Implications of labour markets for the social care workforce: report

Footnotes

1 Oxford Economics, Skills Development Scotland (2019) Oxford Economics definition of social care is based on Standard Industrial Classification codes, and therefore differs to SSSC’s social service sector definition. The value of this data is therefore limited but it does help to illustrate where social services fits in the wider Scottish economy.

2 Appendix A provides clarification around the definition of social care services and the types of service provided.

3 National Health and Social Care Workforce Plan: Part 1 – Scottish Government (June 2017) https://www.gov.scot/publications/national-health-social-care-workforce-plan-part-1-framework-improving/

4 National Health and Social Care Workforce: Part 3 – Scottish Government (April 2018) https://www.gov.scot/publications/national-health-social-care-workforce-plan-part-3-improving-workforce/

5 National Health and Social Care Workforce: Part 2 – Scottish Government (December 2017) https://www.gov.scot/publications/national-health-social-care-workforce-plan-part-2-framework-improving/

6 A definition of children’s and adult social care services is provided in Table A2 in Appendix A.

7 73% completion rate

8 84% completion rate

9 NB: 20 responses came directly from the online PA survey, a further 56 were those who responded to the main employee survey who identified as PAs. Two surveys were used as previous experience suggests a lower response rate from workers in this area.

10 The SSSC will publish the 2019 report on 22 November 2019.

11 These are: adoption services, adult day care, adult placement services, care homes for adults, central and strategic staff, childcare agency, childminding, DCC, fieldwork services (adults), fieldwork services (children), fieldwork services (generic), fieldwork services (offenders), fostering services, housing support/care at home, nurse agency, offender accommodation service, residential childcare, and school care accommodation. Please note that this categorisation will exclude some workers such as personal assistants and childminding assistants. See the SSSC’s Annual Workforce Data Report for further information.

12 EU workers in Scotland’s social care workforce: contribution assessment – Scottish Government (July 2018) https://www.gov.scot/publications/contribution-non-uk-eu-workers-social-care-workforce-scotland/

13 Scottish Social Service Sector: Report on 2017 Workforce Data – SSSC (August 2018) https://data.sssc.uk.com/images/WDR/WDR2017.pdf and Annual Population Survey (2017) https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/default.asp

14 Ibid.

15 Ibid.

16 Ibid.

17 ‘Vacancy rate’ refers to levels of staff vacancies in Scotland – this is based the on rate of whole time equivalent vacancies (Page 6 ‘Staff Vacancies in Care Services 2017 Report – SSSC (January 2019) https://data.sssc.uk.com/images/StaffVacancies/Staff-vacancies-in-care-services-2017.pdf)

18 Staff vacancies in care services 2017 – Care Inspectorate/SSSC (January 2019) https://www.careinspectorate.com/index.php/news/4767-staff-vacancies-in-care-services-2017 and Employer Skills Survey (2017) https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/employer-skills-survey-2017-scotland-toolkit

19 Turnover rate reaches new high – Beckett Frith, HR Magazine (October 2017) https://www.hrmagazine.co.uk/article-details/turnover-rate-reaches-new-high

20 The SSSC Register was set up under the Regulation of Care (Scotland) Act 2001 to regulate social service workers and to promote their education and training. Registration is a major part of the drive for higher standards in the social service sector and is bringing the social service workforce in line with other professional colleagues. Registration of social service workers has an important role in improving safeguards for people using services and increasing public confidence in the social service workforce.

21 Survey of leavers from the SSSC register – SSSC (December 2018)

22 Oxford Economics, Skills Development Scotland (2019) Oxford Economics definition of social care is based on Standard Industrial Classification codes, and therefore differs to SSSC’s social service sector definition. The value of this data is therefore limited but it does help to illustrate where social services fits in the wider Scottish economy.

23 Burning Glass Technologies https://www.burning-glass.com/

24 The Economic Value of Social Care – SSSC (June 2018) https://data.sssc.uk.com/data-publications/196-the-economic-value-of-adult-social-care

25 Ibid

26 Appendix A provides clarification around the definition of social care services and the types of service provided.

27 SSSC Report on 2017 Workforce Data - SSSC (August 2018) https://data.sssc.uk.com/data-publications/22-workforce-data-report/178-scottish-social-service-sector-report-on-2017-workforce-data

28 Source: Business Register and Employment Survey (BRES)

29 SSSC Report on 2017 Workforce Data - SSSC (August 2018) https://data.sssc.uk.com/data-publications/22-workforce-data-report/178-scottish-social-service-sector-report-on-2017-workforce-data

30 The difference between people of working age and people not of working age. There are implications for the tax receipts paid to the Exchequer by the working age population and the pressure on the public purse generated by the needs of people not of working age, including pensioners.

31 Fraser of Allander research (https://fraserofallander.org/scottish-economy/fiscal-policy/how-serious-is-scotlands-demographic-challenge/)

32 Integration of Health and Social Care – Scottish Government http://www.gov.scot/Topics/Health/Policy/Adult-Health-SocialCare-Integration

33 Self-Directed Support: 2017 Progress Report – Audit Scotland (August 2017) https://www.audit-scotland.gov.uk/report/self-directed-support-2017-progress-report

34 Working Collaboratively for a Better Scotland – Enterprise and Skills Strategic Board (October 2018) https://www.gov.scot/publications/working-collaboratively-better-scotland/

35 National Health and Social Care Workforce Plan: Part 1 – Scottish Government (June 2017) https://www.gov.scot/publications/national-health-social-care-workforce-plan-part-1-framework-improving/

36 National Health and Social Care Workforce: Part 3 – Scottish Government (April 2018) https://www.gov.scot/publications/national-health-social-care-workforce-plan-part-3-improving-workforce/

37 National Health and Social Care Workforce: Part 2 – Scottish Government (December 2017) https://www.gov.scot/publications/national-health-social-care-workforce-plan-part-2-framework-improving/

38 The contribution of EEA citizens to Scotland: response to the Migration Advisory Committee call for evidence – Scottish Government (November 2017) https://www.gov.scot/publications/contribution-eea-citizens-scotland-scottish-governments-response-migration-advisory-committee-9781788514057/pages/1/

39 The SSSC typically uses the terms ‘public, private and voluntary sector’ in their workforce data reports. This study generally uses third, independent and public sectors, but uses the SSSC’s preferred terminology where relevant.

40 https://www.gov.scot/policies/early-education-and-care/early-learning-and-childcare/

41 Early Learning and Childcare Providers: Delivery Support Plan (December 2018) https://www.gov.scot/publications/delivery-support-plan-early-learning-childcare-providers/pages/2/

42 Self-Directed Support – Self Directed Support Scotland http://www.selfdirectedsupportscotland.org.uk/self-directed-support

43 Personal Assistant Employer’s Handbook – Scottish Government (April 2014) https://www.gov.scot/publications/personal-assistant-employers-handbook/#res-1

44 Between 1 August 2016 and 31 July 2017.

45 Fair Work in Scotland’s Social Care Sector 2019 – Fair Work Convention (Feb 2019) https://unison-scotland.org/library/PUBLICATION-Social-care-report-01-FINAL-VERSION-sent-to-APS_revised-on...-1.pdf

46 Voices from the Front Line: Exploring Recruitment & Retention of Social Care Support Workers – Scottish Care (January 2016) http://www.scottishcare.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Voices-from-the-Front-Line.pdf

47 CCPS releases report on Handing Back Contracts – CCPS Scotland (May 2019) http://www.ccpscotland.org/news/7056/

48 Iriss https://www.iriss.org.uk/

49 The View From Here – Iriss (2015) https://blogs.iriss.org.uk/viewfromhere/workforce-2015/

50 Appendix A provides clarification around the sub-sectors of the social care workforce.

51 NB There were fewer than 100 survey responses from people who selected more than one sub-sector

52 A definition of children’s and adult’s social care services is provided in Table A2 in Appendix A.

53 73% completion rate

54 84% completion rate

55 Total does not sum to 8,055 as some respondents did not or could not indicate a sector covered by the survey for example some fieldwork services

56 NB: 20 responses came directly from the online PA survey, a further 56 were those who responded to the main employee survey who identified as PAs. Two surveys were used as previous experience suggests a lower response rate from workers in this area.

57 Categorised using the Scottish Government 2-fold urban rural classification. Urban areas – settlements of 3,000 or more people; Rural areas – settlements of less than 3,000 people.

58 Personalisation means that people become more involved in how services are designed and they receive support that is most suited to them.

59 ELC provision expanding to 1,140 hours for all three and fur year olds and eligible two year old by August 2020

60 Health and social care integration: update on progress – Audit Scotland (November 2018) https://www.audit-scotland.gov.uk/uploads/docs/report/2018/nr_181115_health_socialcare_update.pdf

61 Integration of Health and Social Care – Scottish Government http://www.gov.scot/Topics/Health/Policy/Adult-Health-SocialCare-Integration

62 National Health and Social Care Workforce Plan: Part 1 – Scottish Government (June 2017) https://www.gov.scot/publications/national-health-social-care-workforce-plan-part-1-framework-improving/

63 National Health and Social Care Workforce Plan: Part 2 – Scottish Government (December 2017) https://www.gov.scot/publications/national-health-social-care-workforce-plan-part-2-framework-improving/

64 National Health and Social Care Workforce Plan: Part 3 – Scottish Government (April 2018) https://www.gov.scot/publications/national-health-social-care-workforce-plan-part-3-improving-workforce/

65 Social care support reform: vision – Scottish Government (June 2019) https://www.gov.scot/publications/social-care-support-investment-scotlands-people-society-economy-shared-vision-adult-social-care-support-including-support-carers-partnership-programme-support-local-reform-adult-social-care/

66 The Care Inspectorate https://www.careinspectorate.com/index.php/member-of-the-public/4555-who-we-are-and-what-we-do

67 Scottish Social Services Council https://www.sssc.uk.com/registration/

68 Registration data – Scottish Social Services Council (September 2019) https://data.sssc.uk.com/registration-data

69 Social Care (Self-directed Support) (Scotland) Act 2013 http://www.legislation.gov.uk/asp/2013/1/contents/enacted

70 Children and Young People (Scotland) Act 2014 http://www.legislation.gov.uk/asp/2014/8/contents/enacted

71 Early learning and childcare providers: delivery support plan – Scottish Government (December 2018) https://www.gov.scot/publications/delivery-support-plan-early-learning-childcare-providers/

72 Getting It Right For Every Child https://www.gov.scot/policies/girfec/

73 Fair Work in Scotland’s Social Care Sector 2019 – Fair Work Convention (February 2019) https://www.fairworkconvention.scot/our-report-on-fair-work-in-social-care/

74 Living Wage Scotland https://scottishlivingwage.org/

75 Implementing the Scottish Living Wage in adult Social Care: An evaluation of the experiences of Social Care partners, and usefulness of Joint Guidance – CCPS (2018)

76 Protecting Scotland’s Future: the Government’s Programme for Scotland 2019-2020 – Scottish Government (September 2019) https://www.gov.scot/publications/protecting-scotlands-future-governments-programme-scotland-2019-20/

77 The SSSC will publish the 2019 report on 22 November 2019.

78 Scottish Social Service Sector: Report on 2017 Workforce Data – SSSC (August 2018) https://data.sssc.uk.com/images/WDR/WDR2017.pdf

79 These are: adoption services, adult day care, adult placement services, care homes for adults, central and strategic staff, childcare agency, childminding, DCC, fieldwork services (adults), fieldwork services (children), fieldwork services (generic), fieldwork services (offenders), fostering services, housing support/care at home, nurse agency, offender accommodation service, residential childcare, and school care accommodation. Please note that this categorisation will exclude some workers such as personal assistants and childminding assistants. See the SSSC’s Annual Workforce Data Report for further information.

80 EU workers in Scotland’s social care workforce: contribution assessment – Scottish Government (July 2018) https://www.gov.scot/publications/contribution-non-uk-eu-workers-social-care-workforce-scotland/

81 Scottish Social Service Sector: Report on 2017 Workforce Data – SSSC (August 2018) https://data.sssc.uk.com/images/WDR/WDR2017.pdf and Annual Population Survey (2017) https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/default.asp

82 Ibid.

83 Ibid.

84 Ibid.

85 ‘Vacancy rate’ refers to levels of staff vacancies in Scotland - this is based the on rate of whole time equivalent vacancies (Page 6 ‘Staff Vacancies in Care Services 2017 Report – SSSC (January 2019) https://data.sssc.uk.com/images/StaffVacancies/Staff-vacancies-in-care-services-2017.pdf)

86 Staff vacancies in care services 2017 – Care Inspectorate/SSSC (January 2019) https://www.careinspectorate.com/index.php/news/4767-staff-vacancies-in-care-services-2017 and Employer Skills Survey (2017) https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/employer-skills-survey-2017-scotland-toolkit

87 NB ‘Working rurally’ is a reference to the proportion of staff working in a rural area. The ‘Vacancy rate’ refers to levels of staff vacancies in Scotland - the social care figure reflects the SSSC findings from its ‘Staff Vacancies in Care Services 2017 Report (January 2019) https://data.sssc.uk.com/images/StaffVacancies/Staff-vacancies-in-care-services-2017.pdf

88 Scottish Social Service Sector: Report on 2017 Workforce Data – SSSC (August 2018) https://data.sssc.uk.com/images/WDR/WDR2017.pdf

89 Staff densities are defined as the number of social care staff per 10,000 population

90 Business Register and Employment Survey (2017) https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/default.asp

91 Annual Population Survey (2017) https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/default.asp

92 Using SSSC registration data to examine workforce movements, (May 2019) https://www.sssc.uk.com/knowledgebase/article/KA-02680/en-us .

93 Turnover rate reaches new high – Beckett Frith, HR Magazine (October 2017) https://www.hrmagazine.co.uk/article-details/turnover-rate-reaches-new-high

94 NB –turnover rate covers not just with those in post at the beginning of a period but also those who come into post during the period and have left before the end of the period.

95 The State of the Adult Social Care Sector and Workforce in England – Skills for Care (2019) https://www.skillsforcare.org.uk/adult-social-care-workforce-data/Workforce-intelligence/documents/State-of-the-adult-social-care-sector/State-of-Report-2019.pdf

96 In the Front Line – Social Care Providers Survey Report on Recruitment and Retention (2015) http://www.scottishcare.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Scottish-Care-In-the-Front-Line-Report.pdf

97 EU workers in Scotland’s social care workforce: contribution assessment – Scottish Government (July 2018) https://www.gov.scot/publications/contribution-non-uk-eu-workers-social-care-workforce-scotland/

98 Staff Vacancies in Care Services – SSSC and the Care Inspectorate 2017 (January 2019) https://www.careinspectorate.com/index.php/news/4767-staff-vacancies-in-care-services-2017

99 Please note, data does not go back beyond 2015

100 Employer Skills Survey, Scotland slidepack – Department for Education (2017) https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/733755/Employer_Skills_Survey_2017-Scotland_slide_pack.pdf

101 NB The Care Inspectorate does not provide a definition of the term ‘hard-to-fill’ in relation to job vacancies.

102 Employer Skills Survey 2017 Research Report – Department for Education (August 2018) https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/746493/ESS_2017_UK_Report_Controlled_v06.00.pdf

103 Staff Vacancies in Care Services – SSSC and the Care Inspectorate 2017 (January 2019) https://www.careinspectorate.com/index.php/news/4767-staff-vacancies-in-care-services-2017

104 Employer Skills Survey, Scotland slidepack – Department for Education (2017) https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/733755/Employer_Skills_Survey_2017-Scotland_slide_pack.pdf

105 The SSSC Register was set up under the Regulation of Care (Scotland) Act 2001 to regulate social service workers and to promote their education and training. Registration is a major part of the drive for higher standards in the social service sector and is bringing the social service workforce in line with other professional colleagues. Registration of social service workers has an important role in improving safeguards for people using services and increasing public confidence in the social service workforce.

106 2018 Benchmarking Report for HR Voluntary Sector Network and CCPS – CCPS (May 2019) http://www.ccpscotland.org/resources/2018-benchmarking-report-hr-voluntary-sector-forum-executive-summary-2019/

107 Survey of leavers from the SSSC register – SSSC (December 2018)

108 Using SSSC registration data to examine workforce movements – SSSC (May 2019) https://www.sssc.uk.com/knowledgebase/article/KA-02680/en-us

109 Oxford Economics, Skills Development Scotland (2019)

110 Please note this includes the following SIC codes: 85.1 Pre-primary education, 88.91 Child day-care activities.

111 Burning Glass Technologies https://www.burning-glass.com/

112 Understanding Location Quotient - https://www.economicmodeling.com/2011/10/14/understanding-location-quotient-2/

113 Chapter 6 considers the dynamics of the wider labour market in Scotland. Figure 6.3 outlines the industry sectors identified by social care employers as being the biggest source of competition for employers in Scotland: health (73%); retail(22%); education - other (18%); education – classroom assistants (17%); hotels and hospitality (17%); cleaning (16%)

114 NB The Foundation Apprenticeship data covers 2 years.

115 Table A.2 in Appendix A provides clarification between children’s and adult social care services

116 The social care workforce sits within the wider ‘social service sector’. The social service sector refers to two sub-groups: ‘care services’ which is all registered care services and ‘social work services’- that is, all local authority social work services. The social care workforce includes both children’s services (i.e. adoption services, fostering services, residential childcare and fieldwork services) and adult services (i.e. adult day care, adult placement services, care homes, housing support/care at home for adults, nurse agencies, offender accommodation services, and fieldwork services).

117 Larger cities and urban areas with substantial rural areas.

118 Scottish Social Service Sector: Report on 2017 Workforce Data – SSSC (August 2018) https://data.sssc.uk.com/images/WDR/WDR2017.pdf

119 Scottish Social Service Sector: Report on 2017 Workforce Data – SSSC (August 2018) https://data.sssc.uk.com/images/WDR/WDR2017.pdf

120 Fair Work in Scotland’s Social Care Sector 2019 – Fair Work Convention (February 2019) https://www.fairworkconvention.scot/our-report-on-fair-work-in-social-care/

121 As these two surveys were different, not all the findings could be combined.

122 See Table A.2 in Appendix A for definitions of adult and children’s services

123 See Table A.2 in Appendix A for definitions of adult and children’s services

124 The 4 Rs: The open doors of recruitment and retention in social care – Scottish Care

125 Using SSSC registration data to examine workforce movements – SSSC (May 2019) https://www.sssc.uk.com/knowledgebase/article/KA-02680/en-us

126 Benchmarking Survey: HR Forum for Voluntary Sector – CCPS (April 2019) http://www.ccpscotland.org/resources/2018-benchmarking-report-hr-voluntary-sector-forum-executive-summary-2019/

127 Care at Home Contracts and Sustainability Report – Scottish Care (2018) http://www.scottishcare.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/SC-Care-at-Home-Sustainability-report-2017.pdf

128 Further clarification is provided in Appendix A. The ekosgen survey asked employers and employees to identify as either ‘public’, ‘private’ or ‘voluntary’ sector. However, these are referred to throughout our report as ‘public’, ‘independent’ and ‘third’ sector in line with the definitions used in Part Two of the National Health and Social Care Workforce Plan

129 Fair Work in Scotland’s Social Care Sector 2019 – Fair Work Convention (2019) https://unison-scotland.org/library/PUBLICATION-Social-care-report-01-FINAL-VERSION-sent-to-APS_revised-on...-1.pdf

130 Briefing for care and support providers: Holiday Pay and Overtime Sleepovers and National Minimum Wage – CCPS (March 2015) http://www.ccpscotland.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/CCPSsleepoverbriefing.pdf

131 Implementing the Scottish Living Wage in adult social care: An evaluation of the experiences of social care partners, and usefulness of Joint Guidance – CCPS and University of Strathclyde (November 2018) http://www.ccpscotland.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Univ-of-Strathclyde-Living-Wage-implementation-research-November-2018.pdf

132 Implementing the Scottish Living Wage in adult Social Care: An evaluation of the experiences of Social Care partners, and usefulness of Joint Guidance – CCPS (November 2018) http://www.ccpscotland.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Univ-of-Strathclyde-Living-Wage-implementation-research-November-2018.pdf

133 Scotland’s carers – Scottish Government (2015) https://www.gov.scot/publications/scotlands-carers/

134 Juggling Work and Unpaid Care: A growing issue – Carers UK (2019) http://www.carersuk.org/images/News_and_campaigns/Juggling_work_and_unpaid_care_report_final_0119_WEB.pdf

135 National Health and Social Care Workforce Plan: Part 2 – Scottish Government (December 2017) https://www.gov.scot/publications/national-health-social-care-workforce-plan-part-2-framework-improving/

136 Underemployment can be defined as a situation where people are working fewer hours than they wish, or accept jobs that don’t utilise their skills (for instance a graduate working in an entry-level job may be considered to be underemployed)

137 Skills Action Plan for Rural Scotland – Skills Development Scotland (June 2019) https://www.skillsdevelopmentscotland.co.uk/media/45683/skills-action-plan-for-rural-scotland-summary-report.pdf

138 Labour Market Outlook: Views From Employers – CIPD (Summer 2019) https://www.cipd.co.uk/Images/labour-market-outlook-summer-2019_tcm18-62411.pdf

139 Staff vacancies in care services 2017 – Care Inspectorate/SSSC (January 2019) https://www.careinspectorate.com/index.php/news/4767-staff-vacancies-in-care-services-2017

140 Hard-to-fill vacancies are defined as vacancies that have been open for three months or longer.

141 Ekosgen survey responses

142 Labour Market Outlook: Views From Employers – CIPD (Summer 2019) https://www.cipd.co.uk/Images/labour-market-outlook-summer-2019_tcm18-62411.pdf

143 2018 Benchmarking Report for HR Voluntary Sector Network and CCPS – CCPS (2018) http://www.ccpscotland.org/resources/2018-benchmarking-report-hr-voluntary-sector-forum-executive-summary-2019/

144 Personal Assistant Employer's Handbook – Scottish Government (2014) https://www.gov.scot/publications/personal-assistant-employers-handbook/

145 Using SSSC registration data to examine workforce movements – SSSC (May 2019) https://www.sssc.uk.com/knowledgebase/article/KA-02680/en-us

146 Using SSSC registration data to examine workforce movements – SSSC (May 2019) https://www.sssc.uk.com/knowledgebase/article/KA-02680/en-us

147 Ibid

148 NB – ‘Education – other’ refers to all education jobs excluding classroom assistants.

149 Definitions of ‘adult’ and ‘children’s’ services are outlined in Appendix A.

150 Fragile Foundations: Exploring the Mental Health of the Social Care Workforce and the People They Support – Scottish Care (2017) http://www.scottishcare.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Mental-Health-Report-November-2017-.pdf

151 We are the Trees That Bend in the Wind – Scottish Care (February 2017) https://scottishcare.org/we-are-the-trees-that-bend-in-the-wind-watch-our-animation/

152 It is worth noting that the SSSC analysis is based on a smaller cohort of 244 people.

153 Using SSSC registration data to examine workforce movements – SSSC (May 2019) https://www.sssc.uk.com/knowledgebase/article/KA-02680/en-us

154 Health of Scotland’s population – Life Expectancy – Scottish Government https://www2.gov.scot/Topics/Statistics/Browse/Health/TrendLifeExpectancy

155 Projected Population of Scotland (2016-based) – National Records of Scotland (October 2017) https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/statistics-and-data/statistics/statistics-by-theme/population/population-projections/population-projections-scotland/2016-based

156 Burning Glass Technologies https://www.burning-glass.com/

157 Turnover rate reaches new high – Beckett Frith, HR Magazine (October 2017) https://www.hrmagazine.co.uk/article-details/turnover-rate-reaches-new-high

158 Fair Work in Scotland’s Social Care Sector 2019 – Fair Work Convention (February 2019) https://www.fairworkconvention.scot/our-report-on-fair-work-in-social-care/

159 Public Services Reform (Scotland) Act 2010 – Scottish Government (2010) https://www.legislation.gov.uk/asp/2010/8/contents

160 This term is used interchangeably with the term “service type”. The sub-sector categories are based on; a) the definitions of registered care services (set out in the Regulation of Care (Scotland) Act 2001); and b) the types of services provided by non-registered local authority social work services.

161 See Table A.2 in Appendix A for definition of children’s services

162 The data for Scotland is sources from the Annual Population Survey (2018), Business Register and Employment Survey (2017) and DfE Employer Skills Survey (2017).

163 Please note it is not possible for this age band to be broken down as per the Social care age bands.

164 Wages and statements are true at the time of reporting (October 2019). New rates are set to be announced during Living Wage Week in November 2019.

165 £10.75 in London