What do we know about In-Work Poverty? A summary of the evidence
Summarises what the evidence tells us about the extent and impact of in-work poverty in Scotland, and the key factors that influence in-work poverty.
Footnotes
1. The poverty measure used for the Scottish Government National Indicator 'Reduce the proportion of individual living in poverty' is the proportion of individuals living in private households with an equivalised income of less than 60% of the UK median before housing costs. Income is equivalised (adjusted) to take into account the fact that households of different sizes and compositions require a different level of income to achieve the same standard of living. The definition (and measure) of poverty that is used, and is being targeted, has important implications for the types of interventions likely to be effective in meeting poverty reduction goals. The attraction of having a relatively straightforward definition is that it is easy to monitor progress on a consistent basis. The drawback is that being too wedded to such a measure risks ignoring or not prioritising other interventions which impact on other definitions of poverty but which have limited effect on rates of relative poverty.
2. Household income is under 60% of the average household income (before housing costs)
3. http://www.scotland.gov.uk49b76fdd-f7c3-4cc8-8fd6-2f5012579349
4. http://www.scotland.gov.uk8a176a1b-9dd5-4a5e-a775-a1805b0c558f
5. http://www.scotland.gov.uk49b76fdd-f7c3-4cc8-8fd6-2f5012579349
6. http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/Doc/344949/0114783.pdf
7. http://www.scotland.gov.ukc2fde6fc-41ec-4945-885c-4c9dc8a161fa
9. Poverty statistics use equivalised income. Household income is adjusted to take into account family size and type, acknowledging that fact that different households require different levels of income to achieve the same standard of living. A couple with two children require a higher income than a single adult to achieve the same standard of living.
10. Earning less than 60 per cent of full-time, median hourly pay, excluding overtime
11. http://eurofound.europa.eu/publications/report/2010/other/working-poor-in-europe
12. http://www.ippr.org/assets/media/images/media/files/publication/2011/05/working_out_of_poverty_1616.pdf;
http://www.jrf.org.uk/sites/files/jrf/1859352588.pdf
13. http://www.jrf.org.uk/sites/files/jrf/poverty-jobs-worklessness-summary.pdf
14. http://www.jrf.org.uk/blog/2014/01/increasing-minimum-wage-only-half-answer-poverty
15. http://www.jrf.org.uk/sites/files/jrf/MPSE2013.pdf
16. http://www.gini-research.org/system/uploads/386/original/DP_51_-_Marx_Nolan.pdf?1348044753
17. Households Below Average Income (HBAI) dataset, DWP
19. https://smcpcommission.blog.gov.uk/2014/03/18/working-poverty-whats-going-on/
20. http://spruyork.blogspot.co.uk/2014/03/how-many-working-poor-parents-might-be.html
21. http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/Doc/933/0097339.pdf
24. Source: Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings, 2014, ONS.
25. http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/S4_MembersBills/Living_Wage_Consultation_Final.pdf
26. http://www.theworkfoundation.com/DownloadPublication/Report/365_BottomTenMillionFinalPaper.pdf
27. http://sticerd.lse.ac.uk/dps/case/cr/CASEreport60_summary.pdf
30. Online panel survey, conducted between 4th and 6th June 2014 with 1,003 respondents http://www.fawcettsociety.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/The-Changing-Labour-Market-2.pdf
31. http://skills.oecd.org/documents/OECDSkillsStrategyFINALENG.pdf
32. http://www.resolutionfoundation.org/publications/low-pay-britain-2013/
33. http://www.theworkfoundation.com/DownloadPublication/Report/365_BottomTenMillionFinalPaper.pdf
34. Households Below Average Income (HBAI) dataset, DWP
35. http://www.theworkfoundation.com/DownloadPublication/Report/365_BottomTenMillionFinalPaper.pdf
37. Labour Force Survey, Aug-Oct 2014, ONS; http://cdn.budgetresponsibility.independent.gov.uk/December_2014_EFO-web513.pdf;
http://www.bankofengland.co.uk/publications/Pages/inflationreport/2014/ir1404.aspx
39. See chapter 4 of Reindustrialising Scotland for the 21st Century, http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2014/06/5184
40. http://www.theworkfoundation.com/DownloadPublication/Report/365_BottomTenMillionFinalPaper.pdf
42. Analysis of data from the Poverty and Social Exclusion Survey, presented at a conference on 20 August 2014
43. MacInnes, T., Aldridge, H., Bushe, S., Kenway, P. and Tinson, A. (2013) Monitoring poverty and social exclusion 2013 York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation
44. Hurrell, A. (2013) Starting out or getting stuck? An analysis of who gets trapped in low-paid work - and who escapes London: Resolution Foundation
46. http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/0044/00449714.pdf
47. http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/parliamentarybusiness/CurrentCommittees/62266.aspx#defining
48. http://www.oecd.org/tax/public-finance/49417273.pdf
49. http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2014/06/7760/5
50. http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/0045/00451893.pdf
51. http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/0045/00451893.pdf
52. http://www.careinspectorate.com/index.php?option=com_docman&task=cat_view&gid=467&Itemid=100182
53. http://www.scswis.com/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=1021&Itemid=100175
55. https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/disaggregation-of-hmrc-tax-receipts
56. http://www.jrf.org.uk/sites/files/jrf/poverty-jobs-worklessness-summary.pdf
59. http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/0045/00451893.pdf
60. http://www.resolutionfoundation.org/publications/counting-costs-childcare/
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