Pesticide Usage in Scotland: Protected Edible Crops 2015 - Summary Report

Report on a survey of pesticide use on protected edible crops in Scotland.


Appendix 1 - Estimated pesticide application tables

Table 1 Percentage of protected edible crops treated with pesticides

  2015 2013
Fungicides < 0.5 33
Sulphur 30 0
Biologicals (1) 9 4
Insecticides 6 31
Seed treatments 6 10
Molluscicides 1 12
Physical control agents < 0.5 0
Herbicides < 0.5 7
Any pesticides (2) 39 39
Disinfectants/surface cleaners 7 45

(1) Biologicals includes biopesticides and biological control agents
(2) Note: any pesticides includes biological control agents and seed treatments but excludes disinfectants

Table 2 Insecticide/acaricide, biological, molluscicide, physical control and disinfectant formulations

Area (ha) and percentage of crop treated

Insecticides/acaricides Protected Edible Crops 2015 2013 (3)
  (ha) (%) (ha)
Abamectin 0.18 0.3 0
Acetamiprid 0.64 2.0 0
Pirimicarb 0.64 2.0 0
Spinosad 1.39 4.1 0
All Insecticides/acaricides 2.84 5.9 42.91
Molluscicides      
Ferric phosphate 0.16 0.5 0
Metaldehyde 0.03 0.1 2.68
All molluscicides 0.19 0.6 2.68
Physical controls      
Carbonic acid diamide/urea 0.10 0.3 0
Biopesticides      
Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki 0.06 0.2 0
All biopesticides 0.06 0.2 0
Biological control agents      
Aphidoletes aphidimyza 0.13 0.4 0
Macrolophus pygmaeus 1.23 3.9 1.55
Parasitic wasps (unknown species) 1.23 3.9 0
Phytoseiulus persimilis 1.36 4.3 0.31
Steinernema carpocapsae 0.16 0.2 0
All Biological control agents 4.11 8.4 1.86
All Biologicals (1) 4.17 8.6 1.86
Disinfectants/surface cleaners      
Acetic acid/hydrogen peroxide/peracetic acid 1.23 3.9 10.62
Ammonium hydrogen difluoride 0.69 2.2 0.48
Sodium hypochlorite 1.23 3.9 0.50
Unspecified disinfectant 0.21 0.7 <0.05
All disinfectants 3.37 6.8 12.86
Area grown (2) 31.49   21.58

(1) All biologicals includes biopesticides and biological control agents
(2) Area grown includes multi-cropping
(3) For full list of formulations recorded in 2013 please refer to the 2013 report 5

Table 3 Fungicide and herbicide formulations

Area (ha) and percentage of crop treated

Fungicides Protected Edible Crops 2015 2013 (2)
  (ha) (%) (ha)
Copper sulphate 0.03 0.1 0
All fungicides 0.03 0.1 90.1
Sulphur 9.53 30.3 0
Herbicides      
Glyphosate 0.04 0.1 0
All herbicides 0.04 0.1 3.23
Area grown (1) 31.49   21.58

(1) Area grown includes multi-cropping
(2) For full list of formulations recorded in 2013 please refer to the 2013 report 5

Table 4 Seed treatment formulations

Area (ha) and percentage of crop treated

Seed treatments Protected edible crops 2015 2013 (2)
  (ha) (%) (ha)
Metalaxyl-M 1.76 5.6 2.13
Thiram 0.88 2.8 2.13
All seed treatments 2.64 5.6 10.67
Area grown (1) 31.49   21.58

(1) Area grown includes multi-cropping
(2) For full list of formulations recorded in 2013 please refer to the 2013 report 5
Note: many of the crops are grown from modules, blocks or other planted material grown from seed by plant propagators from outside Scotland. Seed treatments were not collected from these plant propagators

Table 5 Quantities (kg) of insecticides/acaricides, molluscicides, physical control and disinfectant active substances

Insecticides/acaricides Protected Edible Crops 2015 2013 (2)
  (kg) (kg)
Carbamates    
Pirimicarb 0.09 0.28
All carbamates 0.09 0.28
Neonicotinoids    
Acetamiprid 0.03 0
All neonicotinoids 0.03 0.50
Others    
Abamectin <0.005 0
Spinosad 0.18 0
All others 0.18 1.38
All insecticides/acaricides 0.30 22.65
Molluscicides    
Ferric phosphate 0.08 0
Metaldehyde <0.005 1.57
All molluscicides 0.09 1.57
Physical control    
Carbonic acid diamide/urea 0.10 0
Biopesticides    
Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki <0.005 0
Disinfectant/surface cleaners    
Acetic acid 1.38 16.73
Ammonium hydrogen difluoride 8.31 7.26
Hydrogen peroxide 2.76 47.57
Peracetic acid 0.69 10.66
Sodium hypochlorite 7.59 4.44
All disinfectants 20.73 123.48
Area grown (1) 31.49 21.58

(1) Area grown includes multi-cropping
(2) For full list of active substances recorded in 2013 please refer to the 2013 report 5
Note: Biological control agents are applied by number of organisms rather than weight therefore data are not presented

Table 6 Quantities (kg) of fungicide and herbicide active substances

Fungicides Protected Edible Crops 2015 2013 (2)
  (kg) (kg)
Copper sulphate 0.02 0
All fungicides 0.02 97.08
Sulphur 1.91 0
Herbicides    
Glyphosate 0.04 0
All herbicides 0.04 0.68
Area grown (1) 31.49 21.58

(1) Area grown includes multi-cropping
(2) For full list of active substances recorded in 2013 please refer to the 2013 report 5

Table 7 Quantities (kg) of seed treatment active substances

Seed treatments Protected Edible Crops 2015 2013 (2)
  (kg) (kg)
Metalaxyl-M <0.005 0.02
Thiram 0.03 0.25
All seed treatments 0.03 45.68
Area grown (1) 31.49 21.58

(1) Area grown includes multi-cropping
(2) For full list of active substances recorded in 2013 please refer to the 2013 report 5

Note: many of the crops are grown from modules, blocks or other planted material grown from seed by plant propagators from outwith Scotland. Seed treatments were not collected from these plant propagators

Table 8 Principal active substances by area treated

Area (ha) treated with the 10 most used active substances on protected edible crops (excluding disinfectants)

  Active substance Type 2015 2013 % change
1 Sulphur S 9.53 0  
2 Metalaxyl-M ST 1.76 2.13 -17
3 Spinosad I 1.39 0  
4 Phytoseiulus persimilis BC 1.36 0.31 339
5 Macrolophus pygmaeus BC 1.23 1.55 -20
6 Parasitic wasps BC 1.23 0  
7 Thiram ST 0.88 2.13 -58
8 Pirimicarb I 0.64 2.11 -70
9 Acetamiprid I 0.64 0  
10 Abamectin I 0.18 0  

Pesticide type = BC: biological control agent, I: insecticide, S: sulphur, ST: seed treatment

Table 9 Principal active substances by weight

Quantity (kg) of the 10 most used active substances on protected edible crops (excluding disinfectants)

  Active substance Type 2015 2013 % change
1 Sulphur S 1.91 0  
2 Spinosad I 0.18 0  
3 Carbonic acid diamide/urea P 0.10 0  
4 Pirimicarb I 0.09 0.28 -68
5 Ferric phosphate M 0.08 0  
6 Glyphosate H 0.04 0  
7 Acetamiprid I 0.03 0  
8 Thiram ST 0.03 0.25 -89
9 Copper sulphate F 0.02 0  
10 Metaldehyde M <0.005 1.57  

Pesticide type = F: fungicide, H: herbicide, I: insecticide, M: molluscicide, P: Physical control agent, S: Sulphur, ST: seed treatment
Note: As disinfectants are not pesticides they have been excluded from the above tables.

Table 10 Pesticides encountered on protected edible crops for the first time in 2015

Active substance Type Area treated (ha) Amount used (kg)
Copper sulphate F 0.03 0.02
Parasitic wasps BC 1.23 NA
Steinernema carpocapsae BC 0.16 NA

Pesticide type = BC: biological control agent, F: fungicide
NA = biological control agents are applied by number of organisms rather than weight therefore data are not presented

Table 11 Protected edible crops summary of total pesticide use and comparison with previous years

Pesticide usage 2011 - 2015, total pesticide treated area (ha) of formulations, active substances and quantities used (kg)

    2011     2013     2015  
  Formulations (ha) a.s. (ha) Kg Formulations (ha) a.s. (ha) Kg Formulations (ha) a.s. (ha) Kg
Insecticides 60.37 60.37 3.92 42.91 45.02 22.65 2.84 2.84 0.30
Molluscicides 11.98 11.98 2.20 2.68 2.68 1.57 0.19 0.19 0.09
Fungicides 60.70 70.33 18.86 90.10 117.33 97.08 0.03 0.03 0.02
Sulphur 7.38 7.38 1.48 0.00 0.00 0.00 9.53 9.53 1.91
Herbicides 0.12 0.12 0.10 3.23 3.23 0.68 0.04 0.04 0.04
Soil sterilants 0.74 0.74 429.40 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Biopesticides 2.21 2.21 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.06 0.002
Biological control agents 11.82 11.82 NA 1.86 1.86 NA 4.11 4.11 NA
Seed treatments 2.17 28.29 0.05 10.67 10.67 45.68 2.64 2.64 0.03
Physical control agents 0.66 0.66 2.60 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.10
All pesticides 158.15 193.91 458.64 151.45 180.79 167.66 19.53 19.53 2.48
Disinfectants 5.16 9.06 388.91 12.86 34.88 123.48 3.37 5.84 20.73
Area grown (ha) (1) 27.85     21.58     31.49    

(1) Area grown includes multi-cropping. NA = not applicable.
Note: There have been minor differences in crop range, crop areas and methods used for estimating pesticide use between surveys. Please see Appendix 4 - survey methodology for changes in method between years and the general trends section for discussion on sample composition and its impact on pesticide estimates.

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