International competitiveness: overview

Footnotes

1 World Competitiveness Ranking - IMD business school for management and leadership courses

2 What exactly is economic competitiveness? | World Economic Forum (weforum.org)

3 WEF - The Global Competitiveness Report 2020

4 Competitiveness Overview: Development news, research, data | World Bank

5 To take one example: “Important features of corporation tax have changed almost every year since 2010. … This is a bad way to make policy. For any level of allowances, investment would be higher if the system were stable.” from Green Budget 2023 | Institute for Fiscal Studies (ifs.org.uk).

6 Estonia, Latvia, New Zealand, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Luxembourg, Türkiye, Israel, Lithuania, and Australia. 2023 International Tax Competitiveness Index | Tax Foundation

7 See, for example: Will increasing income tax rates harm Scottish economic growth? | FAI (fraserofallander.org)

8 Programme for Government - gov.scot (www.gov.scot)

9 EY UK Attractiveness Survey – Scotland 2024

10 Figure 49, Evaluation of the Scottish Government’s inward investment support - final ERC report (www.gov.scot)

11 EY Attractiveness Survey - Europe 2024

12 A minimum tax rate of 15% on the profits of multinationals. | World Economic Forum (weforum.org)

13 Tax rulings: the Court of Justice sets aside the judgment of the General Court concerning tax rulings issued by Ireland in favour of Apple (europa.eu)

14 How Ireland’s attractiveness is bolstering FDI performance | EY Ireland

15 National Productivity and Competitiveness Council - Ireland. A growing number of countries, particularly in the EU, have such councils.

16 EY Europe Attractiveness Survey | EY UK

17 FDI and Taxation: A Meta-Study - Feld - 2011 - Journal of Economic Surveys - Wiley Online Library

18 Tax effects on foreign direct investment—Just a rerouting - Erokhin - 2023 - The World Economy - Wiley Online Library

19 See, for example, Supporting documents - Team Scotland's inward investment support: evaluation - gov.scot (www.gov.scot)

20 Trends in Income Inequality and its Impact on Economic Growth | OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers | OECD iLibrary (oecd-ilibrary.org)

21 Redistribution and Public Debt as Ways to Boost the Economy - Royal Economic Society (res.org.uk)

22 Economic impact of spending on social security - Technical note - gov.scot (www.gov.scot)

23 82% of Scottish business leaders concerned over tax divergence with rest of UK - Scottish Business News

24 Supporting documents - BICS weighted Scotland estimates: data to wave 117 - gov.scot (www.gov.scot)

25 Scottish Business Monitor Q2 2024: Scottish Income Tax, What do firms think? | FAI (fraserofallander.org)

26 How do other countries raise more in tax than the UK? | Institute for Fiscal Studies (ifs.org.uk)

27 For example, the Scottish Fiscal Commission estimated that Scottish Income Tax policy changes are expected to raise almost £1.5 billion more in 2024-25 than under UK Government policy.

28 According to the latest Scottish Income Tax Outturn Statistics, rUK raised 34.8% of its non-savings non-dividends Income Tax from the Top Rate compared to 18.1% in Scotland.

29 Earnings and employment from Pay As You Earn Real Time Information, seasonally adjusted - Office for National Statistics (ons.gov.uk)

30 Marginal-Tax-Rates-and-Economic-Opportunity.pdf (taxfoundation.org)

31 Scottish Income Tax: 2018-19 policy evaluation (www.gov.scot)

32 Impacts of 2018 to 2019 Scottish Income Tax changes on intra-UK migration and labour market participation - GOV.UK (www.gov.uk)

33 National Performance Framework | National Performance Framework

34 Second Annual Progress Report (www.gov.scot)

35 Scotland’s Productivity Challenge - The Productivity Institute 2021