Long Term Monitoring of Health Inequalities: Headline Indicators – October 2014

Cancer incidence by type

Incidence rates by income-employment index decile are presented below for each of the four most common types of cancer.

Prostate cancer incidence rate (males only) aged under 75 years

Prostate cancer incidence has increased over time, with 95.6 new cases per 100,000 population in 2012 compared to 59.7 per 100,000 in 1997. Higher rates are observed in the least deprived areas, though this may be in part due to higher rates of testing in less deprived areas^[8]. In 2012, the incidence rate was 113.2 per 100,000 in the least deprived areas, compared to 72.6 in the most deprived areas. Relative inequality has remained fairly low throughout the reporting period, with no clear trend.

Prostate cancer incidence trend tables

Scale/context

	Number of new cases	Target population size	Rate per 100,000 (EASR)
1997	1,037	2,326,799	59.7
1998	1,113	2,321,135	63.7
1999	1,168	2,316,272	66.1
2000	1,180	2,309,161	66.5
2001	1,309	2,307,518	72.9
2002	1,509	2,306,786	82.7
2003	1,560	2,307,280	84.7
2004	1,737	2,312,963	92.1
2005	1,632	2,324,634	85.6
2006	1,723	2,334,922	89.4
2007	1,780	2,352,623	90.2
2008	1,906	2,367,934	94.8
2009	2,030	2,380,837	99.0
2010	1,925	2,392,701	91.7
2011	2,094	2,410,321	98.6
2012	2,076	2,413,137	95.6

Inequalities

	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
RII	0.43	0.41	0.41	0.57	0.52	0.45	0.49	0.23	0.32	0.38	0.48	0.40	0.43	0.32	0.39	0.42
Most deprived decile rate	42.9	50.5	60.7	51.4	52.6	73.5	69.7	79.1	84.1	79.9	76.7	80.1	70.5	81.4	88.6	72.6
Least deprived decile rate	77.0	86.5	96.1	88.8	89.3	115.5	109.6	97.4	119.2	117.0	112.8	120.2	126.7	115.2	132.6	113.2
Absolute range	34.1	36.0	35.3	37.3	36.7	42.0	39.9	18.2	35.1	37.1	36.1	40.0	56.3	33.8	43.9	40.6

The RII value has been italicised to indicate years in which higher incidence rates were observed in less deprived areas.

Breast cancer incidence rate (females only) aged under 75 years

Breast cancer incidence has increased throughout the reporting period, with 123.7 new cases per 100,000 population in 1997 compared to 143.6 per 100,000 in 2012. Incidence is more common in the least deprived areas, which ties in with evidence regarding the higher prevalence of certain breast cancer risk factors, such as lower parity, in less deprived populations^[9]. The difference between rates in the most and least deprived areas has consistently been fairly low, but there has been fluctuation in both relative and absolute inequalities over time with no clear pattern.

Breast cancer incidence trend tables

Scale/context

	Number of new cases	Target population size	Rate per 100,000 (EASR)
1997	2,654	2,413,470	123.7
1998	2,748	2,408,840	126.9
1999	2,847	2,405,026	130.4
2000	2,899	2,399,506	132.2
2001	2,736	2,396,143	124.0
2002	2,828	2,395,172	126.9
2003	2,978	2,395,151	132.4
2004	3,073	2,401,270	135.2
2005	3,089	2,410,686	134.7
2006	3,190	2,417,503	138.4
2007	3,191	2,430,829	136.8
2008	3,304	2,443,519	139.7
2009	3,387	2,454,170	141.5
2010	3,496	2,465,357	144.5
2011	3,558	2,477,995	145.9
2012	3,540	2,481,977	143.6

Inequalities

	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
RII	0.01	0.21	0.20	0.14	0.15	0.15	0.22	0.01	0.28	0.04	0.18	0.16	0.27	0.18	0.14	0.20
Most deprived decile rate	126.5	122.6	124.9	128.1	121.7	130.7	108.1	131.6	111.9	121.6	130.5	126.6	124.6	149.6	131.7	129.4
Least deprived decile rate	124.6	146.9	146.5	125.2	136.3	140.1	141.4	138.8	148.0	136.9	164.9	146.3	149.7	168.1	151.1	157.0
Absolute range	1.9	24.4	21.6	2.8	14.6	9.4	33.3	7.2	36.1	15.3	34.4	19.7	25.1	18.5	19.4	27.5

The RII value has been italicised to indicate years in which higher incidence rates were observed in less deprived areas.

Cancer of the trachea, bronchus and lung incidence rate aged under 75 years

Cancer of the trachea, bronchus and lung incidence rates have fallen since 1997, though there are still around 3,000 new cases diagnosed each year. The 2012 rate, 65.6 cases per 100,000 population, is the lowest in the reporting period. Levels of absolute inequality have fluctuated throughout this period with no clear trend, but with higher rates consistently observed in the most deprived areas. In 2012, the incidence rate in the most deprived areas was more than four times higher than in the least deprived areas (134.9 new cases per 100,000 population, compared to 30.6 per 100,000). Relative inequality has increased since 1997. Although it has been broadly stable since 2003, it reached its highest level in the time series in 2012.

Cancer of the trachea, bronchus and lung incidence trend tables

Scale/context

	Number of new cases	Target population size	Rate per 100,000 (EASR)
1997	3,064	4,740,269	78.5
1998	3,090	4,729,975	78.8
1999	2,869	4,721,298	73.0
2000	2,877	4,708,667	72.7
2001	2,797	4,703,661	70.4
2002	2,920	4,701,958	72.9
2003	2,810	4,702,431	69.2
2004	2,890	4,714,233	70.4
2005	2,850	4,735,320	68.7
2006	2,891	4,752,425	69.3
2007	2,938	4,783,452	69.1
2008	2,935	4,811,453	68.0
2009	3,021	4,835,007	69.4
2010	2,949	4,858,058	67.0
2011	2,954	4,888,316	66.3
2012	2,985	4,895,114	65.6

Inequalities

	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
RII	1.29	1.30	1.35	1.28	1.21	1.36	1.59	1.42	1.51	1.53	1.51	1.58	1.52	1.59	1.46	1.62
Most deprived decile rate	142.7	138.5	129.2	129.8	125.0	130.1	136.1	141.4	124.7	143.1	139.7	136.6	136.3	134.1	127.9	134.9
Least deprived decile rate	35.1	33.3	35.2	37.6	36.3	39.6	27.5	32.7	31.4	34.8	31.2	30.7	33.2	32.3	32.7	30.6
Absolute range	107.7	105.2	94.0	92.2	88.7	90.5	108.6	108.7	93.3	108.4	108.4	105.9	103.2	101.8	95.3	104.3

Colorectal cancer incidence rate aged under 75 years

Incidence of colorectal cancer, at around 50 new cases per 100,000 population since 1997, has been stable over time. However, despite consistently low levels of both relative and absolute inequality, there has been variation in which areas are seeing the highest rates. Between 2009 and 2012, higher incidence was observed in the most deprived areas (for example, in 2012 there were 58.9 new cases per 100,000 population in the most deprived areas, compared to 47.0 per 100,000 in the least deprived). In some years (e.g. 2005) slightly higher incidence has been observed in the least deprived areas, while in others (e.g. 2000) the difference between rates in the most and least deprived areas has been negligible.

Colorectal cancer incidence trend tables

Scale/context

	Number of new cases	Target population size	Rate per 100,000 (EASR)
1997	1,969	4,740,269	50.0
1998	2,026	4,729,975	51.3
1999	1,995	4,721,298	50.4
2000	2,127	4,708,667	53.4
2001	2,125	4,703,661	52.9
2002	2,027	4,701,958	50.0
2003	2,003	4,702,431	48.9
2004	2,006	4,714,233	48.5
2005	1,994	4,735,320	47.6
2006	2,043	4,752,425	48.4
2007	2,096	4,783,452	48.8
2008	2,333	4,811,453	53.7
2009	2,350	4,835,007	53.3
2010	2,401	4,858,058	53.9
2011	2,450	4,888,316	54.2
2012	2,321	4,895,114	50.4

Inequalities

	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
RII	0.13	0.01	0.03	0.13	0.14	0.04	0.02	0.18	0.07	0.12	0.27	0.02	0.15	0.09	0.34	0.16
Most deprived decile rate	51.8	46.4	48.1	50.8	56.4	53.4	43.8	54.5	44.3	52.1	56.7	53.2	56.9	53.2	63.8	58.9
Least deprived decile rate	42.4	43.7	46.9	51.7	59.7	51.1	51.2	47.7	52.6	47.0	41.0	55.2	48.9	49.4	43.6	47.0
Absolute range	9.3	2.7	1.1	0.9	3.4	2.3	7.4	6.8	8.3	5.1	15.7	2.0	7.9	3.8	20.2	11.9

The RII value has been italicised to indicate years in which higher incidence rates were observed in less deprived areas.