Conversion practices - LGBT+ people of colour and minority ethnic faith experiences: research report

Footnotes

1 UK Government Equality Office, July 2018.

2 Ogunmuyiwa (2022) ‘Banning Conversion Practices in Ethnic Minority Communities: Project Summary’.

3 House of Rainbow.

4 Sarbat Sikhs.

5 Shakti Women's Aid (shaktiedinburgh.co.uk).

6 Naz and Matt Foundation - Be The Person You Were Born To Be.

7 Jaspreet Singh Tehara (2020) ‘British South Asian and bisexual an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of the male perspective.’ British_South_Asian_and_Bisexual.pdf (roehampton.ac.uk).

8 Siraj, A. (2011) ‘Isolated, invisible and in the closet: The life story of Scottish Muslim lesbians’. Journal of Lesbian Studies, 15(1), 99–121. Pg 102. Isolated, Invisible, and in the Closet: The Life Story of a Scottish Muslim Lesbian: Journal of Lesbian Studies: Vol 15, No 1 (tandfonline.com).

9 Fry, Munro and Smith et al (2020) ‘Intersectionality and South Asian Non-Normative Sexualities: The case of South Asian lesbians and bisexual women in the United Kingdom’. Pg 02.

10 Christ in Fry, Munro and Smith et al (2020) ‘Intersectionality and South Asian Non-Normative Sexualities: The case of South Asian lesbians and bisexual women in the United Kingdom’.

11 Wilson in Fry, Munro and Smith et al (2020) ‘Intersectionality and South Asian Non-Normative Sexualities: The case of South Asian lesbians and bisexual women in the United Kingdom’.

12 Siraj, A. (2011) ‘Isolated, invisible and in the closet: The life story of Scottish Muslim lesbians’. Journal of Lesbian Studies, 15(1), 99–121. Isolated, Invisible, and in the Closet: The Life Story of a Scottish Muslim Lesbian: Journal of Lesbian Studies: Vol 15, No 1 (tandfonline.com).

13 Bradshaw, 1994 in Siraj, A. (2011) ‘Isolated, invisible and in the closet: The life story of Scottish Muslim lesbians’. Journal of Lesbian Studies, 15(1), 99–121. Pg 104-105. Isolated, Invisible, and in the Closet: The Life Story of a Scottish Muslim Lesbian: Journal of Lesbian Studies: Vol 15, No 1 (tandfonline.com).

14 Yip, 2004 in Siraj, A. (2011) ‘Isolated, invisible and in the closet: The life story of Scottish Muslim lesbians’. Journal of Lesbian Studies, 15(1), 99–121. Pg 103. Isolated, Invisible, and in the Closet: The Life Story of a Scottish Muslim Lesbian: Journal of Lesbian Studies: Vol 15, No 1 (tandfonline.com).

15 Jaspal & Siraj, in press in Siraj, A. (2011) ‘Isolated, invisible and in the closet: The life story of Scottish Muslim lesbians’. Journal of Lesbian Studies, 15(1), 99–121. Pg 103. Isolated, Invisible, and in the Closet: The Life Story of a Scottish Muslim Lesbian: Journal of Lesbian Studies: Vol 15, No 1 (tandfonline.com).

16 Meyer – on Minority stress in Meyer (2003) ‘Prejudice, Social Stress, and Mental Health in Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Populations: Conceptual Issues and Research Evidence’. Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: Conceptual issues and research evidence. - PsycNET (apa.org).

17 Jaspreet Singh Tehara (2020), ‘British South Asian and bisexual an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of the male perspective’. Pg 36. British_South_Asian_and_Bisexual.pdf (roehampton.ac.uk).

18 Rehman, Jaspal and Fish (in press) ‘Service Provider Perspectives of Minority Stress among Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual People in the UK’: Journal of Homosexuality: Vol 68, No 14.

19 Rehman, Jaspal and Fish (in press) ‘Service Provider Perspectives of Minority Stress among Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual People in the UK’. Pg 01. Service_Provider_Perspectives_of_Minority_Stress_Rehman_Jaspal_Fish.pdf (brighton.ac.uk).

20 Jaspreet Singh Tehara (2020) ‘British South Asian and bisexual an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of the male perspective.’ British_South_Asian_and_Bisexual.pdf (roehampton.ac.uk)

21 Jaspreet Singh Tehara (2020) ‘British South Asian and bisexual an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of the male perspective.’ Pg 80. British_South_Asian_and_Bisexual.pdf (roehampton.ac.uk)

22 Jaspreet Singh Tehara (2020) ‘British South Asian and bisexual an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of the male perspective.’ Pgs 99-100. British_South_Asian_and_Bisexual.pdf (roehampton.ac.uk)

23 Fry, Munro and Smith et al (2020) ‘Intersectionality and South Asian Non-Normative Sexualities: The case of South Asian lesbians and bisexual women in the United Kingdom’, pg 03.

24 Fry, Munro and Smith et al (2020) ‘Intersectionality and South Asian Non-Normative Sexualities: The case of South Asian lesbians and bisexual women in the United Kingdom’. pg 14.

25 Fry, Munro and Smith et al (2020) ‘Intersectionality and South Asian Non-Normative Sexualities: The case of South Asian lesbians and bisexual women in the United Kingdom’. pg 14.

26 Jaspal, R. (2017). ‘Coping with perceived ethnic prejudice on the gay scene’. Journal of LGBT Youth, 14(2), 172–190. Coping with perceived ethnic prejudice on the gay scene: Journal of LGBT Youth: Vol 14, No 2 (tandfonline.com).

27 Jaspal, R. (2017) ‘Coping with perceived ethnic prejudice on the gay scene’. Journal of LGBT Youth, 14(2), 172–190. Pg 172. Coping with perceived ethnic prejudice on the gay scene: Journal of LGBT Youth: Vol 14, No 2 (tandfonline.com).

28 Informant in Siraj, A. (2011) ‘Isolated, invisible and in the closet: The life story of Scottish Muslim lesbians’. Journal of Lesbian Studies, 15(1), 99–121. Pg 115. Isolated, Invisible, and in the Closet: The Life Story of a Scottish Muslim Lesbian: Journal of Lesbian Studies: Vol 15, No 1 (tandfonline.com).

29 Rehman, Jaspal and Fish (in press) ‘Service Provider Perspectives of Minority Stress among Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual People in the UK’. Pg 07. Service_Provider_Perspectives_of_Minority_Stress_Rehman_Jaspal_Fish.pdf (brighton.ac.uk).

30 Meyer (2003) ‘Prejudice, Social Stress, and Mental Health in Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Populations: Conceptual Issues and Research Evidence’. Pg 675. Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: Conceptual issues and research evidence. - PsycNET (apa.org)

31 Ryan & Futterman, 1998 in Rehman, Jaspal and Fish (in press) ‘Service Provider Perspectives of Minority Stress among Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual People in the UK’. Pg 08. Service_Provider_Perspectives_of_Minority_Stress_Rehman_Jaspal_Fish.pdf (brighton.ac.uk).

32 Jaspal &Coyle 2009 in Rehman, Jaspal and Fish (in press) ‘Service Provider Perspectives of Minority Stress among Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual People in the UK’. Pg 08. Service_Provider_Perspectives_of_Minority_Stress_Rehman_Jaspal_Fish.pdf (brighton.ac.uk).

33 Balsam et al in Rehman, Jaspal and Fish (in press) ‘Service Provider Perspectives of Minority Stress among Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual People in the UK’. Service_Provider_Perspectives_of_Minority_Stress_Rehman_Jaspal_Fish.pdf (brighton.ac.uk).

34 Siraj, A. (2009) ‘The construction of the homosexual ‘other’ by British Muslim heterosexuals’. Cont Islam 3, 41–57. The construction of the homosexual ‘other’ by British Muslim heterosexuals | SpringerLink.

35 Ogunmuyiwa (2022) Banning Conversion Practices in Ethnic Minority Communities: Project Summary.

36 Rehman, Jaspal and Fish (in press) ‘Service Provider Perspectives of Minority Stress among Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual People in the UK’. Pg 09. Service_Provider_Perspectives_of_Minority_Stress_Rehman_Jaspal_Fish.pdf (brighton.ac.uk).

37 Fouad et al., 2008; Oyserman, Coon, & Kemmelmeier, 2002 in Rehman, Jaspal and Fish (in press) ‘Service Provider Perspectives of Minority Stress among Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual People in the UK’. Service_Provider_Perspectives_of_Minority_Stress_Rehman_Jaspal_Fish.pdf (brighton.ac.uk).

38 Jaspal, 2018 in Rehman, Jaspal and Fish (in press) ‘Service Provider Perspectives of Minority Stress among Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual People in the UK’. Service_Provider_Perspectives_of_Minority_Stress_Rehman_Jaspal_Fish.pdf (brighton.ac.uk).

39 Ogunmuyiwa (2022) ‘Banning Conversion Practices in Ethnic Minority Communities: Project Summary’.

40 Fry, Munro and Smith et al (2020) ‘Intersectionality and South Asian Non-Normative Sexualities: The case of South Asian lesbians and bisexual women in the United Kingdom’. Pg 08.

41 Fry, Munro and Smith et al (2020) ‘Intersectionality and South Asian Non-Normative Sexualities: The case of South Asian lesbians and bisexual women in the United Kingdom’. Pg 08.

42 Heather Harvey (2014) ‘Forced marriage: At the intersection of risk, identity and policy’. The Runnymede Trust | Forced marriage: At the intersection of risk, identity and policy.

43 Heather Harvey (2014) ‘Forced marriage: At the intersection of risk, identity and policy’. The Runnymede Trust | Forced marriage: At the intersection of risk, identity and policy.

44 Jaspal in Rehman, Jaspal and Fish (in press) ‘Service Provider Perspectives of Minority Stress among Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual People in the UK’. Pg 06. Service_Provider_Perspectives_of_Minority_Stress_Rehman_Jaspal_Fish.pdf (brighton.ac.uk).

45 Jaspal and Siraj in Siraj, A. (2011) ‘Isolated, invisible and in the closet: The life story of Scottish Muslim lesbians’. Journal of Lesbian Studies, 15(1), 99–121. Isolated, Invisible, and in the Closet: The Life Story of a Scottish Muslim Lesbian: Journal of Lesbian Studies: Vol 15, No 1 (tandfonline.com) and Herek, 2004 in Rehman, Jaspal and Fish (in press) ‘Service Provider Perspectives of Minority Stress among Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual People in the UK’. Service_Provider_Perspectives_of_Minority_Stress_Rehman_Jaspal_Fish.pdf (brighton.ac.uk).

46 Siraj, A. (2017) ‘British Pakistani lesbians existing within the confines of the closet.’ Pg 08. British Pakistani lesbians existing within the confines of the closet: Culture, Health & Sexuality: Vol 20, No 1 (tandfonline.com).

47 Siraj, A. (2011) ‘Isolated, invisible and in the closet: The life story of Scottish Muslim lesbians’. Journal of Lesbian Studies, 15(1), 99–121, pg 103. Isolated, Invisible, and in the Closet: The Life Story of a Scottish Muslim Lesbian: Journal of Lesbian Studies: Vol 15, No 1 (tandfonline.com).

48 Fry, Munro and Smith et al (2020) ‘Intersectionality and South Asian Non-Normative Sexualities: The case of South Asian lesbians and bisexual women in the United Kingdom’. Pg 05.

49 Hajra in Fry, Munro and Smith et al (2020) ‘Intersectionality and South Asian Non-Normative Sexualities: The case of South Asian lesbians and bisexual women in the United Kingdom’. Pg 05.

50 Adeela in Fry, Munro and Smith et al (2020) ‘Intersectionality and South Asian Non-Normative Sexualities: The case of South Asian lesbians and bisexual women in the United Kingdom’. Pg 07.

51 Harjit in in Rehman, Jaspal and Fish (in press) ‘Service Provider Perspectives of Minority Stress among Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual People in the UK’. Pg 08. Service_Provider_Perspectives_of_Minority_Stress_Rehman_Jaspal_Fish.pdf (brighton.ac.uk).

52 Clare in Rehman, Jaspal and Fish (in press) ‘Service Provider Perspectives of Minority Stress among Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual People in the UK’. Pg 08. Service_Provider_Perspectives_of_Minority_Stress_Rehman_Jaspal_Fish.pdf (brighton.ac.uk).

53 Jaspreet Singh Tehara (2020) ‘British South Asian and bisexual an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of the male perspective.’ Pg 30. British_South_Asian_and_Bisexual.pdf (roehampton.ac.uk).

and Dhillon and Ubhi in Jaspreet Singh Tehara (2020) ‘British South Asian and bisexual an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of the male perspective.’ British_South_Asian_and_Bisexual.pdf (roehampton.ac.uk).

54 Bryant-Waugh and Lask, 1991; Farver, Narang and Bhada, 2002; Singh and Clarke, 2006 all in Jaspreet Singh Tehara (2020) ‘British South Asian and bisexual an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of the male perspective.’ British_South_Asian_and_Bisexual.pdf (roehampton.ac.uk).

55 Fry, Munro and Smith et al (2020) ‘Intersectionality and South Asian Non-Normative Sexualities: The case of South Asian lesbians and bisexual women in the United Kingdom’. Pg 12.

56 Honor Abuse Research Matrix (Harm) (2018) ‘Honour’ abuse: the experience of South Asians who identify as LGBT in North West England. 20996 LGBT Honour Report - Final (2018).pdf (uclan.ac.uk).

57 Honor Abuse Research Matrix (Harm) (2018) ‘Honour’ abuse: the experience of South Asians who identify as LGBT in North West England. 20996 LGBT Honour Report - Final (2018).pdf (uclan.ac.uk).

58 Embarrassment or shame.

59 Honor Abuse Research Matrix (Harm) (2018) ‘Honour’ abuse: the experience of South Asians who identify as LGBT in North West England. Pg 5. 20996 LGBT Honour Report - Final (2018).pdf (uclan.ac.uk).

60 Honor Abuse Research Matrix (Harm) (2018) ‘Honour’ abuse: the experience of South Asians who identify as LGBT in North West England. 20996 LGBT Honour Report - Final (2018).pdf (uclan.ac.uk).

61Honor Abuse Research Matrix (Harm) (2018) ‘Honour’ abuse: the experience of South Asians who identify as LGBT in North West England. Pg 05. 20996 LGBT Honour Report - Final (2018).pdf (uclan.ac.uk).

62 Honor Abuse Research Matrix (Harm) (2018) ‘Honour’ abuse: the experience of South Asians who identify as LGBT in North West England. Pgs 04-05. 20996 LGBT Honour Report - Final (2018).pdf (uclan.ac.uk).

63 UN High Commissioner for Refugees, 2008 in Honor Abuse Research Matrix (Harm) (2018) ‘Honour’ abuse: the experience of South Asians who identify as LGBT in North West England. 20996 LGBT Honour Report - Final (2018).pdf (uclan.ac.uk).

64 BBC News night programme on honour based violence cited in Honor Abuse Research Matrix (Harm) (2018) ‘Honour’ abuse: the experience of South Asians who identify as LGBT in North West England. 20996 LGBT Honour Report - Final (2018).pdf (uclan.ac.uk).

65 Honor Abuse Research Matrix (Harm) (2018) ‘Honour’ abuse: the experience of South Asians who identify as LGBT in North West England. Pg 03. 20996 LGBT Honour Report - Final (2018).pdf (uclan.ac.uk).

66 Honor Abuse Research Matrix (Harm) (2018) ‘Honour’ abuse: the experience of South Asians who identify as LGBT in North West England. Pg 13. 20996 LGBT Honour Report - Final (2018).pdf (uclan.ac.uk).

67 Ogunmuyiwa (2022) ‘Banning Conversion Practices in Ethnic Minority Communities: Project Summary’.

68 Ogunmuyiwa (2022) ‘Banning Conversion Practices in Ethnic Minority Communities: Project Summary’.

69 Heather Harvey (2014) ‘Forced marriage: At the intersection of risk, identity and policy’. The Runnymede Trust | Forced marriage: At the intersection of risk, identity and policy.

70 Ogunmuyiwa (2022) ‘Banning Conversion Practices in Ethnic Minority Communities: Project Summary’.

71 Choudhury, P. P., Badhan, N. S., Chand, J., Chhugani, S., Choksey, R. Husainy, S., Lui, C., & Wat, E. C. (2009). ‘Community alienation and its impact on help-seeking behaviour among LGBTIQ South Asians in Southern California’. Journal of Gay and Lesbian Social Services, 21(2–3), 247–266. Abstract. Community Alienation and its Impact on Help-seeking Behavior Among LGBTIQ South Asians in Southern California: Journal of Gay & Lesbian Social Services: Vol 21, No 2-3 (tandfonline.com).

72 Honor Abuse Research Matrix (Harm) (2018) ‘Honour’ abuse: the experience of South Asians who identify as LGBT in North West England. Pg 13. 20996 LGBT Honour Report - Final (2018).pdf (uclan.ac.uk).

73 Rehman, Jaspal and Fish (in press) ‘Service Provider Perspectives of Minority Stress among Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual People in the UK’. Pg 02. Service_Provider_Perspectives_of_Minority_Stress_Rehman_Jaspal_Fish.pdf (brighton.ac.uk).

74 Rehman, Jaspal and Fish (in press) ‘Service Provider Perspectives of Minority Stress among Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual People in the UK’. Pg 02. Service_Provider_Perspectives_of_Minority_Stress_Rehman_Jaspal_Fish.pdf (brighton.ac.uk).

75 Rehman, Jaspal and Fish (in press) ‘Service Provider Perspectives of Minority Stress among Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual People in the UK’. Pg 14. Service_Provider_Perspectives_of_Minority_Stress_Rehman_Jaspal_Fish.pdf (brighton.ac.uk).