The Impact of Welfare Reform in Scotland - Tracking Study - Year 1 Report - Appendices

The aim of the study is to explore the impact of on-going welfare changes on a range of households in Scotland over time. This report provides the findings from the first year of the study by presenting results from the first two sweeps of interviews. Sweep 1 took place from September 2013 to January 2014 and sweep 2 took place from April 2014 to July 2014


Appendix 4 Interview Schedule - Sweep 2

The Impact of Welfare Reform in Scotland: Questionnaire, Sweep 2

My name is [name]. I am from The Employment Research Institute at Edinburgh Napier University. We have been asked by the Scottish Government to explore the impact of the welfare changes over time on a sample of households in Scotland. We appreciate the time you have given us so far and look forward to hearing more about your experiences regarding welfare benefits.

We would like to remind you that this is a 3 year research project and, as long as you agree and are happy for us to do so, you will be contacted twice a year to take part in an interview for the project:

  • April-June 2014
  • September-November 2014
  • April-June 2015
  • September-November 2015
  • April-June 2016

If you have had any changes in circumstances, for example new additions to your household, we would appreciate the opportunity to interview them, if appropriate and if you agree.

Taking part in this study, as all stages, is completely voluntary. As with the previous interview everything you say will be kept confidential. I will take this opportunity to remind you, as was the case before, when we write our report or any academic papers, we will not use any real names or give information that might identify you as the person who has told us these things.

If you do agree to take part, you can stop at any point, or decline to answer any particular question that you are not comfortable with. Because of the nature of this research it is possible that we might touch on periods or events in your life which are quite personal, so please feel free to let us know if you would rather not talk about any issue, or if you would prefer to change the subject or to not answer particular questions. Also, because people's experiences are so different, some questions may seem more relevant to you than others, so please feel free to say more on these as you see fit. The interview is an informal conversation and we want to hear what you have to tell us about your experiences.

We would, again, like to record the interview if that is ok, so that we can remember everything that you have told us today. Recordings will be kept securely and destroyed after the reports or any articles that might come from the research have been published. Are you happy for us to record this interview or would you prefer us not to?

Do you have any questions?

Details for the interviewer to complete

Date of interview:

Interviewer:

Location of interview:

Person's present (apart from the interviewer and the main interviewee):

If another person (not the main interviewee) answers any of the questions, please note this in the margin.

[Interviewer: focus on the qualitative responses. Closed questions/coding is for limited analysis]

Section 1: Participant and Household Background

I'd like to start by asking about any updates since our last meeting on you and the people who live in your household.

24. Since the last interview have there been any changes in who is in your household?

a. Probe: Anyone moved in; anyone moved out; children born; partnership status

[Interviewer: if there are any changes in who is in your household, probe for answers to complete the below grid to get information about new household composition - also include details of those currently in the household who were also in the household at last interview]

Person Number

Relationship to the interviewee

Age of household member

If child, is the participant the parent/ legal guardian

Sex of household member

Participant 1

Participant 2

Participant 3

Other household member 1

Other household member 2

Other household member 3

Other household member 4

Other household member 5

Other household member 6

25. Has there been any change to the type of accommodation that your household lives in?

a. Probe: If yes, does your household own or rent your new accommodation?

[Interviewer: Tick answer from list below]

  • Owned/being bought on mortgage
  • Shared ownership (part-owned part-rented)
  • Private rented
  • Council (local authority) rented
  • Housing association, housing cooperative, charitable trust, registered social landlord rented
  • Other (specify)

b. Probe: If yes, how do you feel about this new accommodation? (Area, number of rooms, why they moved, etc.)

Section 2: Employment and training/education

26. Have you been involved in any training or education or achieved any new qualifications since the last interview?

  • Probe: If yes, why did you decide to get involved in this? Are you enjoying the course/programme?
  • What do you hope to achieve from this programme? (e.g. greater confidence, better job prospects, etc.)

27. How would you describe your working life since leaving school, and in the last 2 years?

[Interviewer: Only ask interviewee to summarise their working life since leaving school and in the last 2 years if not adequately covered in last interview]

[Interviewer: Ask interviewee to summarise their responses by selecting one of the below phrases - only ask if not covered in previous interview]

Since leaving school

In the last 2 years

'I have you spent most of my time in stable employment'

'I have mostly been unemployed and seeking work'

'I have you moved between a number of jobs but with only short periods of unemployment' (less than 4 weeks)

'I have you moved between a number of jobs with some long period periods of unemployment' (more than 4 weeks)

'I have spent long periods caring for my family or claiming other benefits'

'I have spent most of my time in full-time further/higher education'

OOther (please specify)

'I have you spent most of my time in stable employment'

'I have mostly been unemployed and seeking work'

'I have you moved between a number of jobs but with only short periods of unemployment' (less than 4 weeks)

'I have you moved between a number of jobs with some long period periods of unemployment' (more than 4 weeks)

'I have spent long periods caring for my family or claiming other benefits'

'I have spent most of my time in full-time further/higher education'

OOther (please specify)

28. Are you currently employed/(still employed)?

  • If Yes, have you started a new job since the last interview?
  • Probe: details to complete grid below

[Interviewer: If unemployed skip to question 10; if employed since last meeting then go directly to next question]

[Interviewer: confirm details in grid below from last interview and add the new job(s)]

Current job or past job?

Do you have more than one job?

(Mark any new jobs)

Job 1

Job 2

Job 3

Job 4

Job title

Is this a permanent job?

Is this a zero hours contract job?

How many hours do you normally work per week in this job?

If working part time, is this through choice? Would you like to work more hours?

What is your net (take home) pay?

£ (week/month /year)

£ (week/month /year)

£ (week/month /year)

£ (week/month /year)

How long have you been in this job?

  • Probe: Are other people in your household employed?

29. If currently employed: Have there been any changes to your job(s) since the last interview?

  • Probe: Hours, pay, conditions
  • Were these changes, changes that you chose to make; changes that your employer made etc.
  • Probe: Changes to other people in your household's jobs?
  • Probe: If any changes, how has this impacted on the household financially?

30. If currently employed: In the last six months have you been offered any job related training opportunities?

  • If yes, what were they and have you taken up these opportunities?
  • If no, would you like to receive any job related training?

31. If currently employed: In the last six months have you been offered any promotions or have looked for other job opportunities?

  • If yes, have you taken up these opportunities? Is that the job we just discussed (Q5)?
  • If the opportunities were not taken up, why not?
  • What kind of work were you looking for?

32. If currently employed: Do you face any constraints that affect your ability to keep working?

  • Prompt: Health/child's health problem, transport, confidence, housing, experience, welfare benefits, childcare, etc.
  • Which is the most important constraint? Why?

33. If currently unemployed:

  • How long have you been unemployed?

☐ Less than 6 months
☐ 6-12 months (6 to under 12 months, i.e. if 12 months mark 1-2 year box)
☐ 1-2 years

☐ 2-5 years

☐ > 5 years

34. If currently unemployed: What was your last job?

[Interviewer: Only ask if no information from last interview]

[Interviewer: Probe for answers to complete the below grid]

Job title

Was this a permanent job?

Was this a zero hours contract job?

How many hours did you normally work per week in this job?

What was your net (take home) pay?

£ (week/month/year)

How long were you in this job?

35. If currently unemployed: Are you seeking work?

  • Was this undertaken as a condition of your benefits (JSA or WRAG)?
  • What is the type of work you are looking for?
  • Why are you seeking to do this kind of work?
  • Have you applied for any jobs? Were you invited to interview?

36. If currently unemployed: How confident are you that you will be able to find work?

  • Are you confident that you will be able to find work that will pay you enough to get by?
  • Are you confident that you will be able to find work that you are interested in?
  • If relevant - how confident are you will get hours that fit around your lifestyle?

[Interviewer: Ask interviewee to summarise their response by selecting one of the below phrases]

  • Not at all confident
  • Slightly confident
  • Moderately confident
  • Very confident
  • Extremely confident

37. If currently unemployed: What constraints do you face moving into work?

  • Prompt: Health/child's health problem, transport, confidence, housing, experience etc.
  • Which is the most important constraint? Why?
  • Is anyone helping you to find work (If YES - who?)

38. If currently unemployed: Do you think you have the necessary skills and qualifications to find work?

  • Are you undertaking any training to enhance your skills and qualifications?
  • Was this training undertaken as part of a condition of your benefits (JSA or WRAG)?

39. If currently unemployed: Do you think that you would be better off if you were working?

  • Would you be better off financially? Would you be better off emotionally? Would other household members (e.g. children) be better off?

[Interviewer: Ask interviewee to summarise their response by selecting one of the below phrases]

  • Strongly disagree
  • Disagree
  • Neither agree nor disagree
  • Agree
  • Strongly agree

Section 3: Income and Financial information

Now I'd like to ask you a few questions about your household income and how you're getting by financially.

40. How easy have you found it to pay for things e.g. rent, bills, food, clothes since we last met?

  • [Interviewer: If mentioned debt last interview, ask if they are managing to keep up with any repayments]
  • How easy have you found getting a sufficient income?
  • Have you had to borrow money since the last interview and how often? (specify: Loan from the bank; Loan from family or friends; Loan from a credit union or friendly society; Loan from a money lender; Payday loan company; Pawn broker etc.) Probe: how are you managing to keep up with any repayments? [Probe: have they previous loans (in case they were not have been mentioned last time)]
  • If yes, are you managing to keep up with the repayments for this loan(s)?
  • How easy have you found keeping up with the repayments for this loan(s)?
  • Have you ever had to use a food bank since the last interview and how often, were there specific reasons (what was the main reason)?
  • How easy did you find it to pay for heating over the winter?
  • How did you manage the festive season financially?

[Interviewer: Ask interviewee to summarise their response by selecting one of the below phrases]:

  • Very difficult
  • Quite difficult
  • OK
  • Quite easy
  • Very easy

41. Since we last spoke, how would you say you and your household are managing financially these days?

[Interviewer: Ask interviewee to summarise their response by selecting one of the below phrases]

  • Manage very well
  • Manage quite well
  • Get by alright
  • Don't manage very well
  • Have some financial difficulties
  • Are in deep financial trouble
  • Refused
  • Don't know

42. Since the last interview have there been any changes to the benefits you are getting?

  • Are you in receipt of new benefits? - If YES what are the differences between what you receive now and what you received previously? Are you happy with the change?
  • Have you stopped receiving some benefits? If YES were you advised they were going to stop? Were the changes due to a change in your actual circumstances or due to administrative issues/reforms?
  • Have you made any applications since the last interview that are still being processed?
  • What effect have these changes had on you and your household? Focus on the three most important changes for the participant.
  • Have you received any sanctions - and what were the effects of these sanctions on you? If you have not been sanctioned, are you worried about being sanctioned in the future and how does the possibility of sanctions influence what you do?
  • Have there been any changes to the rent you pay?
  • Has the 'bedroom tax'/spare room subsidy affected you (if so how?)

[Interviewer: Consult list of benefits mentioned in last interview]

43. Since the last interview, have your feelings changed at all about…

  • a) The benefits you receive?
  • b) The way your benefits are provided to you?
  • Probe: experiences with DWP and other agencies
  • c) The fairness of the benefit system in general?

44. Since the last interview have there been any changes to your other sources of household income?

  • Are you in receipt of new sources of income? If so, what are these, and how much have they increased your income by?
  • Have you stopped receiving some sources of income?

[Interviewer: Consult list of other sources of income mentioned in last interview]

45. Since the last interview has there been any change to the level of your household income?

46. We asked you this question last time we spoke. Since then, do you think that there will be changes to your benefits or the way they are provided to you in the next year? (OPTIONAL QUESTION IF THERE IS TIME)

  • Probe: move to monthly payments, online system, single payments
  • Probe: Looking ahead, how do you think you will be financially a year from now, will you be ... better off, worse off than you are now, about the same?

47. Since we last spoke, have your feelings altered about how the press and TV or others (politicians, people you know) talk about those on welfare? (OPTIONAL QUESTION IF THERE IS TIME)

  • Probe: what are these perceptions? Are they better/worse than our last meeting? What makes you feel like that?
  • Do these views influence or affect you in any way?

48. Have you needed to get any information about benefits since we last met? If you have, where did you go for help?

  • Probe: was this a good source for information?
  • What was the outcome (were they helpful, did you get the support you needed, did you get the information or outcome you wanted)?

Section 4: Health and wellbeing

24. How have you been feeling in yourself since we last spoke? (Probe for own, personal account of wellbeing here)

25. How has your physical wellbeing changed since our last interview? (Ask participant to rate)

  • Much worse
  • Worse
  • The same as when last spoke
  • Better
  • Much better

26. How has your mental/emotional wellbeing changed since last interview? (Ask participant to rate)

  • Much worse
  • Worse
  • The same as when we last spoke
  • Better
  • Much better

27. Please can you remind me how your overall wellbeing was when we last spoke? (Ask participant to rate)

  • Very poor
  • Poor
  • Managing OK
  • Well
  • Very well

28. Since the last interview has there been any change to your own health or the health of people in your household?

29. Is there anything else that we have not covered and that you would like to discuss?

Contact

Email: Communities Analytical Services

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