Methods for tracking fine scale underwater movements of marine mammals around marine tidal devices
This report reviews possible technological methods for tracking fine scale underwater movements of marine mammals around marine tidal devices.
6 Tables
| technology |
identify to species? |
Identify to individual? |
Precision (95%) |
plausible sample size |
data latency (min) | range (m) | Taxa suitability (seals, toothed & baleen whales) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| seals |
odontocete |
baleen |
space |
time (sec) |
Indiv |
duration |
|||||
| GPS/ GSM telemetry & dead reckoning |
yes |
NA |
NA |
yes |
10-500 m |
10 |
30% of tagged |
6 months |
<=2 days / 4 hours / 4 min with direct UHF link |
global |
seals |
| Passive Acoustic Monitoring ( PAM) |
no |
yes |
NA |
no |
5 m |
continuous |
species density |
indefinite |
logged / 0 |
200 |
toothed |
| PAM & active tags |
yes |
NA |
NA |
yes |
5 m |
5 |
30% of tagged |
indefinite |
logged / 0 |
200 |
seals |
| Active Sonar |
yes |
yes |
yes |
no |
angle resolution: 0.5° range resolution: 0.8 cm horizontal and vertical swathe widths: 120° & 20° respectively |
7 - 30Hz |
species density |
indefinite |
0 |
50 |
seals |
Table 1. A summary of the attributes of each technology to detect and track seals in the vicinity of a turbine. The attributes are explained in the Candidate Technologies sub-section. NA=Not Applicable. The applicability to different taxa of marine mammals is shown in the 'Taxa suitability (seals, toothed &baleen whales'. The values are largely illustrative and the actual values depend upon the location of the study, technology configuration and the local density of marine mammals.
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