Pesticide Usage in Scotland: Protected Edible Crops 2015 - Summary Report
Report on a survey of pesticide use on protected edible crops in Scotland.
Appendix 1 - Estimated pesticide application tables
Table 1 Percentage of protected edible crops treated with pesticides
| 2015 | 2013 | |
|---|---|---|
| Fungicides | < 0.5 | 33 |
| Sulphur | 30 | 0 |
| Biologicals (1) | 9 | 4 |
| Insecticides | 6 | 31 |
| Seed treatments | 6 | 10 |
| Molluscicides | 1 | 12 |
| Physical control agents | < 0.5 | 0 |
| Herbicides | < 0.5 | 7 |
| Any pesticides (2) | 39 | 39 |
| Disinfectants/surface cleaners | 7 | 45 |
(1) Biologicals includes biopesticides and biological control agents
(2) Note: any pesticides includes biological control agents and seed treatments but excludes disinfectants
Table 2 Insecticide/acaricide, biological, molluscicide, physical control and disinfectant formulations
Area (ha) and percentage of crop treated
| Insecticides/acaricides | Protected Edible Crops 2015 | 2013 (3) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| (ha) | (%) | (ha) | |
| Abamectin | 0.18 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Acetamiprid | 0.64 | 2.0 | 0 |
| Pirimicarb | 0.64 | 2.0 | 0 |
| Spinosad | 1.39 | 4.1 | 0 |
| All Insecticides/acaricides | 2.84 | 5.9 | 42.91 |
| Molluscicides | |||
| Ferric phosphate | 0.16 | 0.5 | 0 |
| Metaldehyde | 0.03 | 0.1 | 2.68 |
| All molluscicides | 0.19 | 0.6 | 2.68 |
| Physical controls | |||
| Carbonic acid diamide/urea | 0.10 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Biopesticides | |||
| Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki | 0.06 | 0.2 | 0 |
| All biopesticides | 0.06 | 0.2 | 0 |
| Biological control agents | |||
| Aphidoletes aphidimyza | 0.13 | 0.4 | 0 |
| Macrolophus pygmaeus | 1.23 | 3.9 | 1.55 |
| Parasitic wasps (unknown species) | 1.23 | 3.9 | 0 |
| Phytoseiulus persimilis | 1.36 | 4.3 | 0.31 |
| Steinernema carpocapsae | 0.16 | 0.2 | 0 |
| All Biological control agents | 4.11 | 8.4 | 1.86 |
| All Biologicals (1) | 4.17 | 8.6 | 1.86 |
| Disinfectants/surface cleaners | |||
| Acetic acid/hydrogen peroxide/peracetic acid | 1.23 | 3.9 | 10.62 |
| Ammonium hydrogen difluoride | 0.69 | 2.2 | 0.48 |
| Sodium hypochlorite | 1.23 | 3.9 | 0.50 |
| Unspecified disinfectant | 0.21 | 0.7 | <0.05 |
| All disinfectants | 3.37 | 6.8 | 12.86 |
| Area grown (2) | 31.49 | 21.58 | |
(1) All biologicals includes biopesticides and biological control agents
(2) Area grown includes multi-cropping
(3) For full list of formulations recorded in 2013 please refer to the 2013 report 5
Table 3 Fungicide and herbicide formulations
Area (ha) and percentage of crop treated
| Fungicides | Protected Edible Crops 2015 | 2013 (2) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| (ha) | (%) | (ha) | |
| Copper sulphate | 0.03 | 0.1 | 0 |
| All fungicides | 0.03 | 0.1 | 90.1 |
| Sulphur | 9.53 | 30.3 | 0 |
| Herbicides | |||
| Glyphosate | 0.04 | 0.1 | 0 |
| All herbicides | 0.04 | 0.1 | 3.23 |
| Area grown (1) | 31.49 | 21.58 | |
(1) Area grown includes multi-cropping
(2) For full list of formulations recorded in 2013 please refer to the 2013 report 5
Table 4 Seed treatment formulations
Area (ha) and percentage of crop treated
| Seed treatments | Protected edible crops 2015 | 2013 (2) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| (ha) | (%) | (ha) | |
| Metalaxyl-M | 1.76 | 5.6 | 2.13 |
| Thiram | 0.88 | 2.8 | 2.13 |
| All seed treatments | 2.64 | 5.6 | 10.67 |
| Area grown (1) | 31.49 | 21.58 | |
(1) Area grown includes multi-cropping
(2) For full list of formulations recorded in 2013 please refer to the 2013 report 5
Note: many of the crops are grown from modules, blocks or other planted material grown from seed by plant propagators from outside Scotland. Seed treatments were not collected from these plant propagators
Table 5 Quantities (kg) of insecticides/acaricides, molluscicides, physical control and disinfectant active substances
| Insecticides/acaricides | Protected Edible Crops 2015 | 2013 (2) |
|---|---|---|
| (kg) | (kg) | |
| Carbamates | ||
| Pirimicarb | 0.09 | 0.28 |
| All carbamates | 0.09 | 0.28 |
| Neonicotinoids | ||
| Acetamiprid | 0.03 | 0 |
| All neonicotinoids | 0.03 | 0.50 |
| Others | ||
| Abamectin | <0.005 | 0 |
| Spinosad | 0.18 | 0 |
| All others | 0.18 | 1.38 |
| All insecticides/acaricides | 0.30 | 22.65 |
| Molluscicides | ||
| Ferric phosphate | 0.08 | 0 |
| Metaldehyde | <0.005 | 1.57 |
| All molluscicides | 0.09 | 1.57 |
| Physical control | ||
| Carbonic acid diamide/urea | 0.10 | 0 |
| Biopesticides | ||
| Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki | <0.005 | 0 |
| Disinfectant/surface cleaners | ||
| Acetic acid | 1.38 | 16.73 |
| Ammonium hydrogen difluoride | 8.31 | 7.26 |
| Hydrogen peroxide | 2.76 | 47.57 |
| Peracetic acid | 0.69 | 10.66 |
| Sodium hypochlorite | 7.59 | 4.44 |
| All disinfectants | 20.73 | 123.48 |
| Area grown (1) | 31.49 | 21.58 |
(1) Area grown includes multi-cropping
(2) For full list of active substances recorded in 2013 please refer to the 2013 report 5
Note: Biological control agents are applied by number of organisms rather than weight therefore data are not presented
Table 6 Quantities (kg) of fungicide and herbicide active substances
| Fungicides | Protected Edible Crops 2015 | 2013 (2) |
|---|---|---|
| (kg) | (kg) | |
| Copper sulphate | 0.02 | 0 |
| All fungicides | 0.02 | 97.08 |
| Sulphur | 1.91 | 0 |
| Herbicides | ||
| Glyphosate | 0.04 | 0 |
| All herbicides | 0.04 | 0.68 |
| Area grown (1) | 31.49 | 21.58 |
(1) Area grown includes multi-cropping
(2) For full list of active substances recorded in 2013 please refer to the 2013 report 5
Table 7 Quantities (kg) of seed treatment active substances
| Seed treatments | Protected Edible Crops 2015 | 2013 (2) |
|---|---|---|
| (kg) | (kg) | |
| Metalaxyl-M | <0.005 | 0.02 |
| Thiram | 0.03 | 0.25 |
| All seed treatments | 0.03 | 45.68 |
| Area grown (1) | 31.49 | 21.58 |
(1) Area grown includes multi-cropping
(2) For full list of active substances recorded in 2013 please refer to the 2013 report 5
Note: many of the crops are grown from modules, blocks or other planted material grown from seed by plant propagators from outwith Scotland. Seed treatments were not collected from these plant propagators
Table 8 Principal active substances by area treated
Area (ha) treated with the 10 most used active substances on protected edible crops (excluding disinfectants)
| Active substance | Type | 2015 | 2013 | % change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Sulphur | S | 9.53 | 0 | |
| 2 | Metalaxyl-M | ST | 1.76 | 2.13 | -17 |
| 3 | Spinosad | I | 1.39 | 0 | |
| 4 | Phytoseiulus persimilis | BC | 1.36 | 0.31 | 339 |
| 5 | Macrolophus pygmaeus | BC | 1.23 | 1.55 | -20 |
| 6 | Parasitic wasps | BC | 1.23 | 0 | |
| 7 | Thiram | ST | 0.88 | 2.13 | -58 |
| 8 | Pirimicarb | I | 0.64 | 2.11 | -70 |
| 9 | Acetamiprid | I | 0.64 | 0 | |
| 10 | Abamectin | I | 0.18 | 0 |
Pesticide type = BC: biological control agent, I: insecticide, S: sulphur, ST: seed treatment
Table 9 Principal active substances by weight
Quantity (kg) of the 10 most used active substances on protected edible crops (excluding disinfectants)
| Active substance | Type | 2015 | 2013 | % change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Sulphur | S | 1.91 | 0 | |
| 2 | Spinosad | I | 0.18 | 0 | |
| 3 | Carbonic acid diamide/urea | P | 0.10 | 0 | |
| 4 | Pirimicarb | I | 0.09 | 0.28 | -68 |
| 5 | Ferric phosphate | M | 0.08 | 0 | |
| 6 | Glyphosate | H | 0.04 | 0 | |
| 7 | Acetamiprid | I | 0.03 | 0 | |
| 8 | Thiram | ST | 0.03 | 0.25 | -89 |
| 9 | Copper sulphate | F | 0.02 | 0 | |
| 10 | Metaldehyde | M | <0.005 | 1.57 |
Pesticide type = F: fungicide, H: herbicide, I: insecticide, M: molluscicide, P: Physical control agent, S: Sulphur, ST: seed treatment
Note: As disinfectants are not pesticides they have been excluded from the above tables.
Table 10 Pesticides encountered on protected edible crops for the first time in 2015
| Active substance | Type | Area treated (ha) | Amount used (kg) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Copper sulphate | F | 0.03 | 0.02 |
| Parasitic wasps | BC | 1.23 | NA |
| Steinernema carpocapsae | BC | 0.16 | NA |
Pesticide type = BC: biological control agent, F: fungicide
NA = biological control agents are applied by number of organisms rather than weight therefore data are not presented
Table 11 Protected edible crops summary of total pesticide use and comparison with previous years
Pesticide usage 2011 - 2015, total pesticide treated area (ha) of formulations, active substances and quantities used (kg)
| 2011 | 2013 | 2015 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formulations (ha) | a.s. (ha) | Kg | Formulations (ha) | a.s. (ha) | Kg | Formulations (ha) | a.s. (ha) | Kg | |
| Insecticides | 60.37 | 60.37 | 3.92 | 42.91 | 45.02 | 22.65 | 2.84 | 2.84 | 0.30 |
| Molluscicides | 11.98 | 11.98 | 2.20 | 2.68 | 2.68 | 1.57 | 0.19 | 0.19 | 0.09 |
| Fungicides | 60.70 | 70.33 | 18.86 | 90.10 | 117.33 | 97.08 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.02 |
| Sulphur | 7.38 | 7.38 | 1.48 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 9.53 | 9.53 | 1.91 |
| Herbicides | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.10 | 3.23 | 3.23 | 0.68 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 |
| Soil sterilants | 0.74 | 0.74 | 429.40 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Biopesticides | 2.21 | 2.21 | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.002 |
| Biological control agents | 11.82 | 11.82 | NA | 1.86 | 1.86 | NA | 4.11 | 4.11 | NA |
| Seed treatments | 2.17 | 28.29 | 0.05 | 10.67 | 10.67 | 45.68 | 2.64 | 2.64 | 0.03 |
| Physical control agents | 0.66 | 0.66 | 2.60 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 |
| All pesticides | 158.15 | 193.91 | 458.64 | 151.45 | 180.79 | 167.66 | 19.53 | 19.53 | 2.48 |
| Disinfectants | 5.16 | 9.06 | 388.91 | 12.86 | 34.88 | 123.48 | 3.37 | 5.84 | 20.73 |
| Area grown (ha) (1) | 27.85 | 21.58 | 31.49 |
(1) Area grown includes multi-cropping. NA = not applicable.
Note: There have been minor differences in crop range, crop areas and methods used for estimating pesticide use between surveys. Please see Appendix 4 - survey methodology for changes in method between years and the general trends section for discussion on sample composition and its impact on pesticide estimates.
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