A Healthier Future: analysis of consultation responses

Footnotes

1. See http://www.gov.scot/Publications/2017/10/1050.

2. This group of respondents will be referred to hereafter as ‘public health and third sector’ organisations.

3. J McLean et al (2017) The Scottish Health Survey, volume 1, main report. Scottish Government, October 2017. See http://www.gov.scot/Resource/0052/00525472.pdf.

4. E Tod et al (2017) Obesity in Scotland: a persistent inequality. International Journal for Equity in Health, 16: 135. See https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-017-0599-6.

5. A Castle (2015) Obesity in Scotland . SPICe Briefing, 15/01. 7 Jan 2015. See http://www.parliament.scot/ResearchBriefingsAndFactsheets/S4/SB_15-01_Obesity_in_Scotland.pdf

6. Scottish Government (2010) Preventing Overweight and Obesity in Scotland: A Route Map Towards Healthy Weight. See http://www.gov.scot/Publications/2010/02/17140721/0

7. See http://www.gov.scot/Topics/Health/Healthy-Living.

8. Scotland Performs – see http://www.gov.scot/About/Performance/scotPerforms/indicator/healthyweight.

9. An ‘obesogenic environment’ is one which promotes weight gain and is not conducive to weight loss – within the home, the workplace, or wider society.

10. Gortmaker SL et al (2015) Three interventions that reduce childhood obesity are projected to save more than they cost to implement. Health Affairs, 34(11): 1304-1311. See http://choicesproject.org/publications/cost-effective-nutrition-interventions-health-affairs-summary/.

11. SFL Kirk et al (2012) Effective weight management practice: a review of the lifestyle intervention evidence. International Journal of Obesity, 36: 178-185. See https://www.nature.com/articles/ijo201180.

12. C Ma et al (2017) Effects of weight loss interventions for adults who are obese on mortality, cardiovascular disease and cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ, 359. See https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.j4849.

13. MEJ Lean et al (2018) Primary care-led weight management for remission of type 2 diabetes ( DiRECT): an open label, cluster-randomised trial. The Lancet, 391(10120): 541-551. See http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(17)33102-1/fulltext.

14. J Ananthapavan et al (2014) Economics of obesity – learning from the past to contribute to a better future. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 11(4): 4007-4025, Apr. See doi:10.3390/ijerph110404007. Also A Looijmans et al (2017) Changing the obesogenic environment to improve cardiometabolic health in residential patients with a severe mental illness: cluster randomised control trial. British Journal of Psychiatry, 211(5): 296-303, Nov. See doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.117.199315.

15. NHS Health Scotland (2017) Public attitudes to reducing overweight and obesity in Scotland. See http://www.healthscotland.scot/media/1705/public-attitudes-to-reducing-obesity-in-scotland.pdf

16. Published responses to the consultation are available at: https://consult.gov.scot/health-and-social-care/a-healthier-future/consultation/published_select_respondent.

17. This category includes local authorities, partnership bodies and other public sector organisations.

18. https://consult.gov.scot/health-and-social-care/a-healthier-future/consultation/published_select_respondent.

19. Food Standards Scotland define these as confectionery, sweet biscuits, crisps, savoury snacks, cakes, pastries, puddings and sugar containing soft drinks.

20. The out of home sector includes restaurants, takeaways, bakeries, sandwich outlets and other establishments which sell food and drink for consumption outside the home.

21. CA Monterio et al (2018) The UN decade of nutrition, the NOVA food classification and the trouble with ultra-processing. Public Health Nutrition, 21(1):5-17. See doi: 10.1017/S1368980017000234.

22. http://www.foodstandards.gov.scot/consumers/healthy-eating/eatwell

23. These foods included oils and spreads, chocolate, cakes, crisps, sweets, table sauces, carbonated drinks and diluting squashes. The development of the Eatwell Guide was led by Public Health England ( PHE) in association with the Welsh Government, Food Standards Scotland and the Food Standards Agency in Northern Ireland. Information about the changes made in the 2016 version, and the reason for those changes is provided here: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/528201/Eatwell_guide_whats_changed_and_why.pdf

24. World Health Organisation (1981). International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes. See http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/code_english.pdf

25. An advergame is a video game which in some way contains an advertisement for a product, service, or company. Some advergames are created by a company with the sole purpose of promoting the company itself or one of its products, and the game may be distributed freely as a marketing tool.

26. Note that current regulations exist under the Committee on Advertising Practice ( CAP) code with regard to misleading advertisements, while EU Health Claims legislation regulates claims which can be made on food packaging.

27. R Dobbs et al (2014) Overcoming obesity: An initial economic analysis. McKinsey Global Institute. See https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/healthcare-systems-and-services/our-insights/how-the-world-could-better-fight-obesity.

28. GDP is a monetary measure of the market value of all final goods and services produced in a period (quarterly or yearly) of time.

29. https://menucal.fss.scot/Account/LogOn?ReturnUrl=%2f

30. Reformulation involves changing the composition of a product, for example, to reduce the amount of sugar, fat or salt it contains.

31. Social prescribing is a means by which primary care services are able to refer people to a range of local, non-clinical services, often provided the voluntary or community sector.

32. https://legacyscreening.phe.org.uk/diabetes

33. NICE Public Health Guideline ( PH35), May 2011 - https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ph35. A decision on the timetable for updating this guideline is imminent.

34. See https://placestandard.scot/

35. A whole range of local actors are mobilised – schools, nurseries, doctors, nutritionists, local press and businesses, after-school and sport clubs, politicians, and civil society – to support and advise families about their child's weight status, diet, and activity. Local initiatives can also develop resources or run campaigns and activities with participating actors.

36. This Programme seeks to address the structural causes of obesity: individual lifestyle factors and values and psychological aspects underlying them, the social and physical environment, and living and working conditions that make it difficult for people to ensure their children eat healthily, sleep enough and exercise adequately. It requires all Council departments to contribute through their policies, plans and day-to-day working.