properties*	Domestic urban/rural heat demand (GWh)	% of domestic heat demand*
Large Urban Area	176,333	52.0%	4,545.0	63.9%
Other Urban Area	116,197	34.2%	1,763.4	24.8%
Accessible Small Town	19,941	5.9%	320.8	4.5%
Remote Small Town	10,089	3.0%	179.6	2.5%
Very Remote Small Town	5,400	1.6%	104.7	1.5%
Accessible Rural	6,577	1.9%	112.2	1.6%
Remote Rural	3,273	1.0%	63.2	0.9%
Very Remote Rural	1,618	0.5%	28.9	0.4%
Total	339,428	100.0%	7,117.8	100.0%

Domestic Tenure	Domestic tenures property count	% of domestic properties*	Domestic tenures heat demand (GWh)	% of domestic heat demand*
Local Authority	44,553	13.1%	667.0	9.4%
Housing Association	34,728	10.2%	724.9	10.2%
Owner Occupied	206,215	60.8%	4,446.8	62.5%
Privately Rented	53,932	15.9%	1,279.1	18.0%
Unknown	-	0.0%	-	0.0%
Total	339,428	100.0%	7,117.8	100.0%

3.2.4 Non-domestic properties

Many different characteristics are examined for non-domestic properties, for all of these both a precise count and an equivalent percentage is provided. This examines the number of non-domestic properties, the heat demand for these properties, the number of properties which fit into different settlement classifications (using the Scottish Government 8-fold urban rural classification) with count and heat demand values, key non-domestic property use classes^[31] with count and heat demand values, and property type, which is taken from a field in Non-Domestic Analytics (previously Non-Domestic Buildings Energy Database) – again this has both a count and heat demand value. A copy of the relevant section of the summary table is provided in Figure 3—8 (below).

Figure 3—8 Copy of part of the table of the non-domestic properties which fall within potential heat network zones, taken from FNA Summary Table – National Excel document.

Non-Domestic Properties

Number of properties	% of total properties*	Heat load (GWh)	% of heat demand*
73,981	18%	17,634	69%

Non-Domestic Properties

Non-Domestic Classification	Non-domestic urban/rural count	% of non-domestic properties*	Non-domestic urban/rural heat demand (GWh)	% of non-domestic heat demand*
Large Urban Area	37,784	51.1%	7,809.3	44.3%
Other Urban Area	25,227	34.1%	6,686.6	37.9%
Accessible Small Town	3,678	5.0%	443.5	2.5%
Remote Small Town	2,486	3.4%	376.7	2.1%
Very Remote Small Town	2,087	2.8%	261.2	1.5%
Accessible Rural	1,274	1.7%	1,522.0	8.6%
Remote Rural	833	1.1%	396.4	2.2%
Very Remote Rural	612	0.8%	138.7	0.8%
Total	73,981	100.0%	17,634.4	100.0%

Non-Domestic Properties

Non-Domestic Property Class	Non-domestic property class count	% of non-domestic properties*	Non-domestic property class heat demand (GWh)	% of non-domestic heat demand*
Class 1-3	39,163	52.9%	3,675.8	20.8%
Class 4-6	23,599	31.9%	7,205.7	40.9%
Class 7-9	3,778	5.1%	3,319.2	18.8%
Class 10-11	7,127	9.6%	3,313.6	18.8%
Other	314	0.4%	120.2	0.7%
Total	73,981	100.0%	17,634.4	100.0%

Non-Domestic Properties

Non-Domestic Property Type	Non-domestic property type count	% of non-domestic properties*	Non-domestic property type heat demand (GWh)	% of non-domestic heat demand*
Restaurants and Cafes	6,833	9.2%	469.8	2.7%
Retail and Financial Services	32,330	43.7%	3,205.9	18.2%
General Industrial, Storage or Distribution	5,960	8.1%	2,886.8	16.4%
Offices and Workshops	17,639	23.8%	4,318.8	24.5%
Hotels	2,522	3.4%	2,179.8	12.4%
Residential Institutions and Spaces	1,256	1.7%	1,139.4	6.5%
General Assembly	1,613	2.2%	1,390.9	7.9%
Non-residential Institutions	5,514	7.5%	1,922.7	10.9%
Other	314	0.4%	120.2	0.7%
Total	73,981	100.0%	17,634.4	100.0%

3.2.5 Mixed-tenure and mixed-use

The mixed-tenure elements of the analysis examine buildings which contain multiple domestic properties with different tenures. This provides a count, what percentage of total domestic properties come from mixed-tenure properties, the total heat demand from mixed-tenure properties and how this compares as a percentage to the total heat demand from domestic properties. If a property is classified as mixed-tenure or not is captured by a field included within the Home Analytics dataset.

Mixed-use examines buildings with multiple non-domestic properties (this is classed as "Non-domestic only") and buildings with a mix of non-domestic and domestic properties (classed as "Mixed"). Within these two groups a property count, a percentage of total heat demands (or properties) mixed-use properties make up of the total properties within the potential heat network zones, the total demand from these properties and what percentage of total demand within the potential heat network zones this equates to. A "Mixed" mixed-use property was identified by if the parent UPRN associated to a property was present in both the Home Analytics and Non-Domestic Analytics datasets. A "Non-Domestic" mixed-use property however was identified if the parent UPRN associated to the property firstly wasn't present in Home Analytics and the "property types" associated to the parent UPRN were greater than 1.

A copy of the relevant section of the summary table is provided in Figure 3-9.

Figure 3—9 Copy of part of the table of the mixed-tenure and mixed-use properties which fall within potential heat network zones, taken from FNA Summary Table – National Excel document.

Mixed-tenure and mixed-use buildings

Building / property typology classification	Mixed-tenure property count	Mixed-tenure % of domestic properties*	Mixed-tenure heat demand (GWh)	Mixed-tenure % of domestic heat demand*
Domestic only	101,318	29.2%	3,009.7	37.4%
Non-domestic only	-	-	-	-
Mixed	-	-	-	-
Total	-	-	-	-

Mixed-tenure and mixed-use buildings

Mixed-use property count	Mixed-use % of all properties*	Mixed-use heat demand (GWh)	Mixed-use % of heat demand*
-	-	-	-
1,957	0.5%	3,909.4	15.2%
2,402	0.6%	114.6	0.4%
4,359	1.0%	4,024.0	15.7%

3.2.6 Heritage Properties

This heritage properties section uses three specific designations to provide information about buildings with heritage designation, these are:

• Listed properties (information is only available for domestic properties)
• Properties within conservation areas
• Properties within world heritage sites

The table also provides information as to the number of properties which have at least one of these characteristics, as they are not mutually exclusive. Again, the characteristics examined are: the number of properties, percentage of properties compared to the potential zone/zones as a whole, the heat demand from designated heritage properties and the percentage of demand this is, compared to the total for the potential zone/zones. A copy of the information is provided in Figure 3—10.

Figure 3—10 Copy of part of the table of the heritage properties which fall within potential heat network zones, taken from FNA Summary Table – National Excel document.

Heritage Properties

Heritage type	No. properties	% of properties*	Heritage property heat demand (GWh)	% of heat demand*
Listed property (domestic only)	21,540	6.2%	759.7	9.5%
Within conserv. areas	92,830	22.0%	6,403.2	24.9%
Within world heritage sites	10,131	2.4%	631.24	2.5%
Either one of three criteria	95,204	22.6%	6,496.5	25.3%

This is not an exhaustive list and further proxies are examined in Section 3.2.9.

3.2.7 Non-domestic Property Area

Non-domestic property area information is provided in four key categories: < 100 m², 100 - 500 m², 500 - 1000 m² and > 1000 m². Again, characteristics examined are: the number of properties, percentage of properties compared to the potential zone/zones as a whole, the heat demand from non-domestic properties with different floor areas and the percentage of demand this is, compared to the total for the potential zone/zones. A copy of this part of the table is provided in Figure 3—11.

Figure 3—11 Copy of part of the table of the non-domestic property area which fall within potential heat network zones, taken from FNA Summary Table – National Excel document.

Non-Domestic Property Area

Floor area (m2)	No. of properties	% of non-domestic properties*	Heat demand (GWh/yr)	% of non-domestic heat demand*
< 100 m2	28,520	38.6%	1,955.1	11.1%
100 - 500 m2	29,545	39.9%	2,639.9	15.0%
500 - 1000 m2	6,445	8.7%	1,450.8	8.2%
> 1000 m2	9,471	12.8%	11,588.6	65.7%
Total	73,981	100.0%	17,634.4	100.0%

3.2.8 Fuel Poverty

A summary of the estimated prevalence of fuel poverty within different potential heat network zones is also provided. This examines both fuel poverty and extreme fuel poverty using Home Analytics data. Data in Home Analytics on fuel poverty is expected to continue to improve over the period 2021-2023, with updates to the modelling method and change to ensure fully compatible with all elements of the new fuel poverty definition. The four standard characteristics are provided: number of properties, percentage of properties compared to the potential zone/zones as a whole, the heat demand from fuel poor households and the percentage of demand this is, compared to the total for the potential zone/zones. The approach undertaken to calculate these values was presented previously within Section 2.2.3. A copy of the relevant part of the table is provided in Figure 3—12.

Figure 3—12 Copy of part of the table of the characteristics of households in fuel poverty which fall within potential heat network zones, taken from FNA Summary Table – National Excel document.

Fuel Poverty

Estimated number of domestic properties classified as their householders living under:	No. properties	% of domestic properties*	Heat demand (GWh)	% of heat demand*
Fuel poverty (fuel bill >10% income after housing)	90,662	26.1%	1,378.5	17.1%
Extreme fuel poverty (fuel bill >20% income after housing)	44,106	12.7%	782.6	9.7%

3.2.9 Built before 1919

Properties constructed before 1919 are examined in the table as a proxy for undesignated heritage properties. These are useful to examine alongside the heritage properties identified within Section 3.2.6 utilising three different heritage designations as there are likely to be similarities between the properties which fall into these two groups. Like designated heritage properties, these properties are of interest due to their construction type and the implications this has for demand characteristics and sensitivities to changes such as extensive retrofit. Again, the four standard characteristics are provided: number of properties, percentage of properties compared to the potential zone/zones as a whole, the heat demand of properties built before 1919 and the percentage of demand this is, compared to the total for the potential zone/zones. A copy of the relevant part of the table is provided in Figure 3—13.

Figure 3—13 Copy of part of the table of the characteristics of properties built pre-1919 within potential heat network zones, taken from FNA Summary Table – National Excel document.

Built before 1919

Built before 1919	No. properties	% of properties*	Heat demand (GWh/yr)	% of heat demand*
Domestic pre-1919	86,792	25.0%	2,977.1	37.0%
Non-domestic pre-1919	39,784	53.8%	5,502.6	31.2%
Total	126,576	30.1%	8,479.8	33.0%

3.2.10 Demand losses

The final factor covered within the summary table are losses through transmission and distribution in a heat network. These are assumed to be 10% of the total demand within a potential heat network zone, to give an initial indicative figure.^[32] Once the heat loss figure is calculated it is added to the total heat demand within the potential heat network zone, to give the total heat generation which would be required to supply the potential heat network zone. Demand losses are an important consideration in relation to the targets set out within the Heat Networks (Scotland) Act, which are set in terms of heat supplied as opposed to being set in the context of the demand of connected properties, meaning demand losses need to be factored in.

A copy of this part of the table is provided in Figure 3—14.

Figure 3—14 Copy of the part of the table of the demand losses summary within potential heat network zones, taken from FNA Summary Table – National Excel document.

Demand Losses

Supply type	Heat supply (GWh/yr)
Total load demand	25,672.5
Anchor load demand	14,074.9
Distribution losses	2,567.3
Total demand	28,239.8