Pilot Pentland Firth and Orkney Waters Marine Spatial Plan - Sustainability Appraisal

Footnotes

[1] The Scottish Government (2013) Pilot Pentland Firth & Orkney Waters Marine Spatial Plan, Strategic Environmental Assessment, Scoping Report [online] Available at: http://www.gov.scot/Topics/Environment/environmental-assessment/sea/SEAG (accessed 24/2/2014)

[2] Scottish Environment Protection Agency ( SEPA), Scottish Natural Heritage ( SNH) and Historic Environment Scotland

[3] The Scottish Government (2013) Pilot Pentland Firth and Orkney Waters Marine Spatial Plan, Strategic Environmental Assessment, Scoping Report [online] Available at: http://www.gov.scot/Topics/Environment/environmental-assessment/sea/SEAG (accessed 24/2/2014)

[4] The Scottish Government (2013) Pilot Pentland Firth and Orkney Waters Marine Spatial Plan, Planning Issues and Options Consultation Paper, may 2013 [online] Available at: http://www.gov.scot/Resource/0042/00425039.pdf (accessed 24/2/2014)

[5] SNH (2015) Habitats Regulations Appraisal of Plans: Guidance for Plan-making Bodies in Scotland [online] Available at: http://www.snh.gov.uk/docs/A1500925.pdf (accessed 28/04/2015)

[6] The Scottish Government (2010) Marine (Scotland) Act 2010 [online] Available at: http://www.gov.scot/Topics/marine/seamanagement/marineact (accessed 20/01/2015)

[7] Marine Scotland (2014) Scotland’s National Marine Plan [online] Available at: http://www.gov.scot/Topics/marine/seamanagement/national (accessed 20/01/2015)

[8] The Scottish Government (2012) The Scottish Sustainable Marine Environment Initiative ( SSMEI), Introduction [online] Available at: http://www.gov.scot/Topics/marine/seamanagement/regional/SSMEI (accessed 21/01/2015)

[9] Marine Scotland (2013) Draft Sectoral Marine Plans for Offshore Renewable Energy in Scottish Waters [online] Available at: http://www.gov.scot/publications/draft-sectoral-marine-plans-offshore-renewable-energy-scottish-waters-strategic//downloads (accessed 20/01/2015)

[10] Baxter, J.M., Boyd, I.L., Cox, M., Donald, A.E., Malcolm, S.J., Miles, H., Miller, B., Moffat, C.F., (Editors), 2011. Scotland's Marine Atlas: Information for the national marine plan. Marine Scotland, Edinburgh [online] Available at: http://www.gov.scot/Publications/2011/03/16182005/0 (accessed 20/01/2015)

[11] Marine Scotland (2012) Draft Regional Locational Guidance [online] Available at: http://www.gov.scot/Topics/marine/marineenergy/Planning (accessed 20/01/2015)

[12] National Marine Plan Interactive [online] Available at: http://marinescotland.atkinsgeospatial.com/nmpi/ (accessed 20/01/2015)

[13] UK Government (2011) UK Marine Policy Statement [online] Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/uk-marine-policy-statement (accessed 28/04/2015)

[14] HM Government, the Northern Ireland Executive, the Scottish Government and the Welsh Assembly Government.

[15] EC (2008) Our Oceans, Seas and Coasts, Legislation: The Marine Directive [online] Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/marine/eu-coast-and-marine-policy/marine-strategy-framework-directive/index_en.htm (accessed 28/04/2015)

[16] The Marine Strategy Regulations (2010) [online] Available at: http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2010/1627/pdfs/uksi_20101627_en.pdf (accessed 28/04/2015)

[17] EC (2014) Directive 2014/89/ EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 July 2014 establishing a framework for maritime spatial planning [online] Available at: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=uriserv:OJ.L_.2014.257.01.0135.01.ENG (accessed 28/04/2015)

[18] EC (2014) Maritime Spatial Planning [online] Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/maritimeaffairs/policy/maritime_spatial_planning/index_en.htm (accessed 28/04/2015)

[19] Marine Scotland (2014) Scotland’s National Marine Plan [online] Available at: http://www.gov.scot/Topics/marine/seamanagement/national (accessed 28/04/2015)

[20] United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea [online] Available at: http://www.un.org/depts/los/convention_agreements/texts/unclos/unclos_e.pdf (accessed 28/04/2015)

[21] Scottish Government (2013) SEA Database [online] Available at: http://www.gov.scot/Topics/Environment/environmental-assessment/sea/SEAG (accessed 09/02/2015)

[22] Biodiversity; Climatic factors; Cultural heritage and historic environment; Landscapes, seascapes, marine geodiversity and coastal processes; Communities, population and human health, Water and the marine environment; and Material assets/Economic.

[23] Scottish Natural Heritage, Scottish Environment Protection Agency, and Historic Scotland.

[24] Marine Scotland (2010) Pentland Firth and Orkney Waters Marine Spatial Plan Framework and Regional Locational Guidance for Marine Energy: Final Report [online] Available at: http://www.gov.scot/Resource/Doc/295194/0115355.pdf (accessed 28/04/2015)

[25] SNH (2013) Special Areas of Conservation ( SACs) in the marine environment [online] Available at: http://www.snh.gov.uk/protecting-scotlands-nature/protected-areas/international-designations/sac/marine-sacs/ (accessed 28/04/2015)

[26] SNH (2013) Sitelink, Protected Area Search [online] Available at: http://gateway.snh.gov.uk/sitelink/index.jsp (accessed 29/01/2015)

[27] SNH (2013) SNHi [online] Available at: http://www.snh.gov.uk/publications-data-and-research/snhi-information-service/map/ (accessed 29/01/2015)

[28] JNCC (2010) UK BAP priority species and habitats [online] Available at: http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/page-5718 (accessed 29/01/2015)

[29] Orkney Islands Council (2013) Biodiversity Action Planning [online] Available at: http://www.orkney.gov.uk/Service-Directory/L/Local-Biodiversity-Plan.htm (accessed 29/01/2015)

[30] Highland Biodiversity partnership (2010) Highland Biodiversity Action Plan 2015 – 20 (Draft) [online] Available at: http://www.highlandbiodiversity.com/userfiles/file/acion-plans/hbap_review/HBAP_consultative-draft-Nov-14.pdf (accessed 29/01/2015)

[31] SNH (2014) Nature Conservation Marine Protected Areas [online] Available at: http://www.snh.gov.uk/protecting-scotlands-nature/protected-areas/national-designations/mpas/ (accessed 29/01/2015)

[32] National Marine Plan Interactive [online] Available at: http://marinescotland.atkinsgeospatial.com/nmpi/# (accessed 29/01/2015)

[33] SNH (2014) Priority Marine Features in Scotland’s Seas [online] Available at: http://www.snh.gov.uk/protecting-scotlands-nature/priority-marine-features/priority-marine-features/ (accessed 29/01/2015)

[34] SNH (2013) SNHi [online] Available at: http://www.snh.gov.uk/publications-data-and-research/snhi-information-service/map/ (accessed 12/09/2014)

[35] JNCC and SNH (2014) The suite of Scottish marine dSPAs, 22 July 2014 [online] Available at: http://www.snh.gov.uk/docs/A1350044.pdf (accessed 25/09/2014)

[36] BirdLife International (2013) Important Bird Areas factsheet: Hoy. [online] from http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/sitefactsheet.php?id=2495 (accessed 29/01/2015)

[37] BirdLife International (2013) Important Bird Areas factsheet: Scapa Flow. [online] from http://www.birdlife.org (accessed 02/02/2015)

[38] Sea Mammal Research unit (2013) Marine Mammal Scientific Support Research Programme MMSS/001/11, Grey and harbour seal density maps, Prepared for Marine Scotland [online] Available at: http://www.gov.scot/Resource/0041/00416981.pdf [accessed 02/02/2015]

[39] Marine Scotland (2011) Scotland’s Marine Atlas: Information for the National Marine Plan, pg. 120.

[40] SMRU (2013) Marine Mammal Scientific Support Research Programme MMSS/001/11, Grey and harbour seal density maps [online] Available at: http://www.gov.scot/Resource/0041/00416981.pdf (accessed 02/02/2015)

[41] The Scottish Government (2014) Haul-out sites [online] Available at: http://www.gov.scot/Topics/marine/marine-environment/species/19887/20814/haulouts (accessed 02/02/2015)

[42] SNH (2014) Scottish Natural Heritage Commissioned Report No. 759: Surveys of harbour (common) and grey seals on the east, north and north-west coast of Scotland and in Orkney, including the Moray Firth and the Firth of Tay, in August 2013 [online] Available at: http://www.snh.org.uk/pdfs/publications/commissioned_reports/759.pdf (accessed 02/02/2015)

[43] SCOCS (2014) Scientific Advice on Matters Related to the Management of Seal Populations: 2014 [online] Available at: http://www.smru.st-and.ac.uk/documents/2259.pdf (accessed 28/04/2015)

[44] SNH (2014) Scottish Natural Heritage Commissioned Report No. 759: Surveys of harbour (common) and grey seals on the east, north and north-west coast of Scotland and in Orkney, including the Moray Firth and the Firth of Tay, in August 2013 [online] Available at: http://www.snh.org.uk/pdfs/publications/commissioned_reports/759.pdf (accessed 02/02/2015)

[45] SCOCS (2014) Scientific Advice on Matters Related to the Management of Seal Populations: 2014 [online] Available at: http://www.smru.st-and.ac.uk/documents/2259.pdf (accessed 28/04/2015)

[46] Marine Scotland (2011) Scotland’s Marine Atlas: Information for the National Marine Plan, pg. 120-123.

[47] SCOCS (2014) Scientific Advice on Matters Related to the Management of Seal Populations: 2014 [online] Available at: http://www.smru.st-and.ac.uk/documents/2259.pdf (accessed 28/04/2015)

[48] SNH (2014) Scottish Natural Heritage Commissioned Report No. 759: Surveys of harbour (common) and grey seals on the east, north and north-west coast of Scotland and in Orkney, including the Moray Firth and the Firth of Tay, in August 2013 [online] Available at: http://www.snh.org.uk/pdfs/publications/commissioned_reports/759.pdf (accessed 02/02/2015)

[49] SCOS Main Advice (2013) Scientific Advice on Matters Related to the Management of Seal Populations: SCOS 2013 [online] Available at: http://www.smru.st-andrews.ac.uk/pageset.aspx?psr=411 (accessed 02/02/2015)

[50] SNH (2012) SNH Commissioned Report 419: Abundance and behaviour of cetaceans and basking sharks in the Pentland Firth and Orkney Waters [online] Available at: http://www.snh.gov.uk/publications-data-and-research/publications/search-the-catalogue/publication-detail/?id=1875 (accessed 02/02/2015)

[51] JNCC (2010) UK BAP priority species and habitats [online] Available at: http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/page-5718 (accessed 5/2/2014)

[52] IUCN (2009) ICUN Red List of Threatened Species [online] Available at: http://www.iucnredlist.org/ (accessed 02/02/2015)

[53] Ellis, J.R, Milligan S.P. Readdy L., Taylor N. and Brown M.J. (2012) Cefas Science Series Technical Report no. 147, Spawning and nursery grounds of selected fish species in UK waters [online] Available at: http://www.cefas.defra.gov.uk/publications/techrep/TechRep147.pdf [accessed 25/09/2014]

[54] Natural Environment Research Council: Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (undated) Impress: Interactions between the marine environment, predators and prey, Implications for sustainable sandeel fisheries [online] Available at: http://www.ceh.ac.uk/sci_programmes/impress.html (accessed 10/10/2014)

[55] SNH (2014) Priority Marine Features in Scotland’s Seas [online] Available at: http://www.snh.gov.uk/protecting-scotlands-nature/priority-marine-features/priority-marine-features/ (accessed 09/10/2014)

[56] Marine Scotland Science (2010) Scottish Marine and Freshwater Science Volume 1 No 14, Review Of Migratory Routes And Behaviour Of Atlantic Salmon, Sea Trout And European Eel In Scotland’s Coastal Environment: Implications For The Development Of Marine Renewables [online] Available at: http://www.gov.scot/Resource/Doc/295194/0111162.pdf [accessed 09/09/2014]

[57] National Marine Plan Interactive [online] Available at: http://marinescotland.atkinsgeospatial.com/nmpi/#

[58] National Marine Plan Interactive [online] Available at: http://marinescotland.atkinsgeospatial.com/nmpi/#

[59] National Marine Plan Interactive [online] Available at: http://marinescotland.atkinsgeospatial.com/nmpi/#

[60] Marine Scotland (2011) Scotland’s Marine Atlas: Information for the National Marine Plan, pg. 189.

[61] Marine Scotland (2012) Topic Sheet no. 117 v1, Ocean acidification – alteration to the chemistry of marine carbonate system [online] Available at: http://www.gov.scot/Resource/0040/00408986.pdf (accessed 02/02/2015)

[62] Marine Scotland (2011) Scotland’s Marine Atlas: Information for the National Marine Plan, pg. 189.

[63] Marine Scotland (2011) Scotland’s Marine Atlas: Information for the National Marine Plan, pg. 189.

[64] Sniffer (2008) Project FRM10: Coastal Flooding in Scotland: A Scoping Study [online] Available at: http://www.sniffer.org.uk/files/7013/4183/7993/FRM10_final_030908_with_security.pdf (accessed 12/11/2014)

[65] Defra (2012) UK Climate Change Risk Assessment: Government Report, January 2013 [online] Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/69487/pb13698-climate-risk-assessment.pdf (accessed 10/9/2014)

[66] The Scottish Government (2009) Scotland's Climate Change Adaptation Framework [online] Available at: http://www.gov.scot/Topics/Environment/climatechange/scotlands-action/adaptation/AdaptationFramework (accessed 10/9/2014)

[67] The Scottish Government (2014) Climate Ready Scotland Scottish Climate Change Adaptation Programme [online] Available at: http://www.gov.scot/Publications/2014/05/4669 (accessed 02/02/2015)

[68] The Scottish Government (2011) Low Carbon Scotland - Meeting our Emissions Reduction Targets 2010-2022 [online] Available at: http://www.gov.scot/Topics/Environment/climatechange/scotlands-action/lowcarbon/rpp (accessed 02/02/2015)

[69] The Scottish Government (2013) Low Carbon Scotland - Meeting our Emissions Reduction Targets 2013-2027 [online] Available at: http://www.gov.scot/Topics/Environment/climatechange/scotlands-action/lowcarbon/meetingthetargets (accessed 02/02/2015)

[70] Orca Marine (2012) Project Adair: Mapping marine heritage sites in Orkney and the Pentland Firth, Desk-based Assessment March 2012 [online] Available at: http://www.orkney.uhi.ac.uk/studying-at-oc/departments/archaeology/archaeology-files/mapping-marine-heritage-sites-in-orkney-and-pentland-firth [accessed 02/02/2015]

[71] RCAHMS (2014) Canmore [online] Available at: http://canmoremapping.rcahms.gov.uk/index.php?action=do_details&cache_name=aWRudW1saW5rLDMyMzk5OF9zZWFyY2h0eXBlLGFkdmFuY2VkX29yYQ==&set=0&list_z=0&numlink=323998 [accessed 02/02/2015]

[72] RCAHMS (2014) Canmore [online] Available at: http://canmoremapping.rcahms.gov.uk/index.php?action=do_advanced&idnumlink=101996 [accessed 02/02/2015]

[73] RCAHMS (2014) Pastmap [online] Available at: http://jura.rcahms.gov.uk/PASTMAP/Map [accessed 02/02/2015]

[74] RCAHMS (2014) Pastmap [online] Available at: http://jura.rcahms.gov.uk/PASTMAP/Map [accessed 02/02/2015]

[75] The Scottish Government (2012) Pentland Firth and Orkney Waters Marine Spatial Plan Framework and Regional Locational Guidance for Marine Energy, Draft Report [online] Available at: http://www.gov.scot/Resource/Doc/295194/0096884.pdf [accessed 02/02/2015]

[76] English Heritage, Historic Scotland and Cadw (2013) Historic Environment Guidance for Wave and Tidal Energy, November 2013 [online] Available at: http://www.historic-gov.scot/wave-tidal-energy-guidance-nov-13.pdf (accessed 02/02/2015)

[77] National Marine Plan Interactive [online] Available at: http://marinescotland.atkinsgeospatial.com/nmpi/#

[78] National Marine Plan Interactive [online] Available at: http://marinescotland.atkinsgeospatial.com/nmpi/#

[79] SNH (2010) The special qualities of the National Scenic Areas, SNH Commissioned Report No.374 [online] Available at: http://www.snh.gov.uk/docs/B699719.pdf [accessed 11/09/2014]

[80] SNH (2014) Mapping Scotland’s wildness and wild land [online] Available at: http://www.snh.gov.uk/protecting-scotlands-nature/looking-after-landscapes/landscape-policy-and-guidance/wild-land/mapping/ (accessed 09/10/2014)

[81]The Highland Council (2011) Assessment of Highland Special Landscape Areas, June 2011 [online] Available at: http://www.highland.gov.uk/download/meetings/id/18894/item12speciallandscapeareascitationspdf [accessed 02/02/2015]

[82] Land Use Consultants (1998) No. 100, Orkney Landscape Character Assessment [online] Available at: http://www.snh.org.uk/publications/on-line/LCA/orkney.pdf (accessed 02/02/2015)

[83] Orkney islands Council (2015) [online] Available at: http://www.orkney.gov.uk/Planning-News/north-isles-landscape-partnership-scheme.htm (accessed 17/02/2015)

[84] Scapa Flow Landscape Partnership Scheme (2011) [online] Available at: http://www.scapaflow.co/index.php/history_and_archaeology/ (accessed 17/02/2015)

[85] National Marine Plan Interactive [online] Available at: http://marinescotland.atkinsgeospatial.com/nmpi/#

[86] Scottish Government (2011) Scotland’s Marine Atlas, Scottish Government pg. 72

[87] SNH (2012) Geological Conservation Review ( GCR) Sites [online] Available at: http://www.snh.gov.uk/protecting-scotlands-nature/safeguarding-geodiversity/protecting/geological-conservation/ [accessed 02/02/2015]

[88] SNH (2014) Nature Conservation Marine Protected Areas [online] Available at: http://www.snh.gov.uk/protecting-scotlands-nature/protected-areas/national-designations/mpas/ [accessed 02/02/2015]

[89] Scottish Government (2014) Nature Conservation Marine Protected Areas Designations [online] Available at: http://www.gov.scot/Topics/marine/marine-environment/mpanetwork (accessed 02/02/2015)

[90] JNCC (2014) North-west Orkney MPA [online] Available at: http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/page-6484 (accessed 02/02/2015)

[91] SNH (2014) Nature Conservation Marine Protected Areas [online] Available at: http://www.snh.gov.uk/protecting-scotlands-nature/protected-areas/national-designations/mpas/ [accessed 02/02/2015]

[92] Scottish Government (2014) Marine Protected Areas Designations [online] Available at: http://www.gov.scot/Topics/marine/marine-environment/mpanetwork/developing/DesignationOrders (accessed 02/02/2015)

[93] JNCC (undated) UK Map of GCR Sites [online] Available at: http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/page-4173 (accessed 02/02/2015)

[94] SNH (2002) Natural Heritage Future – Orkney and Caithness [online] Available at: http://www.snh.gov.uk/docs/A306319.pdf (accessed 02/02/2015)

[95] SNH (1997) Information and Advisory Note Number 72, February 1997, Coastal erosion and defence, II. Coastal erosion and coastal cells [online] Available at: http://www.snh.org.uk/publications/on-line/advisorynotes/72/72.html (accessed 02/02/2015)

[96] Prasetya G (unknown) Chapter 4: Protection From Coastal Erosion, Thematic paper: The role of coastal forests and trees in protecting against coastal erosion [online] Available at: http://www.fao.org/docrep/010/ag127e/AG127E09.htm (accessed 02/02/2015)

[97] SNH (2012) Coastal Erosion [online] Available at: http://www.snh.gov.uk/about-scotlands-nature/rocks-soils-and-landforms/coasts/erosion/ (accessed 02/02/2015)

[98] Marine Climate Change Impacts Annual Report Card 2010-2011 http://www.mccip.org.uk/media/7562/mccip-report-2010-2011.pdf (accessed 02/02/2015)

[99] European Commission (2004) Eurosion: Living with Coastal Erosion in Europe – Sediment and Space for Sustainability – Results for the Eurosion Study, [online] Available at: http://www.eurosion.org/reports-online/reports.html (accessed 02/02/2015)

[100] UKCP (2009) Maps and Key Findings [online] Available at: http://ukclimateprojections.metoffice.gov.uk/21708 (accessed 02/02/2015)

[101]Historic Scotland (undated)Coastal Erosion [online] Available at: http://www.historic-gov.scot/coastalerosion (accessed 02/02/2015)

[102] European Commission (2004) Eurosion: Living with Coastal Erosion in Europe – Sediment and Space for Sustainability – Results for the Eurosion Study, [online] Available at: http://www.eurosion.org/reports-online/reports.html (accessed 02/02/2015)

[103] Historic Scotland (undated) Coastal Erosion [online] Available at: http://www.historic-gov.scot/coastalerosion (accessed 02/02/2015)

[104] Scottish Government (2013) Offshore Renewable Energy, Planning, Regional Locational Guidance [online] Available at: http://www.gov.scot/Topics/marine/marineenergy/Planning/waverlg (accessed 02/02/2015)

[105] Farrow, G.E., Allen, N.H and Akpan, E.B. (1984) Bioclastic carbonate sedimentation on a high-latitude, tide-dominated shelf: northeast Orkney Islands, Scotland. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 54, 2, 373-393.

[106] National Marine Plan Interactive [online] Available at: http://marinescotland.atkinsgeospatial.com/nmpi/#

[107] National Marine Plan Interactive [online] Available at: http://marinescotland.atkinsgeospatial.com/nmpi/#

[108] National Marine Plan Interactive [online] Available at: http://marinescotland.atkinsgeospatial.com/nmpi/#

[109] European Commission (2004) Eurosion: Living with Coastal Erosion in Europe – Sediment and Space for Sustainability – Results for the Eurosion Study, [online] Available at: http://www.eurosion.org/reports-online/reports.html (accessed 02/02/2015)

[110] SNH (2015) Natural Spaces, EEA Eurosion Scotland Layers [online] Available at: https://gateway.snh.gov.uk/natural-spaces/ (accessed 23/02/2015)

[111] Scottish Government (2012) Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation [online] Available at: http://www.gov.scot/Topics/Statistics/SIMD/ (accessed 02/02/2015)

[112] Scottish Government (2011) Scotland’s Marine Atlas, Information for the national marine plan, Scottish Government, pg. 143.

[113] Scottish Government (2011) Scotland’s Marine Atlas, Information for the national marine plan, Scottish Government pg 152-155

[114] Marine Scotland (2012) Offshore Renewable Energy, Planning, Regional Locational Guidance [online] Available at: http://www.gov.scot/Topics/marine/marineenergy/Planning/ (accessed 02/02/2015)

[115] MAIB (2013) Reports by Incident – Collision/Contact, [online] Available at: http://www.maib.gov.uk/publications/investigation_reports/reports_by_incident/collision_contact.cfm [accessed 02/02/2015]

[116] MAIB (2013) Reports by Incident – Grounding, [online] Available at: http://www.maib.gov.uk/publications/investigation_reports/reports_by_incident/grounding.cfm [accessed 02/02/2015]

[117] MAIB (2014) Annual Report 2013 [online] Available at: http://www.maib.gov.uk/cms_resources.cfm?file=/MAIB_Annual_Report_2013.pdf [accessed 02/02/2015]

[118] European Commission (2006) The 2006 Bathing Water Directive [online] Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/water/water-bathing/index_en.html (accessed 02/02/2015)

[119] Scottish Government (2011) Scotland’s Marine Atlas, Information for the national marine plan, Scottish Government pg 56.

[120] SEPA (2014) Bathing Water Results for North of Scotland [online] Available at: http://www.sepa.org.uk/water/bathing_waters/sampling_and_results.aspx?area=north (accessed 02/02/2015)

[121] Scottish Government (2011) Scotland’s Marine Atlas, Information for the national marine plan, Scottish Government pg 56.

[122] EU (2000) Directive 2000/60/ EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2000 establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy [online] Available at: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32000L0060&from=EN (accessed 02/02/2015)

[123] Scottish Government (2010) Water Framework Directive in Scotland ( WFD) [online] Available at: http://www.gov.scot/Topics/Environment/Water/15561/WFD (accessed 02/02/2015)

[124] SEPA (2009) River Basement Management Plans [online] Available at : http://www.sepa.org.uk/water/river_basin_planning.aspx (accessed 02/02/2015)

[125] Scotland’s Environment Web (2014) Coastal Waters [online] Available at: http://www.environment.scotland.gov.uk/get-informed/water/coastal-waters/ (accessed 29/04/2015)

[126] Scotland’s Environment (2014) Water [online] Available at: http://www.environment.scotland.gov.uk/get-informed/water/ (02/02/2015)

[127] Scottish Government (2014) Locational Guidelines: Marine Fish Farms in Scottish Waters [online] Available at: http://www.gov.scot/Topics/marine/Publications/publicationslatest/farmedfish/locationalfishfarms (accessed 02/02/2015)

[128] The Scottish Parliament (2013) The Water Environment (Shellfish Water Protected Areas: Designation) (Scotland) Order 2013 [online] Available at: http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ssi/2013/324/pdfs/ssi_20130324_en.pdf (accessed 02/02/2015)

[129] SEPA (2012) Designated Shellfish Waters in Scotland [online] Available at: http://www.sepa.org.uk/water/protected_areas/shellfish_waters.aspx [accessed 02/02/2015]

[130] FSA (2015) Shellfish Classification Document 2015 – 16 [online] Available at: http://www.foodstandards.gov.scot/shellfish-classification-document-2015-16 (accessed 29/04/2015)

[131] SEPA (2011) Shellfish Growing Waters, Bay of Firth, Orkney Mainland [online] Available at: http://apps.sepa.org.uk/shellfish/pdf/23.pdf (accessed 02/02/2015)

[132] FSA (2015) Shellfish Classification Document 2015 – 16 [online] Available at: http://www.foodstandards.gov.scot/shellfish-classification-document-2015-16 (accessed 29/04/2015)

[133] OSPAR Commission (2010) Quality Status Report 2010 – Assessment of the Impact of Shipping on the Marine Environment [online] Available at: http://qsr2010.ospar.org/media/assessments/p00440_supplements/p00440_suppl_5_release_of_anti-fouling_chemicals.pdf (accessed 02/02/2015)

[134] Scottish Government (2011) Scotland’s Marine Atlas, Information for the national marine plan, Scottish Government pg 182.

[135] Advisory Committee on Protection of the Sea ( ACOPS) Annual survey of Reported Discharges attributed to vessels and offshore oil and gas installations operation in the United Kingdom Pollution Control Zone 2010 [online] Available at: http://www.acops.org.uk/documents/annual-marine-pollution-survey-2010.pdf (accessed 02/02/2015)

[136] Advisory Committee on Protection of the Sea ( ACOPS) Annual survey of Reported Discharges attributed to vessels and offshore oil and gas installations operation in the United Kingdom Pollution Control Zone 2010 [online] Available at: http://www.acops.org.uk/documents/annual-marine-pollution-survey-2010.pdf (accessed 02/02/2015).

[137] Marine Scotland (2012) Clean Seas [online] Available at: http://www.gov.scot/Topics/marine/marine-environment/ecosystems/cleanseas (accessed 02/02/2015)

[138] Scottish Government (2011) Scotland’s Marine Atlas, Information for the national marine plan, Scottish Government pg 066.

[139] Defra (2010) Charting Progress 2 [online] Available at: http://chartingprogress.defra.gov.uk/feeder/Section_3.16_Waste_Disposal.pdf (accessed 12/09/2014)

[140] Marine Scotland (2008) Scotland’s Seas: Towards Understanding their State [online] Available at: http://www.gov.scot/Publications/2008/04/03093608/15 (accessed 02/02/2015)

[141] OSPAR (2010) Quality Status Report 2010: Assessment of the impact of dumped conventional and chemical munitions [online] Available at: http://qsr2010.ospar.org/media/assessments/p00365_supplements/p00365_suppl_1_concerns.pdf (accessed 02/02/2015)

[142] DEFRA (2012) UK Climate Change Risk Assessment ( CCRA) [online] Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/uk-climate-change-risk-assessment-government-report (accessed 12/09/2014)

[143] Scotland’s Environment (2014) State of Coastal Waters [online] Available at: http://www.environment.scotland.gov.uk/our_environment/water/coastal_waters/description.aspx [accessed 12/09/2014]

[144] National Marine Plan Interactive [online] Available at: http://marinescotland.atkinsgeospatial.com/nmpi/#

[145] Marine Scotland (2015) Socio-economic Baseline Report for the Draft Pilot PFOW Marine Spatial Plan.

[146] Scottish Government (2011) Scotland’s Marine Atlas, Information for the national marine plan, Scottish Government, pg. 144-145.

[147] National Marine Plan Interactive [online] Available at: http://marinescotland.atkinsgeospatial.com/nmpi/#

[148] Marine Scotland (2015) Socio-economic Baseline Report for the Draft Pilot PFOW Marine Spatial Plan.

[149] The Scottish Government (2014) Aquaculture [online] Available at: http://www.gov.scot/Topics/marine/Fish-Shellfish (accessed 02/02/2015)

[150] Marine Scotland (2015) Socio-economic Baseline Report for the Draft Pilot PFOW Marine Spatial Plan.

[151] JNCC (undated) Vertebrate Species: Fish, 1106 Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar [online] Available at: http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/ProtectedSites/SACselection/species.asp?FeatureIntCode=S1106 (accessed 02/02/2015)

[152] Scottish Government (2011) Scotland’s Marine Atlas, Information for the national marine plan, Scottish Government, pg. 146-149.

[153] Scottish Government (2014) Salmon and sea trout catches 2013 [online] Available at: http://www.gov.scot/Topics/marine/Publications/stats/SalmonSeaTroutCatches/Final2013 (accessed 02/02/2015)

[154] Marine Scotland (2014) Scottish Salmon and Sea Trout Fishery Statistics [online] Available at: http://www.gov.scot/Topics/marine/Publications/stats/SalmonSeaTroutCatches (accessed 02/02/2015)

[155] Marine Scotland (2014) Scottish Salmon and Sea Trout Fishery Statistics [online] Available at: http://www.gov.scot/Topics/marine/Publications/stats/SalmonSeaTroutCatches (accessed 02/02/2015)

[156] Marine Scotland (2015) Socio-economic Baseline Report for the Draft Pilot PFOW Marine Spatial Plan.

[157] National Marine Plan Interactive [online] Available at: http://marinescotland.atkinsgeospatial.com/nmpi/ (accessed 03/02/2015)

[158] Marine Scotland (2015) Socio-economic Baseline Report for the Draft Pilot PFOW Marine Spatial Plan.

[159] Marine Scotland (2013) Planning Scotland's Seas: Draft Sectoral Marine Plans for Offshore Renewable Energy in Scottish Waters: Consultation Paper [online] Available at: http://www.gov.scot/publications/draft-sectoral-marine-plans-offshore-renewable-energy-scottish-waters-consultation/ (accessed 03/02/2015)

[160] Marine Scotland (2013) Planning Scotland's Seas: Draft Sectoral Marine Plans for Offshore Renewable Energy in Scottish Waters: Consultation Paper [online] Available at: http://www.gov.scot/publications/draft-sectoral-marine-plans-offshore-renewable-energy-scottish-waters-consultation/ (accessed 03/02/2015)

[161] The Scottish Government (2013) Marine Licensing, Current Projects [online] Available at: http://www.gov.scot/Topics/marine/Licensing/marine/scoping (accessed 03/02/2015)

[162] National Marine Plan Interactive [online] Available at: http://marinescotland.atkinsgeospatial.com/nmpi/ (accessed 03/02/2015)

[163] Marine Scotland (2015) Socio-economic Baseline Report for the Draft Pilot PFOW Marine Spatial Plan.

[164] Marine Scotland (2015) Socio-economic Baseline Report for the Draft Pilot PFOW Marine Spatial Plan.

[165] Scottish Government (2011) Scotland’s Marine Atlas, Information for the national marine plan, Scottish Government, pg. 152-155.

[166] Scottish Government (2011) Scotland’s Marine Atlas, Information for the national marine plan, Scottish Government, pg. 172-175.

[167] Scottish Government (2011) Scotland’s Marine Atlas, Information for the national marine plan, Scottish Government, pg. 172-175

[168] Marine Scotland (2015) Socio-economic Baseline Report for the Draft Pilot PFOW Marine Spatial Plan.

[169] Orkney Islands Council Marine Services (2014) [online] Available at: http://www.orkneyharbours.com/ (accessed 25/09/2014)

[170] Marine Scotland (2015) Socio-economic Baseline Report for the Draft Pilot PFOW Marine Spatial Plan.

[171] Highlands and Islands Enterprise (2014) Marine Renewables Infrastructure Plan ( M-RIP), the Highlands and Islands [online] Available at: http://blog.hi-energy.org.uk/pdf/M-RIP%20Report%202014.pdf (accessed 02/02/2015)

[172] Marine Scotland (2015) Socio-economic Baseline Report for the Draft Pilot PFOW Marine Spatial Plan.

[173] Safer Ships, Cleaner Seas. London: HMSO, 1994. Cm 2560. ISBN 0-10-125602-7.

[174] Department for Transport, Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (1994) Establishment of Marine Environmental High Risk Areas ( MEHRAs): Protection of United Kingdom Waters from Pollution from Ships [online] Available at: http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/+/http:/www.dft.gov.uk/pgr/shippingports/shipping/elc/secmehras/pdfmehras (accessed 02/02/2015)

[175] Marine Scotland (2015) Socio-economic Baseline Report for the Draft Pilot PFOW Marine Spatial Plan.

[176] Scottish Government (2011) Scotland’s Marine Atlas, Information for the national marine plan, Scottish Government, pg. 168-169.

[177] DECC (2010) Offshore Oil & Gas Licensing, 25th Seaward Round, West of Orkney and Wyville Thomson Ridge/Darwin Mounds area, Blocks 164/4, 164/5, 165/1, 174/28, 174/29, 174/30, 175/26, 201/5, 202/24, 202/25, 202/29, 202/30, 203/16, 203/21, 203/26, Phase 2 Screening/Appropriate Assessment, February 2010 [online] Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/198551/25th_Round_AA_-_WTR-DM___WofOrkney.pdf (accessed 02/02/2015)

[178] Scottish Government (2014) Zero Waste Towards A Litter-Free Scotland: A Strategic Approach to Higher Quality Local Environments [online] Available at: http://www.gov.scot/Resource/0045/00452542.pdf (accessed 03/02/2015)

[179] Scottish government (2014) A Marine Litter Strategy for Scotland [online] Available at: http://www.gov.scot/Publications/2014/09/4891 (accessed 03/02/2015)

[180] Scottish Government (2013) 2020 Challenge for Scotland’s Biodiversity [online] Available at: http://www.gov.scot/Resource/0042/00425276.pdf (accessed 03/02/2015)

[181] Transport Scotland (2013) Scottish Ferry Services: Ferries Plan (2013-2022) [online] Available at: http://www.transportscotland.gov.uk/report/j254579-00.htm (accessed 03/02/2015)

[182] The Community Empowerment (Scotland) Bill 2014 [online] Available at: http://www.gov.scot/Topics/People/engage (accessed 03/02/2015)

[183] Scottish Government (2014) Economic Strategy [online] Available at: http://www.gov.scot/Topics/Economy/EconomicStrategy (accessed 03/02/2015)

[184] Marine Scotland (2014) A Marine Litter Strategy for Scotland [online] Available at: http://www.gov.scot/Publications/2014/09/4891 (accessed 16/01/2015)

[185] Scottish Government (2012) Publications[online] Available at: http://www.gov.scot/Topics/Statistics/SIMD/Publications (28/01/2015)

[186] Scottish Government (2014) Fisheries Industry Science Alliance [online] Available at: http://www.gov.scot/Topics/marine/science/FISA (accessed 28/01/2015)