Alcohol - minimum unit pricing - continuation and future pricing: interim business and regulatory impact assessment

Footnotes

1. No place for cheap alcohol: the potential value of minimum pricing for protecting lives (who.int)

2. Reducing harm due to alcohol: success stories from 3 countries (who.int)

3. The reduction in alcohol-attributable deaths and hospital admissions found as part of the evaluation are estimates

4. Monitoring and Evaluating Scotlands Alcohol Strategy (MESAS), 2022 (publichealthscotland.scot)

5. Evaluating the impact of alcohol minimum unit pricing on deaths and hospitalisations in Scotland: a controlled interrupted time series study - ScienceDirect

6. Evaluating the impact of minimum unit pricing for alcohol in Scotland: A synthesis of the evidence - Publications - Public Health Scotland

7. Consumer Prices Index including owner occupiers' housing costs (CPIH) - Office for National Statistics

8. The Scottish Health Survey 2021 - volume 1: main report - gov.scot (www.gov.scot)

9. This is often cited as the 'alcohol harm paradox', Bellis MA, Hughes K, Nicholls J, Sheron N, Gilmore I, Jones L. The alcohol harm paradox: Using a national survey to explore how alcohol may disproportionately impact health in deprived individuals. BMC Public Health [Internet]. 2016 Feb 18;16(1):111. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-2766-x

10. Monitoring and Evaluating Scotlands Alcohol Strategy (MESAS), 2022 (publichealthscotland.scot)

11. Monitoring and Evaluating Scotlands Alcohol Strategy (MESAS), 2022 (publichealthscotland.scot)

12. Monitoring and Evaluating Scotlands Alcohol Strategy (MESAS), 2022 (publichealthscotland.scot)

13. Rehm, J. et al. (2009) Global burden of disease and injury and economic cost attributable to alcohol use and alcohol-use disorders, Lancet; 373: 2223–33.

14. Alcohol use and burden for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 - PubMed (nih.gov)

15. Social desirability biases in self-reported alcohol consumption and harms. (apa.org)

16. Alcohol-specific deaths | National Records of Scotland (nrscotland.gov.uk)

17. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on alcohol consumption and harm in Scotland and England: An evidence summary (publichealthscotland.scot)

18. Hospital admissions, deaths and overall burden of disease attributable to alcohol consumption in Scotland - ScotPHO

19. Alcohol-related hospital statistics 2021/22 Alcohol related hospital statistics - Scotland financial year 2021 to 2022 - Alcohol related hospital statistics - Publications - Public Health Scotland

20. Avoidable mortality | National Records of Scotland (nrscotland.gov.uk) published 10 November 2022

21. Alcohol-specific deaths in the UK - Office for National Statistics (ons.gov.uk)

22. International comparisons - ScotPHO

23. International comparisons - ScotPHO

24. Harmful use of alcohol (who.int)

25. Global strategy to reduce the harmful use of alcohol (who.int), published 2010

26. Political declaration of the third high-level meeting of the General Assembly on the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases (who.int)

27. 9780192844484.pdf (oup.com), published December 2022 (chapter 16)

28. WHO, Tackling NCD's: Best Buys and other recommended interventions for tackling the burden of non-communicable diseases (2017)WHO-NMH-NVI-17.9-eng.pdf

WHO and World Economic Forum, From Burden to 'Best Buys' : Reducing the Economic Impact of Non-Communicable Diseases in Low –and Middle-income countries, best_buys_summary.pdf (who.int)

29. The SAFER technical package (who.int)

30. OECD (2021), Preventing Harmful Alcohol Use, OECD Health Policy Studies, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/6e4b4ffb-en

31. No place for cheap alcohol: the potential value of minimum pricing for protecting lives (who.int) paras 5.4 to 5.6

32. Business: New Deal for Business Group - gov.scot (www.gov.scot)

33. A Deposit Return Scheme for Scotland: Final Business and Regulatory Impact Assessment (BRIA) (www.gov.scot)

34. Public attitudes to Minimum Unit Pricing (MUP) for alcohol in Scotland (publichealthscotland.scot)

35. https://www.gov.scot/isbn/9781835213285

36. Gallet CA (2007). The demand for alcohol: a meta‐analysis of elasticities* - Gallet - 2007 - Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics - Wiley Online Library

37. Wagenaar AC, Salois MJ, Komro KA (2009). Effects of beverage alcohol price and tax levels on drinking: a meta-analysis of 1003 estimates from 112 studies - PubMed (nih.gov)

38. Fogarty J (2010). THE DEMAND FOR BEER, WINE AND SPIRITS: A SURVEY OF THE LITERATURE - Fogarty - 2010 - Journal of Economic Surveys - Wiley Online Library

39. Elder RW, Lawrence B, Ferguson A, Naimi TS, Brewer RD, Chattopadhyay SK et al. (2010). The Effectiveness of Tax Policy Interventions for Reducing Excessive Alcohol Consumption and Related Harms - PMC(nih.gov)

40. PHS Monitoring Report 2022

41. Inflation and cost of living for household groups, UK: October 2022. ONS

42. Chapter 8 Alcohol and Drugs - The Scottish Health Survey 2021: summary report - gov.scot (www.gov.scot)

43. Chapter 8 Alcohol and Drugs - The Scottish Health Survey 2021: summary report - gov.scot (www.gov.scot)

44. Chapter 8 Alcohol and Drugs - The Scottish Health Survey 2021: summary report - gov.scot (www.gov.scot)

45. https://www.publichealthscotland.scot/media/16542/population-health-impacts-of-the-rising-cost-of-living-in-scotland-a-rapid-health-impact-assessment.pdf

46. Moore SC et al. Alcohol affordability: implications for alcohol price policies. A cross-sectional analysis in middle and older adults from UK Biobank. J. Public Health 2022; 44, e192–e202.

47. Dom G et al. The Impact of the 2008 Economic Crisis on Substance Use Patterns in the Countries of the European Union. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public. Health 2016; 13.

48. MESAS monitoring report 2022 - Publications - Public Health Scotland

49. Evaluating the impact of MUP on alcohol products and prices 2022 - Publications - Public Health Scotland

50. PHS MESAS Monitoring Report 2022, excel spreadsheets and graphs on alcohol price and affordability

51. Evaluating the impact of Minimum Unit Pricing (MUP) on the price distribution of off-trade alcohol in Scotland (publichealthscotland.scot)

52. Figure 5, Evaluating the impact of Minimum Unit Pricing (MUP) on the price distribution of off-trade alcohol in Scotland (publichealthscotland.scot)

53. PHS MESAS Monitoring Report 2022, excel spreadsheets and graphs on alcohol price and affordability, figure 3, https://www.publichealthscotland.scot/media/13690/mesas-monitoring-report-2022-alcohol-price-and-affordability.xlsx

54. To note that the above table suggests there are still products that are sold below the current 50p MUP. This is due to the way that sales data are recorded as opposed to products being sold illegally. Following the introduction of MUP, products and prices were analysed as part of the Public Health Scotland evaluation and they found that the main reasons for products looking as if they were being sold for less than 50ppu were rounding (data company recorded price as 49.9ppu) and splitting of a multipack. The PHS study found that when retailers split a multipack into its individual items and sell them (which could happen if a can was damaged), can result in lower prices in sales records that do not reflect actual in-store sales. Because the barcode on the individual item can be the same as the multipack, this can misrepresent the number of sales as equalling the number of split containers, rather than the one multipack. Thus a four-pack of 500ml, when split, can be misrepresented as four multipacks rather than four individual items (i.e. 16 individual tins being sold for the price of four, or 8 litres for the price of 2 litres).

55. 45% of sales below 50ppu in 2017 from latest MESAS Report. Revised from 47% published in the 2018 Monitoring and Evaluating Scotlands Alcohol Strategy (MESAS), 2018 (healthscotland.scot) , page 8

56. https://sarg-sheffield.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/sarg-scottish-mup-report-2023.pdf

57. No place for cheap alcohol: the potential value of minimum pricing for protecting lives (who.int)

58. https://sarg-sheffield.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/sarg-scottish-mup-report-2023.pdf

59. Monitoring and Evaluating Scotland's Alcohol Strategy (MESAS) - Alcohol - Health topics - Public Health Scotland

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61. Evaluating the impact of minimum unit pricing for alcohol in Scotland: Final report (publichealthscotland.scot) , section 6, page 95

62. MESAS monitoring report 2022 - Publications - Public Health Scotland, alcohol price and affordability spreadsheet

63. https://sarg-sheffield.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/sarg-scottish-mup-report-2023.pdf

64. MESAS monitoring report 2022 - Publications - Public Health Scotland, alcohol and price affordability spreadsheet

65. Evaluating the impact of Minimum Unit Pricing (MUP) on the price distribution of off-trade alcohol in Scotland (publichealthscotland.scot)

66. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on alcohol consumption and harm in Scotland and England: An evidence summary (publichealthscotland.scot) p. 38

67. No place for cheap alcohol: the potential value of minimum pricing for protecting lives (who.int)

68. https://sarg-sheffield.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/sarg-scottish-mup-report-2023.pdf

69. Section 7, 00532197.pdf (www.gov.scot)

70. Angus C, Holmes J, Pryce R, Meier P, Brennan A. (2016) 'Model-based appraisal of the comparative impact of Minimum Unit Pricing and taxation policies in Scotland: An adaptation of the Sheffield Alcohol Policy Model version 3', ScHARR: University of Sheffield

71. Angus C, Holmes J, Pryce R, Meier P, Brennan A. (2016) 'Model-based appraisal of the comparative impact of Minimum Unit Pricing and taxation policies in Scotland: An adaptation of the Sheffield Alcohol Policy Model version 3', ScHARR: University of Sheffield, Table 4.17, page 66

72. Angus C, Holmes J, Pryce R, Meier P, Brennan A. (2016) 'Model-based appraisal of the comparative impact of Minimum Unit Pricing and taxation policies in Scotland: An adaptation of the Sheffield Alcohol Policy Model version 3', ScHARR: University of Sheffield, Table 4.22, page 79

73. https://sarg-sheffield.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/sarg-scottish-mup-report-2023.pdf

74. No place for cheap alcohol: the potential value of minimum pricing for protecting lives (who.int)

75. Evaluating the impact of alcohol minimum unit pricing (MUP) on alcohol-attributable deaths and hospital admissions in Scotland (publichealthscotland.scot) , published 21 March 2023

76. Monitoring and Evaluating Scotland's Alcohol Strategy (MESAS) - Alcohol - Health topics - Public Health Scotland, revised down from 47% in 2018 PHS MESAS report

77. Based on the value of a prevented fatality (VPF) calculated by the Department for Transport (DfT). Estimated at £1.9m in 2020 prices. This is based on willingness to pay for reduced probability of death.

78. Evaluating the impact of minimum unit pricing for alcohol in Scotland: A synthesis of the evidence - Publications - Public Health Scotland

79. Scottish Government analysis of Circana Ltd data

80. Estimated weighted average unit price from PHS Products and Prices study. Data provided separately for top 50 selling products in supermarket and convenience channels. A weighted average price has been estimated based on value of sales of product if in top 50 selling products in both supermarket and convenience channels. Estimates only available for products which are in Top selling list in 2022 and 2017-18.

81. Average of 'table wine' used for 2017 data due to different categorisation in datasets

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83. Alcohol tax pass‐through across the product and price range: do retailers treat cheap alcohol differently? - Ally - 2014 - Addiction - Wiley Online Library

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86. Supermarket and convenience sector sales combined, excludes sales data from discounter stores (Aldi, Lidl).

87. Previous three years of sales data of Scottish off-sales market purchased from market intelligence company Circana Ltd.

88. MESAS monitoring report 2022 - Publications - Public Health Scotland – estimate of total sales value using average price per unit, total units sold per adult drinker, adult population of Scotland.

89. https://www.gov.scot/binaries/content/documents/govscot/publications/statistics/2019/08/input-output-latest/documents/all-tables-latest-year/all-tables-latest-year/govscot%3Adocument/SUT-2019.xlsx

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91. Four common frameworks are listed for the Department of Health & Social Care and none are relevant.

92. MUP does not apply to sales to trade, The Alcohol (Minimum Price per Unit) (Scotland) Amendment Order 2020 (legislation.gov.uk)

93. WTO | Technical Barriers to Trade

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129. Evidence on cross-border purchasing to date (publichealthscotland.scot)

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