National Care Service - adult social care: equality evidence review

Footnotes

1 This is based on social care information provided by health and social care partnerships in Scotland for people that are fully or partially funded by the Local Authority, therefore it does not include people who are entirely self-funding their care and support.

2 Public Health Scotland (2022) Insights in Social Care: Statistics for Scotland

3 Public Health Scotland (2022) People supported - Insights in social care: statistics for Scotland - Support provided or funded by health and social care partnerships in Scotland 2019/20 - 2020/21

4 ‘Respite’ is used here as this is the term used in the source data.

5 Public Health Scotland (2022) Insights in Social Care: Statistics for Scotland

6 Scottish Government (2021) Scottish Health Survey – telephone survey – August/September 2020: main report

7 Carers Week (2020) Carers Week 2020 Research Report

8 Scottish Social Services Council (2021) Scottish Social Service Sector: Report on 2020 Workforce Data

9 UK Government (2010) Equality Act 2010

10 Under the Act, marriage and civil partnership is a protected characteristic only in respect of protection from discrimination at work

11 See: Scottish Government (2021) Fairer Scotland Duty: guidance for public bodies

12 UK Government (2010) Equality Act 2010

13 Scottish Government (2021) Scottish Health Survey – telephone survey – August/September 2020: main report

14 The Academy of Medical Sciences (2018) Multimorbidity: A Priority for Global Health Research

15 Whitty C et al (2020) Rising to the challenge of multimorbidity BMJ 2020;368:l6964

16 Henderson, D.A.G.; Atherton, I.; McCowan, C.; Mercer, S.W. & Bailey, N. (2021). Linkage of national health and social care data: a cross-sectional study of multimorbidity and social care use in people aged over 65 years in Scotland. Age & Ageing, 50: 176-182.

17 ‘Elderly and frail’ is used here as this is the term used in the source data.

18 Public Health Scotland (2022) People supported - Insights in social care: statistics for Scotland - Support provided or funded by health and social care partnerships in Scotland 2019/20 - 2020/21

19 Idriss O, Allen L, Alderwick H. (2020) Social care for adults aged 18–64. Health Foundation; 2020

20 ‘Respite’ is used here as this is the term used in the source data.

21 Public Health Scotland (2022) Self-directed Support - Insights in social care: statistics for Scotland - Support provided or funded by health and social care partnerships in Scotland 2019/20 - 2020/21

22 Public Health Scotland (2022) Home care - Insights in social care: statistics for Scotland - Support provided or funded by health and social care partnerships in Scotland 2019/20 - 2020/21

23 Public Health Scotland (2022) Technology enabled care - Insights in social care: statistics for Scotland - Support provided or funded by health and social care partnerships in Scotland 2019/20 - 2020/21

24 Public Health Scotland (2020) Insights in Social Care: Statistics for Scotland - Support provided or funded by health and social care

25 Public Health Scotland (2022) Care home - Insights in social care: statistics for Scotland - Support provided or funded by health and social care partnerships in Scotland 2019/20 - 2020/21

26 Self-directed Support aims to ensure that care and support is delivered in a way that supports choice and control over one's own life and which respects the person's right to participate in society. The Social Care (Self-directed Support) (Scotland) Act 2013 came into effect in April 2014. See: Scottish Government (2014) Social Care (Self-directed Support) (Scotland) Act 2013: statutory guidance

27 Public Health Scotland (2022) Self-directed Support - Insights in social care: statistics for Scotland - Support provided or funded by health and social care partnerships in Scotland 2019/20 - 2020/21

28 ALLIANCE and Self Directed Support Scotland (2020) My Support My Choice: People’s Experiences of Self-directed Support and Social Care in Scotland https://www.alliance-scotland.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/ALLIANCE-SDSS-MSMC-National-Report-Oct-2020.pdf

29 ‘Males’ is used here as this is the term used in the source data.

30 Scottish Government (2022) Experiences of Social Care and Caring in Scotland

31 Scottish Government (2021) Scottish Health Survey – telephone survey – August/September 2020: main report

32 Carers Census data may not include all carers who are in contact with carer centres as informal contact with carers would likely not be recorded in their systems. Carers Census data should be treated with caution, as it is taking time for providers to implement systems to accurately collect and record the requested information for the Carers Census following a significant change in practice.

33 Scottish Government (2021) Carers Census, Scotland, 2019-20 and 2020-21

34 Scottish Government (2021) Carers Census, Scotland, 2019-20 and 2020-21

35 Scottish Government (2021) Carers Census, Scotland, 2019-20 and 2020-21

36 Carers Week (2020) Carers Week 2020 Research Report

37 The Carers (Scotland) Act defines young carers as those aged under 18 or who are aged 18 and a pupil at school. However, some data sources refer to ‘young adult carers’ (aged 16–24 years) and ‘young carers’ (aged 4–15 years).

38 Scottish Government (2017) Young Carers: Review of research and data

39 Scottish Government (2017) Young Carers: Review of research and data

40 Scottish Government (2017) Young Carers: Review of research and data

41 Scottish Government (2022) The Adult Social Care Workforce in Scotland

42 Scottish Government (2021) Social care Personal Assistants to receive £500 payment

43 Self Directed Support Scotland (2021) Thousands of Personal Assistants receive thank you payment

44 Scottish Government (2019) Scotland's Wellbeing: national outcomes for disabled people

45 Scottish Government (2021) Scottish Health Survey – telephone survey – August/September 2020: main report

46 Public Health Scotland (2022) People supported - Insights in social care: statistics for Scotland - Support provided or funded by health and social care partnerships in Scotland 2019/20 - 2020/21

47 ‘Day centre’ is used here as this is the term used in the source data.

48 Scottish Commission for People with Learning Disabilities (SCLD) (2019) Learning Disability Statistics Scotland 2019

49 Scottish Commission for People with Learning Disabilities (SCLD) (2020) The Impact of Coronavirus on People with Learning Disabilities and their Parents, Carers and Supporters

50 Care Inspectorate (2020) Delivering care at home and housing support services during the COVID-19 pandemic

51 ALLIANCE and Self Directed Support Scotland (2020) My Support My Choice: People’s Experiences of Self-directed Support and Social Care in Scotland

52 Scottish Government (2015) Scotland's Carers

53 Scottish Government (2017) Young Carers: Review of research and data

54 Carers UK (2019) Getting Carers Connected

55 Carers Trust (2021) COVID-19 in Scotland: The impact on unpaid carers and carer service support workers

56 Care Inspectorate (2020) Delivering care at home and housing support services during the COVID-19 pandemic

57 Whitley, E., Reeve, K., & Benzeval, M. (2021). Tracking the mental health of home-carers during the first COVID-19 national lockdown: Evidence from a nationally representative UK survey. Psychological Medicine, 1-10

58 Scottish Social Services Council (2021) Scottish Social Service Sector: Report on 2020 Workforce Data

59 UK Government (2010) Equality Act 2010

60 ‘Male’ and ‘female’ are used here as these are the terms used in the source data.

61 Public Health Scotland (2022) People supported - Insights in social care: statistics for Scotland - Support provided or funded by health and social care partnerships in Scotland 2019/20 - 2020/21

62 ALLIANCE and Self Directed Support Scotland (2020) My Support My Choice: People’s Experiences of Self-directed Support and Social Care in Scotland

63 Social care needs can be estimated in various ways. For older people, the ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs) – like washing and dressing – is often used to assess levels of need and how these might change over time. But ADLs are not considered to be as good an indicator of social care need for younger adults, because physical disabilities and frailty are less common (see: Idriss O, Allen L, Alderwick H. (2020) Social care for adults aged 18–64. Health Foundation (p.20))

64 Brimblecombe N and Burchardt T (2021) Social care inequalities in England: evidence briefing. Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion, LSE

65 Scottish Government (2015) Scotland's Carers

66 Scottish Government (2021) Scottish Health Survey – telephone survey – August/September 2020: main report

67 Social Security Scotland (2022) Summary statistics for Carer’s Allowance, Disability Living Allowance, Attendance Allowance and Severe Disablement Allowance at November 2021

68 Carers UK (2019) Will I care? The likelihood of being a carer in adult life

69 Iriss (2020) Carers mental and physical health

70 Carers UK (2019) Will I care? The likelihood of being a carer in adult life

71 Scottish Government (2017) Young Carers: Review of research and data

72 Scottish Government (2021) Carers Census, Scotland, 2019-20 and 2020-21

73 Fair Work Convention (2019) Fair Work in Scotland’s Social Care Sector 2019

74 No information on sex was provided for the remaining 3%

75 Scottish Government (2022) The Adult Social Care Workforce in Scotland

76 Fair Work Convention (2019) Fair Work in Scotland’s Social Care Sector 2019

77 Equality and Human Rights Commission (2021) Protected characteristics

78 Public Health Scotland (2022) People supported - Insights in social care: statistics for Scotland - Support provided or funded by health and social care partnerships in Scotland 2019/20 - 2020/21

79 For the purpose of calculating fertility rates, ‘child-bearing age’ is taken as ages 15-44 inclusive. For further information on fertility rate calculations see: NRS Fertility Rates

80 National Records of Scotland (2021) Births Time Series Data (Table BT.10 Fertility rates by Council Area 1991 to 2020 – General Fertility Rate)

81 Scottish Government (2021) Carers Census, Scotland, 2019-20 and 2020-21

82 Scottish Government (2022) The Adult Social Care Workforce in Scotland

83 UK Government (2010) Equality Act 2010

84 Thomson R, Baker J, and Arnot J (2018) Health Care Needs Assessment of Gender Identity Services. Scottish Public Health Network (ScotPHN)

85 Kneale, D., Henley, J., Thomas, J., & French, R. (2021). Inequalities in older LGBT people's health and care needs in the United Kingdom: A systematic scoping review. Ageing and Society, 41(3), 493-51

86 UK Government (2010) Equality Act 2010

87 ‘LGBO’ is used here as this is the term used in the source data.

88 Scottish Government (2017) Sexual orientation in Scotland 2017: summary of evidence base

89 ‘LGBT+’ is used here as this is the term used in the source data and includes participants who self-identified as ‘gay or lesbian’, ‘bisexual’, and ‘other’.

90 ALLIANCE and Self Directed Support Scotland (2020) My Support My Choice: People’s Experiences of Self-directed Support and Social Care in Scotland

91Norah Fry Research Centre (2017) LGBTQI+ Disabled People and self-directed social care support

92 ‘LGBT’ is used here as this is the term used in the source data.

93 Kneale, D., Henley, J., Thomas, J., & French, R. (2021). Inequalities in older LGBT people's health and care needs in the United Kingdom: A systematic scoping review. Ageing and Society, 41(3), 493-51

94 ‘LGBO’ is used here as this is the term used in the source data.

95 Scottish Government (2021) Scottish Surveys Core Questions 2019 (SSCQ 2019 Supplementary Tables - 1.4 Care)

96 Carers Trust (2016) Young people caring OUT there: experiences of LGBT young adult carers in Scotland

97 UK Government (2010) Equality Act 2010

98 National Records of Scotland (2013) Census 2011: Key results on Population, Ethnicity, Identity, Language, Religion, Health, Housing and Accommodation in Scotland – Release 2A

99 Public Health Scotland (2022) People supported - Insights in social care: statistics for Scotland - Support provided or funded by health and social care partnerships in Scotland 2019/20 - 2020/21

100 ‘Black and minority ethnic people’ is used here as this is the term used in the source data.

101 ALLIANCE and Self Directed Support Scotland (2020) My Support My Choice: People’s Experiences of Self-directed Support and Social Care in Scotland

102 Activities of Daily Living (ADLs) include basic activities of daily living, like washing and dressing. Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs) include other activities, like shopping, cleaning and paying bills.

103 Brimblecombe N and Burchardt T (2021) Social care inequalities in England: evidence briefing. Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion, LSE

104 National Records of Scotland (2013) Census 2011: Key results on Population, Ethnicity, Identity, Language, Religion, Health, Housing and Accommodation in Scotland – Release 2A

105 Scottish Government (2015) Scotland's Carers

106 Scottish Government (2017) Young Carers: Review of research and data

107 ‘Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME)’ is used here as this is the term used in the source data.

108 James E (2019) Caring alone Why Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic young carers continue to struggle to access support. Barnardo’s

109 Brimblecombe N and Burchardt T (2021) Social care inequalities in England: evidence briefing. Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion, LSE

110 National Records of Scotland (2013) Census 2011: Key results on Population, Ethnicity, Identity, Language, Religion, Health, Housing and Accommodation in Scotland – Release 2A

111 Scottish Social Services Council (2021) Scottish Social Service Sector: Report on 2020 Workforce Data

112 Scottish Government (2022) The Adult Social Care Workforce in Scotland

113 UK Government (2010) Equality Act 2010

114 National Records of Scotland (2013) Census 2011: Key results on Population, Ethnicity, Identity, Language, Religion, Health, Housing and Accommodation in Scotland – Release 2A

115 Scottish Government (2021) Scottish Surveys Core Questions 2019 (SSCQ 2019 Supplementary Tables - 1.4 Care)

116 National Records of Scotland (2013) Census 2011: Key results on Population, Ethnicity, Identity, Language, Religion, Health, Housing and Accommodation in Scotland – Release 2A

117 Scottish Government (2021) Fairer Scotland Duty: guidance for public bodies

118 Scottish Government (2020) Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation 2020

119 Public Health Scotland (2022) People supported - Insights in social care: statistics for Scotland - Support provided or funded by health and social care partnerships in Scotland 2019/20 - 2020/21

120 Scottish Government (2022) Experiences of Social Care and Caring in Scotland

121 Brimblecombe N and Burchardt T (2021) Social care inequalities in England: evidence briefing. Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion, LSE

122 Scottish Government (2015) Scotland's Carers

123 Scottish Government (2021) Carers Census, Scotland, 2019-20 and 2020-21

124 Scottish Government (2022) The Adult Social Care Workforce in Scotland

125 Fair Work Convention (2019) Fair Work in Scotland’s Social Care Sector 2019

126 The concept of intersectionality has long been used to articulate and analyse the lived reality of those who experience multiple and compounding inequalities. See: Scottish Government (2022) Using intersectionality to understand structural inequality in Scotland: evidence synthesis

127 Scottish Government (2020) Adult Social Care Winter Preparedness Plan 2020-21: Evidence Paper

128 Palattiyil, G., Jamieson, L., McKie, L., Jain, S., Hockley, J., Sidhva, D., Tolson, D., Hafford-Letchfield, T., Quinn, N., Iversholt, R., Musselbrook, K., Mason, B., & Swift, S. (2020). The Cost of Separation: The Impact of Visiting Restrictions on Families of Care Home Residents during COVID-19. Chief Scientist Office

129 Scottish Government (2021) Open with Care: Care Home Managers Feedback on Implementation Survey

130 Care Inspectorate (2020) Delivering care at home and housing support services during the COVID-19 pandemic

131 Scottish Government (2020) The Impacts of Covid-19 on equality in Scotland