Fisheries Management Measures within Scottish Offshore Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) - Site Proposal Document

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ANNEX 1

Additional information relating to existing NEAFC/EC fisheries closure and evidence of damage to a coral mound feature within the SAC

In 2005, NEAFC requested ICES advice on the distribution of cold-water corals at Rockall Bank and fisheries activity in the vicinity of such habitats. In their advice, ICES (2005) suggested area closures based on knowledge of the known distribution of the cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa with an analysis of Vessel Monitoring System (VMS) data to determine the distribution of fishing fleets (ICES 2005). This closure was adopted and came into effect on 1st January 2007, with formal closure on 8th March 2007 (ICES 2007).

Subsequently in 2007, the ICES Working Group on Deep-Water Ecology (WGDEC) considered new data from 2005 and 2006, and Russian scientists (PINRO) provided maps showing new information on the distribution of cold-water corals. ICES updated their advice in 2007 to suggest a modification of the closure (removal of restrictions in a portion of the implemented closure) (ICES 2007).

In 2011, new data on Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems (VMEs) (including cold-water coral reefs) for Rockall Bank were made available from trawl and underwater TV surveys, as well as new data from Scottish Fishermen’s Federation on coral by-catch records during 1970s to 2008. The new data on VMEs confirmed the presence of cold-water coral in the existing North West Rockall Bank fisheries closed area. They also suggested the presence of corals and sponges in areas that are located just outside this closed area. On the basis of these various data sources, ICES advised that the existing fisheries closed area (as 2007) be modified to better reflect the presence of VMEs (ICES 2011).

In 2012, new observations of Lophelia pertusa reefs for Rockall Bank were available from towed video surveys, and autonomous underwater vehicle equipped with a high-resolution sonar and cameras, and a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) with high resolution imagery equipment (JC060 survey). These new data supported ICES advice from 2011 for a revised boundary (ICES 2012 (see Figure A1)

In 2013, ICES reiterated its advice for an extension of the fisheries closed area in the north, and also updated its advice to state that the closed area should remain unchanged to the South (ICES 2013).

Damage to Lophelia pertusa

JNCC undertook a collaborative monitoring survey in 2016 to investigate a location within the site (out-with the NEAFC/EC closure) where previous surveys (2005, 2007 and 2011) had confirmed the presence of cold-water coral Vulnerable Marine Ecosystem (VME). A comparison of 2016 and previous survey data showed key differences in the condition of the previously identified coral mound - there were significant amounts of dead coral rubble, and the feature had reduced in size (see Figure A2). It is considered unlikely that this damage could result from natural processes and it is therefore considered that it may have been caused by demersal fishing activity. As it was considered that this damage represented a serious threat to the conservation of marine biological resources, the UK submitted a request to the European Commission for emergency measures to restrict additional areas of the SAC under the provisions of article 12 of the Common Fisheries Policy. Emergency measures represent a temporary solution; article 12 states that implementing acts can only have effect for a maximum of six months (with possible extension of six months).