Publication - Impact assessment

Marine litter issues, impacts and actions

Published: 18 September 2012
Directorate: Marine Directorate
Topic: Environment and climate change, Marine and fisheries
ISBN: 9781782560821

A study that will contribute to developing a marine litter strategy for Scotland’s seas in light of the Marine (Scotland) Act 2010.

Supporting documents

13 Appendix 1

13.1 Stakeholder Workshop-Raw Data

	*Current situation: Identification and review of reduction at source* initiatives and approaches ( KM)**
Awareness raising campaigns and behaviour change tools	Scottish Water Awareness campaign Bag it and Bin it (households) Fat disposal Information on SW website
	Compliance with campaigns is not mandatory Could be more widely advertised
	Awareness campaigns have been running for years
	Labelling could be improved to help raise awareness ( future)
	GRAB trust Awareness raising (schools and beach cleaning) Funding from SNH, landfill tax and the Crown Estate
	There are other examples Not coordinated at the Local Authority level
	MCS also do this type of work It depends on volunteer uptake
	Limited, part time engagement (difficult to keep momentum up beyond an initiative)
	General litter campaigns (not targeted at marine/coastal)
	Encourage re-use of bags Biodegradable bags don't biodegrade in cold marine environment Has been a recent reduction in use of plastic bags (1 billion fewer/year)
	Some Local Authorities have banned balloon races (a form of littering)
	Bag it and Bin it campaign: need to keep it in the public eye otherwise littering behaviour returns to pre-campaign levels
Chain of responsibility	Manufacture (polluter pays?) - consumers (do pay) System awareness
	What is the source of litter? Often higher up the chain
	Scottish Government states that the responsibility for marine litter lies with the producer
Harbour litter facilities (including KIMO) and shipping legislation	Peterhead, KIMO: fishing for litter Only 12-16 larger ports involved around Scotland
	Aberdeen harbour dropped its KIMO skip However port waste plan does provide removal of shipping waste with a mandatory charge (which goes mainly to landfill) Fishing boats can also use port waste facilities but no payment required Port waste plans part of wider international agreements
	Aberdeen Harbour has a new boat to collect port litter This will include litter brought from upstream and in by the tide It may be possible to monitor the volume collected
	No garbage bags ??
	Harbour costs/fees
	MARPOL regulation relating to offloading waste at every port: needs further implementation and more policing Issue with boats transporting litter Economic viability of waste collection Reporting required but not always provided
	Harbour cleaning boats: also used on the upper Clyde and by Forth Ports (?) Why? It's regulation and self interest that drives this There's lots of supermarket sourced litter: responsibility lies with them? Health and safety is another driver
Engagement with marine industries and fisheries	Issues of engagement with marine industries Different for fisheries?
	"Seafish" provides local training focus for "responsible fishing"
	FUTURE Leasing fishing nets (not tried yet)
Regulation - Good Ecological Status to 3km	Scottish Water: the industry is increasingly regulated Investment is made as early as possible to achieve Good Ecological Status ( GES) out to 3 nautical miles by 2015 Screening at shellfish and bathing water sites for GEC (pollution affects this)
Combined Sewerage Overflows	Pumping stations and combined sewerage overflows ( CSO)
Combined Sewerage Overflows	Address the screening of CSOs including ideal mesh size and working to reduce the inputs to them
Environmental standards (e.g. ISO for Fishfarms)	Environmental standards for fishfarms? Increasing ISO standards and these are covered in advance by ESAs ( SEA? EIA?). Could this approach be applied elsewhere or in other sectors?
Mechanical tools for litter removal/recovery	*Future* : recycled plastic booms currently being tested for litter recovery in Southern France Possibility of expanding its use across Europe
Mechanical tools for litter removal/recovery	River grills (on outside bends of rivers to trap litter)
International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships ( MARPOL) and introduction of ship waste management systems	MARPOL Example from U.S. cruise ship fined $300k, dumping at sea reported by passenger New ships are fitted with waste management systems including the sorting of recyclables Older boats are not required to retrofit these systems (difficult)
Encouraging re-use (e.g. deposit/return)	Re-use items Encourage through reverse spending (e.g. deposit/return). Can work out to be too costly to implement? E.g. BARRS one of few companies left who still do this (and fund beach cleanups?) Expand and normalise such an approach
Encouraging re-use (e.g. deposit/return)	PB charging
Enforcement and incentives	Enforcement Fixed penalties for fly-tipping etc. Is the legislation good enough? Can it be policed effectively?
Enforcement and incentives	Benefits of wider policing
Alternatives to plastics / product development and reduced packaging	Cotton buds: move to wood/cardboard sticks (with *Coastal Partnerships?* )
	Use of popcorn as a packaging material! Fungal packaging being developed!
	Plastic vs paper bags (pros and cons)
Summary points:	What is 'reduction at source?' To be clarified in the Marine Strategy Some industry led initiatives have worked (e.g. reduction in plastic bag usage) - further reduction in packaging is possible Need to increase the re-use of bottles, fishing gear etc. Current initiatives are ad-hoc, coordinate and learn from each other.
	*Current situation: identification and review of existing governance* approaches ( TP)**
?	Effectiveness of voluntary schemes?
	No coordinating role for marine litter issues Potential for Marine Scotland
?	Individuals/maritime/industry Uncoordinated Reforms Scale?
?	Individuals / organisations Balance of enforcement versus and awareness
?	Governance is good but behavioural change is needed
Awareness raising campaigns and behaviour change tools	Social awareness is gathering momentum, it's a social process
	Linking to the Zero Waste Plan
	Behavioural
	Social/cultural psychology of littering: where does the UK / Scotland sit?
	Social acceptability of littering
	Recent issue on the radar, people now realise that it is a problem
	Fly-tipping is convenient
Chain of responsibility	Packaging partnerships with retail to help reduce the problem
	Is there a cross-link to marine industry / marine litter sources?
	Less litter, less littering
	Non attributable litter raises problems for enforcement ( *? 20% from MCS* )
	Role of business to encourage customers
	What is the extent of business to consumers (?)
	Easy to get around the system e.g. landfill Who will pay for that?
	Landfill is becoming more expensive and less accessible
	Should we be reducing the overall scale of litter rather than shifting litter?
	Mass littering through retail activities (e.g. balloon release kits) yet illegal to dump litter
Harbour litter facilities (including KIMO) and shipping legislation	Harbour Boards / LGAs have bins out but not being used More innovative infrastructure required
Engagement with marine industries and fisheries	"Fish for Litter", provide incentives?
Regulation - Good Ecological Status to 3km	Framework for industrial polluters? SEPA? Nanoparticles
Regulation - Good Ecological Status to 3km	SEPA role in licencing
Enforcement and incentives	Strengthen the enforcement regime?
	How do you regulate everything from individuals to industries at sea? Very difficult to enforce and prosecute
	What is the current enforcement regime? Local authorities, limits from local officers Maritime industries 'rubbish log' Not enforced Ports Directive Highly difficult to police
	It is hard to enforce even in harbour let alone at sea
	Incentive to drop overboard is high Every boat should be charged a fee across the board
	Combine carrot and stick approach
	Lack of enforcement, who has the power?
	Difficult to enforce rules on land let alone at sea
	Despite clear evidence it's hard to regulate or prosecute
	Enforcement problems at local authority level
	Very high requirement for evidence to prosecute Local Government Act 2003 Environment Protection Act
Alternatives to plastics / product development and reduced packaging	Statutory targets for recycled content?
Scale, including coordination between local and national scales	Local Authorities Edinburgh got tough on enforcing litter (?) By-laws on Aberdeen beach £40-50 but not enforced
	Depends on the geography
	Micro-management to macro-management scale
Litter facilities e.g. type and availability of bins	What is the effectiveness of recycling activities? Focus on recycling charges and waste charges Perceived lack of action and of awareness
Policy coordination, governance and implementation	Review of legislative options in Scotland
	Scatter-gun approach
	Lots of good examples but no coordination limits effectiveness
	Climate change act Waste provisions? How to implement?
	Is there any governance?
	Is it high up the political agenda? It is up the media agenda High up the Scottish ( political?) agenda particularly through marine strategy framework
Private and NGO initiatives and lobbying	Big companies are driving this issue Partly being driven by NGOs
	There's still an interest in environmental performance by private companies e.g. "Love where you Live" launched in England and Wales in March (2010 or 2011?) with £200k funding
	W.R.A.P. is working to reduce waste and packaging
	Key retailers are signed up to targets to reduce packaging and increase recycling
	*Current Situation: Identification and review of existing removal, cleaning* and monitoring operations - EH**
Awareness raising campaigns and behaviour change tools	Wealth of activity by recreation groups Underwater surveys RYA Green Blue Sailing clubs Responsible fishing scheme by SeaFish for commercial fisheries Though current funding issues for SeaFish may decrease success
	Green Blue Very active currently with education
	Eco Schools has a compulsory unit on litter Could this be expanded to include marine litter and its impacts Using emotive images (eg those form John's ppt) Needs to link wit curriculum Local Coastal Partnership Litter DVD for marine litter as part of 5-14 yrs curriculum link to possible funding from the climate challenge fund
Chain of responsibility	Crown Estate Lack of responsibility Monitoring as the landowner?
Chain of responsibility	Water companies are not the source of litter-it is the consumers/users, there is only so much we can do with products not designed for the system i.e. sanitary Can charges for networks with more issues be increased? Dilapidated systems in some parts of Scotland But the same could be said for local authorities, harbours etc Everyone needs to take responsibility
Harbour litter facilities (including KIMO) and shipping legislation	KIMO Fishing for Litter Only in fished areas Not seen as monitoring-trying to bring about a culture change Voluntary Litter not sorted as this would decrease participation
Engagement with marine industries and fisheries	Training is needed for young fishers before they go to sea
Combined Sewerage Overflows	Surfers against sewage Return to sender Work against sewage overflows
Costs and funding issues	Local authority budget cuts Can community services be used for clean ups? Responsibility under the Environmental Protection Act to clean beaches Huge budget implications Lack of enforcement
Costs and funding issues	Landfill tax Polluter pays (or should do) Fishing for Litter has to pay via KIMO But some exemptions i.e. dredging for navigation A devolvement of land fill tax to Scotland may help
Litter facilities e.g. type and availability of bins	Not just off beaches Issues with full bins Too few/lack of bins in busy areas
Litter facilities e.g. type and availability of bins	Seaside awards and Blue flags give LA responsibility to write beach litter plans, including the provision of facilities and monitored by KSB
Policy coordination, governance and implementation	What is the role of Scottish Government in this?
Policy coordination, governance and implementation	Strategy needs to consider monitoring requirements funding and how to coordinate/use that information needs to take GES into account
Data availability, quality and use	Is there any access to all of the work/data by universities? How can we access and capture this information?
	MSS ' Scotia' trawls but data not used
	Incentives for other fisher data?
Monitoring litter	Beachwatch very good but beach selection issues; rural v's urban great for data collection but some people just want to collect rubbish not fill in the forms easy and logical to participate * 4/yr
	OSPAR photo guidelines for different litter types EU wide approach will allow for standardised data collection
	Da Vor Redd Up 40% population participate Just clean, little in the way of data collection Clean up kits provided
	National Spring Clean Data on the number of bags only Wriggley's provided funding for permanent kits for individual groups
	Community beach cleans More commercial sponsoring is needed for gloves, bags, publicity Lack of information re numbers of cleans, locations, litter collected-very ad hoc Clean but no data
	Local coastal partnership cleans for team building Unsure if data are collected
	Island tourist beaches cleaned; community organised
	Local authorities clean amenity beaches Amenity beaches well cleaned Aberdeen City clean c. 60 tons/yr
	SEPA monitoring data Not currently shared but perhaps more suitable than KIMO's SEPA trawls for litter during routine survey work, will be reported to national database
	Da Vor Redd Up Beach and roadside clean High % participation Community groups get funding depending on how much litter they collect Benefit from clean area as well as funding Funding coming to an end due to Disclosure Scotland issues This will be the first yr with no funding, interesting to see how it effects uptake
	National Spring Clean now over a 2 month period (previously 1) General feeling by public that it is LA responsibility
	Monitoring not adequate Gov will need to set up a programme for GES and MSFD compliance And feed in to voluntary OSPAR work
	Community cleans in Argyll and Bute using landfill tax funding Not aware of Disclosure issues Volunteers get checked for free
	Ad hoc cleans but no data recorded due to time/money issues Encourage monitoring from community cleans Will help/could be used to help with source reduction
	Beachwatch 18 years of data from monitoring Contribution to OSPAR guidelines and monitoring Only organisation to do this but how can it be expanded? Guidelines and project used by other groups ie LCPs and data for MLIIA Need more funding and more promotion Regional figures exist but only produce documents with Scotland level data Some bias towards more accessible beaches-more public litter, more likely to be cleaned Lack of data fed back to MCS from LA's Data issues if methodology is different Misleading terminology as a crisp packet is not necessarily from a beach user Wording now changed to 'public'
	What is the value of our monitoring? MCS data includes source, amounts, types, changes, and how to reduce it Data is used by SG and industry to reduce litter Strategy development shows this is being used Need regional information to effectively tackle/reduce at source as well as Scottish level; but issues with staff, time and funding MCS-this could be provided to LA's for their areas Do we expand monitoring beyond a snapshot or use what we have? We need more monitoring within existing processes but also need to best use what we have Need to consider more rural, inaccessible areas in Scotland Need to consider litter sinks-where are they and how to reduce inputs to them Issues of skewing resources to bathing waters and more urban sites Issue made more complex as we have relatively low litter levels everywhere and not confined in a few places
Sharing good practice	How do/should we ( LA's, agencies, HEI's, user organisations, industry) exchange information on best practice? All comes down to funding
Sharing good practice	St Andrews West Sand Partnership Ecosystem approach Litter removal by hand to promote strandline biodiversity Local issues with erosion-mechanical cleaning will likely increase this Mechanical cleaning only during the Open and the Sandcastle competition Partnership includes MOD and local people, agencies EU demonstration site under LIFE funding befits with WFD geomorphological goals Meets all problems with on management scheme
Top points:	Enforcement is inadequate/difficult Geography and regional differences More encouragement of community groups, currently ad hoc and not joined up Litter is an accepted part of society
	How to reduce future inputs of marine litter by source: coastal sources ( KM)
Awareness raising campaigns and behaviour change tools	Public change Fines? Change views?
	Accreditation schemes Zero Waste Scotland to address this: Courthauld
	Improved use of information to contribute to campaigns
	Better coordination of Bag it and Bin it Link to other initiatives and sectors
	Education within communities including: Ecoschools - schools can choose to participate (public funded initiative)
	Education of specific beach user types and at specific beaches
	SEPA signs on designated beaches increased policing
	Beach manager Provided by every coastal LA, however Fife possibly only one with on the ground presence. Can this be improved? Lifeguards are used for this purpose elsewhere (busier beaches)
	Communicate evidence to the public e.g. cigarette butt poster at St Abbs Head
	Use shocking images such as injuries caused to animals by plastic can connectors Improve packaging
	Increase awareness of marine litter issues in broader litter campaigns
	Education regarding litter relating to land, sea, coastal environments Tie in education, government adverts, litter awareness This is seasonal so build up awareness before the beach season, build up awareness when it's needed MCS beachwatch statistics in April: can these be used at the local level?
	Collect litter and leave in an educational pile indicating 'this is what people left here only yesterday'
	Use role models e.g. Keep Britain Tidy
	Internet campaigns?
Chain of responsibility	Polluter pays? Consumer? Market? Producer?
	Producer responsible for certain product types (e.g. cotton buds)?
	Need retailers to stock 'good' products
	Social responsibility ID by barcodes But who buys is not always who pollutes? How might customer profiles be used? Use to target user responsibility?
	Businesses on beaches and products used on beaches Work with associated businesses
	Engage business interest If litter is bought there then provide facilities for disposal
Combined Sewerage Overflows	CSO (combined sewage overflow) spills occur more frequently than storm events Capacity of the CSO system is not big enough
Combined Sewerage Overflows	CSOs: raise awareness of the fact that "you'll see me again" Who would fund this, e.g. the Zero Waste Scotland budget?
Engagement with marine industries and fisheries	Accreditation for fish farms etc. Funding for cleanups (already progress on this)
Mechanical tools for litter removal/recovery	Physical removal of litter e.g. river grills (need to be WFD compliant)
Encouraging re-use (e.g. deposit/return)	Improve communication about how to return things for re-use e.g. fish boxes to port/company addresses
Enforcement and incentives	Cameras on boats To much data and who would monitor it?
	Fly-tipping Report quickly via local community Councils liaise with the police Increase the likelihood/threat of being caught and get cases to court Increase the priority of such cases in court (awareness raising here)
	Use community service orders Quick process from crime to clean-up Could issue these on beaches? (too few staff)
	There's an increased need for policing overall
	Enforcement possible on high use beaches Use targeted fixed penalties Use peer pressure: locals are the enforcers
Costs and funding issues	At the moment the public pays Do we know the costs to local government? (reference to KIMO) And what are the environmental costs (e.g. microplastics)
Costs and funding issues	Establish the costs and benefits of litter reduction approaches Might release LA funds for other services Use cost savings and service improvements to appeal to the public
Scale, including coordination between local and national scales	Different local authority levels of engagement
	Management needs to be location specific
	Local variation is important (rural beaches, busier beaches etc)
Litter facilities e.g. type and availability of bins	Employ appropriate bins on beaches (e.g. lids to prevent seagulls) Separate waste at these bins (common elsewhere e.g. Australia) and use clear simple signage. ( not effective?)
	OR, no litter, take home only
	Rural beaches: use 'litter port' Not for own litter but that picked up, for local involvement e.g. voluntary response at Forvie NNR in partnership with Local Authorities May also have been used on sections of the Fife Coastal path
	Recycling facilities on beaches Keep it simple e.g. for what's used most on beaches (especially bathing water beaches)
	Provision of good facilities E.g. large lidded bins (seagulls) because people try to bin litter but facilities poor
	Or remove bins e.g. this has resulted in a reduction in beach litter on Aberdeenshire beaches Backed up by research by Forestry Commission and National Trust
Dog mess and dog owners	Dog owners By-laws relating to removal of mess There's a 'Green dog-walkers scheme' in Fife
	*How to reduce future inputs of marine litter by source: Maritime industries* ( TP)**
?	Role of IMO, Lloyds (in London)
?	Limits to voluntary approaches when referring to point sources Role of management / regulations on pollutants ( SEPA?)
?	Oil and gas industry / MARPOL are a UK and EU responsibility Scotland can educate and train where it does not have regulatory responsibility
	Resourcing is a problem Example of Green Blue to be run by a public agency Versus using a regulatory agency which may be seen as imposed Underscores role of social change
?	Innovative options for users - an opportunity?
Awareness raising campaigns and behaviour change tools	Education Notices Basic training format in a format that they can digest e.g. financial aspects SOLAS regulations, inclusion for training for seafarers Exploring regulations and policy context for mariners
	Royal Yachting Association: leisure boating Green Blue education and awareness programme
	Training is critical
	Mechanisms to drive improved behaviours (e.g. ILL)
Chain of responsibility	Waste: health and safety e.g. lack of compliance with container design, management, wastes
	Plastics industry sees representational interest: they do not 'own' the waste but it affects the industry's reputation
	Merchant shipping to small recreational boats, all are problematic
Harbour litter facilities (including KIMO) and shipping legislation	Ports and harbours Quality of waste receptacles and infrastructure Training and education EU port based recycling Directive ( ? ) Charges and waste management systems Communications between ports Vessels need to report on levels of waste (to MCA)
	Ports: current reporting only applies to boats over 500t ( ? ) Discussion to lower this limit
	Lack of infrastructure to handle waste (particularly in the south)
	Expand 'Fishing for Litter', feeling that enough is covered in Scotland ( ? )
	Crews and harbour staff won't resort litter: is there an opportunity here? Otherwise it's not sorted or recycled
	Scotland is behind in terms of infrastructure for marinas and ports (e.g. recycling, pump-outs, oil etc) Part of the mooring fee, regardless of use i.e. an incentive to use it Facilities to match options and messages
Engagement with marine industries and fisheries	Plastic pellets: Cornish example of high incidence of pellet pollution from shipping freight containers lost overboard "Operation Cleansweep" Voluntary Code of Practice Enforcement?
	Responsible Fishing Scheme (SeaFish) should cover interplay between environment and the consumer
	Introduce producer responsibility for nets in the fishing industry Introduce waste/return schemes for when purchasing gear (e.g. nets) leading to civil / community responsibility
	"over the side is out!"
	Fishing nets Huge amounts and varying in size What guidance is there over their use? Producer / user relationship
Enforcement and incentives	Environmental Protection Act? Scottish Law requires a high burden of proof
	Surveillance and enforcement is still important
	Mooring rights (at risk from prosecution ? )
	Port and harbour controls
Scale, including coordination between local and national scales	Regional partnerships / ICZM to tackle litter management
Policy coordination, governance and implementation	SOLAS / IMO / UK / Merchant Shipping Act and Marine Conservation Act
	Recent review Annex 5 of MARPOL
	What is the legislation for smaller boats?
	Extension of MARPOL to fishing vessels
	Marine Act feeding into secondary legislation including OSPAR
	Marine Act leading to MSFD Des D ( ?? )
	No clear relationship between the Marine Act and litter
Geographical distribution of marine litter	Maritime litter dependent on geography and source Hard to pin down source Proportion is increased where there is increased maritime activity
	Role of currents versus region (L.A. etc)
	UNEP reports identify regional differences
Data availability, quality and use	MCS is a source of regional data
Issues beyond Scotland's direct influence	Lost shipping containers is an EU / UK issue
	What are other countries doing in marine litter management?
	Use and look at other cultural examples
Key points from Tavis' groups:	Organisation's responsibility Business to encourage customers behaviour Behaviour change required Education in schools Psychology Waste as a resource
	How to reduce future inputs of marine litter by source: Land based sources ( EH)
?	SRD most offensive items
?	Landfill is/will reduce as waste disposal option over time
?	Agricultural plastics-silage wrap, polytunnels, ground cover Recycling schemes are needed for this, currently burnt in many areas
?	Landfill design and siteing Netting areas Planning for landfills in the coastal zone Include in schools to raise awareness of the issue
?	As landfill and packaging costs increase..,… Value of recycling will increase Discount on council tax or other incentive of you recycle Use of a 'stick' may increase dumping Need more education and recognition that impacts of marine litter are from the whole of Scotland
?	Mining land fill for high value products
Awareness raising campaigns and behaviour change tools	Make waste a resource Recycle, reduce, re use Give waste a value i.e. money for returned plastic bottles need to change attitudes and perception
	Need ongoing awareness raising of impacts on marine animals Emotive Currently people see little link from their balloon release to marine litter
	Lack of awareness Need wider litter awareness Holistic approach Everyone can make an easy, small (but significant) change-'do a little, change a lot'
	Education i.e. Bag it and Bin it to increase awareness Can be very short term, during the campaign only Get it in schools
	Use of Mum's net and similar to increase awareness
	Approx 47% of people admit to dropping litter regularly
	More advertising and use of shocking images i.e. KIMO ppt Cinema Impacts on wildlife Litter and the local area overlay images
	'Bag for Life' level of investment and impact needed for each issue/source
	Use of virals and social networking sites Cheap High number of users
	Lack of current awareness/understanding As shown in the BBC blogs on related articles
	Zero Waste Placing value/cost on single use products Voluntary Incentives; Tesco points for products returned Germany-deposit on bottles via reverse vending machines Encourages others to return them as the value is not limited to the user
	Plastic bag free towns/villages Join up and expand current initiative
	Make accommodation providers be more proactive in raising awareness
	Use of Facebook to name and shame
Chain of responsibility	Waste oil barrels Containers should be stamped/marked to enable the source to be identified May be able to trace currently but who does that and how is it enforced?
	Engage business to take responsibility Focus on outlets More engagement needed i.e. love where you live-Macdonalds, Wriggleys and Pepsi buy in
	Who is responsible? UK Gov, SG, Scottish Water, packaging and manufacturers Scope, but funding needs to be available
	Packaging Onus on companies to take back packaging Some charges, others do not Responsible disposal Design out excessive packaging especially in toys etc from China and similar countries Packaging by weight has decreased but now more smaller parts Adds to premium products i.e. whisky (bottle, paper, card tube)
Engagement with marine industries and fisheries	Fish boxes from processors blown away and break up
Engagement with marine industries and fisheries	Fishing nets mended on quayside, hundreds of fragments left Education for fishers/ports Clean up before it enters the water Provision/facility in place to prevent
Alternatives to plastics / product development and reduced packaging	Product development Degradable
	Reduce packaging Alternatives to polystyrene-what can you do with it once used? E.g. use of fungus in USA for packaging Key people involved i.e. retailers Get it back for recycling not just landfill Electronics retailers i.e. Dixons take away packaging But a charge for this in some cases
	Minimise single use items Put a value on them
Costs and funding issues	Make people aware of the true costs
Litter facilities e.g. type and availability of bins	Plastic bottles/packaging Clarification on what can and cannot be recycled (kerbside) Not standard across Scotland Recycling centres sometimes full
Litter facilities e.g. type and availability of bins	More bins does not necessarily decrease litter Behavioural patterns In Argyll and Bute bins ask you to pick up litter as you walk and put in the next bin
Policy coordination, governance and implementation	Ban single use carrier bags
	Develop the Strategy at both industry and operational level
	Agricultural sources i.e. silage wrap Tackle via SRDP and cross compliance?
	Marine planning may provide an opportunity to coordinate but there is no direct link to marine litter May come at regional level
	Ban sanitary products Including disposable nappies, move to real nappies Find alternatives Costs ££££ for Scottish Water
	Balloons Banned in Canada Can we ban across Scotland Fine companies who sell 'release kits' Balloons are not degradable Paper lantern alternatives have wire and tea lights Use of trading standards Guidelines needed form plastics industry-what is biodegradable, marine env, photochemical Confusing, often misleading for public i.e. biodegradable in 400 yrs in North Sea Role of SG/ UK Gov; what can be used in what situation re biodegradable Labelling issues If they were recognised as a source of litter it would help with enforcement MCS to/will ask for a voluntary ban on releases at LA level To include fireworks and paper lanterns Need to target manufacturing here
	Plastic bag levy
	Litter now part of the Access code-responsible access
	One size fits all may not be a solution
Monitoring litter	Monitoring needed at the regional level to identify sources
Recycling	Recycling/reprocessing Some not available in Scotland Requires investment Facilities are expensive and have a long pay back time
Top points	Balloon releases A lack of advertising and awareness Packaging Reduce or find alternatives for Give waste a value

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13 Appendix 1

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