Publication - Impact assessment

Planning Scotland's Seas: 2013 - The Scottish Marine Protected Area Project – Developing the Evidence Base for Impact Assessments and the Sustainability Appraisal Final Report - Appendix E - Marine Site Reports

Published: 19 August 2013
Topic: Marine and fisheries
ISBN: 9781782567585

This is Appendix E for the pMPA Impact and Sustainability Report containing the detailed site by site reports. Published separately due to size.

Supporting documents

Rosemary Bank Seamount ( RBS)

Site Area (km ²): 7,413

Site Summary

Table 1. Summary of Proposed Protected Features, Data Confidence and Conservation Objectives					[ RBS]
Proposed protected features
Biodiversity Features Deep-sea sponge aggregations, seamount communities, seamounts Geodiversity Features Quaternary of Scotland - iceberg ploughmark field; Submarine Mass Movement - slide scars; Marine Geomorphology of the Scottish Deep Ocean Seabed - scour moats, sediment drifts, sediment wave fields; Cenozoic Structures of the Atlantic Margin - Rosemary Bank Seamount Site Description The Rosemary Bank Seamount MPA proposal is an offshore site located to the north-west of the Outer Hebrides. The MPA proposal boundary encompasses the geodiversity features representative of the Rosemary Bank Seamount and adjacent seafloor.
Summary of confidence in presence, extent and condition of proposed protected features and conservation objectives
Proposed Protected Feature	Estimated Area of Feature (by scenario) (km ²)	Confidence in Feature Presence	Confidence in Feature Extent	Confidence in Feature Condition	Conservation Objective and Risk
Biodiversity Features
Deep sea sponge aggregations	Lower: 1941.17 Intermediate: 1941.17 Upper: 4697.77	Yes (Marine Scotland Science surveys, up to 2012)	Partial - relatively sparse feature data	Low	Conserve (uncertain)
Seamount communities	Lower: 1941.17 Intermediate: 1941.17 Upper: 4697.77	Yes (camera and video data, 2006; coral species records, 1987 & 1979; Marine Scotland Science, 2012)	Partial - relatively sparse feature data	Low	Conserve (uncertain)
Seamounts		Yes ( BAS, 2003; UK SeaMap, 2010)	Yes	Low	Conserve (uncertain)
Geodiversity Features
Quaternary of Scotland - iceberg ploughmark field	257.96	Yes	Yes	Low	Conserve (uncertain)
Submarine Mass Movement - slide scars	76.34
Marine Geomorphology of the Scottish Deep Ocean Seabed - scour moats, sediment drifts, sediment wave fields	Scour moats: 901.18 Sediment drifts: 821.26 Sediment wave fields: 1119.77
Cenozoic Structures of the Atlantic Margin - Rosemary Bank Seamount	3820.92
Key: * Estimated area based on best available data References: Area of Features: GeMS Confidence in biodiversity feature presence and extent: JNCC (2012i) Confidence in biodiversity feature condition: JNCC (2013) pers. comm. Confidence in geodiversity feature presence and extent: Brooks et al. (2012) Confidence in geodiversity feature condition: Brooks et al. (2012)

Summary of Costs and Benefits

Table 2a. Site-Specific Economic Costs on Human Activities arising from the Designation and Management of the Site as an MPA (over 2014 to 2033 inclusive)			[ RBS]
Human Activity	Cost Impact on Activity
Human Activity	Lower Estimate (£Million)	Intermediate Estimate (£Million)	Upper Estimate (£Million)
Quantified Economic Costs (Discounted)
Commercial Fisheries*	0.070	1.415	2.596
Total Quantified Economic Costs	0.070	1.415	2.596
Non-Quantified Economic Costs
Commercial Fisheries	Displacement impacts	Loss of value of catches from non- UK vessels; and Displacement impacts	Loss of value of catches from non- UK vessels; and Displacement impacts
Note: For detailed information on economic cost impacts on activities, see Table 4. * These estimates (present value of total change in GVA) assume zero displacement of fishing activity and hence are likely to overestimate the costs.

Table 2b. Site-Specific Public Sector Costs arising from the Designation and Management of the Site as an MPA (over 2014 to 2033 inclusive)			[ RBS]
Description	Public Sector Costs
Description	Lower Estimate (£Million)	Intermediate Estimate (£Million)	Upper Estimate (£Million)
Quantified Public Sector Costs (Discounted)
Preparation of Marine Management Schemes	None	None	None
Preparation of Statutory Instruments	0.005	0.005	0.005
Development of voluntary measures	National assessment	National assessment	National assessment
Site monitoring	National assessment	National assessment	National assessment
Compliance and enforcement	National assessment	National assessment	National assessment
Promotion of public understanding	National assessment	National assessment	National assessment
Regulatory and advisory costs associated with licensing decisions	None	None	None
Total Quantified Public Sector Costs	0.005	0.005	0.005
Non-Quantified Public Sector Costs
None identified.

Table 2c. Summary of Social Impacts and Distribution of Quantified Impacts arising from the Designation and Management of the Site as an MPA (over 2014 to 2033 inclusive)										[ RBS]
Key Areas of Social Impact	Description	Scale of Expected Impact across Scenarios, Average (mean no. of jobs affected)	Distributional Analysis
			Location			Fishing Groups Predominantly Affected		Social Groups Affected
			Region	Port	Rural/ Urban/ Island	Gear Types Most Affected	Vessels most affected	Crofters	Ethnic minorities	With disability or long term sick
Employment with consequent impacts on: Health, Crime, Environment, and Culture and Heritage	Commercial fisheries - Loss of jobs (direct and indirect)	Lower: 0 job Intermediate: 2 jobs Upper: 4 jobs	West South West	Milford Haven Newlyn	Impacts concentrated in rural and urban coastal areas	Cannot be identified for confidentiality reasons.	Lower: <15m Upper: <15m (may be over-estimate)	No Impact.	No breakdown of fisherman employment by ethnic origin.	Unlikely to be employed in fisheries.
Note: For detailed information on socio-economic impacts by sector, see Table 7a. For more detailed information on distributional impacts of quantified costs by sector see Tables 7b and 7c.

Table 2d. Site-Specific Benefits arising from the Designation and Management of the Site as an MPA (over 2014 to 2033 inclusive)		[ RBS]
Benefit	Description
Ecosystem Services Benefits (Moderate and High Benefits)	Relevance	Scale of Benefits
Non-use value of natural environment	Nil - Low	Nil - Moderate
Other Benefits
None identified.
Note: For detailed information on ecosystem services benefits, see Tables 9 and 10. For detailed information on other benefits, see Table 5 (activities that would benefit) and Table 8 (contribution to ecologically-coherent network).

Summary of Overlaps and Interactions between Proposed Designated Features and Human Activities

Table 3. Overlaps and Potential Interactions between Features and Activities under different Scenarios, indicating need for Assessment of Cost Impacts on Human Activities from Designation of the Site as an MPA																	[ RBS]
	Aggregates	Aquaculture (Finfish)	Aquaculture (Shellfish)	Aviation	Carbon Capture & Storage	Coastal Protection	Commercial Fisheries	Energy Generation	Military Activities	Oil & Gas	Ports & Harbours	Power Interconnectors	Recreational Boating	Shipping	Telecom Cables	Tourism	Water Sports
Biodiversity Features
Deep sea sponge aggregations	-	-	-	-	-	-	L/I/U	-	-	L/I/U	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Seamount communities	-	-	-	-	-	-	L/I/U	-	-	L/I/U	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Seamounts	Not considered as thought to have a low sensitivity to pressures associated with human activity and also considered from a geodiversity context.
Geodiversity Features
Quaternary of Scotland - iceberg ploughmark field	Not considered as thought to have a low sensitivity/not be exposed to pressures associated with human activity and also considered from a geodiversity context.
Submarine Mass Movement - slide scars
Marine Geomorphology of the Scottish Deep Ocean Seabed - scour moats, sediment drifts, sediment wave fields
Cenozoic Structures of the Atlantic Margin - Rosemary Bank Seamount
Note: L = Lower Scenario; I = Intermediate Scenario; U = Upper Scenario. Normal font indicates that there is an overlap between the activity and proposed protected feature under that scenario, bold indicates that the overlap results in a potential interaction between the activity and proposed protected feature that has resulted in cost impacts under that scenario. For detail of management measures assessed under each scenario for each activity, and results of the cost estimates, see Table 4.

Human Activity Summaries

Human activities that would be impacted by designation of the site as an MPA

Table 4a. Commercial Fisheries (assuming zero displacement of fishing activity)			[ RBS]
According to VMS-based estimates and ICES rectangle landings statistics, pots, pelagic trawls and nets (over-15m) and otter trawlers (whitefish, nephrops and other), netters, potters, pelagic trawlers and liners (under-15m vessels (indicated from ICES rectangle landings data)) operate within the RBS proposed MPA. The value of catches from the RBS area for over-15m vessels ( VMS data) cannot be disclosed as there were fewer than 5 vessels. The value of catches for under-15m vessels was £298,000 (indicated from ICES rectangle landings data) (annual average for 2007-2011, 2012 prices). Landings from the over-15m vessels are predominantly into Corunna, Spain (48% by value) and Ijmuiden, The Netherlands (39%), with small amounts into Lochinver (6%), Marin (4%) and Ullapool (2%). For the over-15m fleet, pots operate in particular around the edge of the seamount, while nets operate mainly over the top of the seamount, across the area of deep sea sponge aggregations and seamount communities. The deep sea sponge aggregations and seamount communities are in the central area of the proposed MPA, with differing feature extents under the different scenarios (lower: where deep sea sponge aggregations have been recorded; intermediate: across seamount down to 1000m depth; upper: across full extent of seamount). Management measures for the scenarios have been developed based on the sensitivity and vulnerability of the features to the pressures caused by different gear types and based on JNCC recommendations. A lower scenario which excludes mobile bottom-contact gear usebut does not exclude static gear use on deep sea sponge aggregations and seamount communities has also been included. VMS ping data indicate that three non- UK vessels were active in the RBS area in 2012: one from each of the Faroe Islands, Germany and Norway. The German vessel fishes with lines and therefore would be affected by management measures assessed under the intermediate and upper scenarios. No information on gear types used by the Norwegian of Faroese vessels was available. Information submitted by the French ministry indicated that 6 vessels fished in the proposed MPA area in 2008. They were all >40m and were predominantly demersal trawlers, targeting black scabbardfish and grenadiers, with catches worth €1.361 million (in 2008). The vessels originated from Boulogne-sur-Mer, Lorient and Saint-Malo ports, but had their home ports at Lochinver, Ullapool, Boulogne-sur-Mer and Saint Malo. 5% of their turnover was dependent on fishing in the proposed MPA area, and they accounted for 138 FTE jobs on board. Their fishing activity was mainly in the northern part of the proposed MPA area, and therefore may not be affected by management measures under the lower scenario. Provisional ScotMap data do not indicate any under-15m vessel activity in the RBS proposed MPA. The cost estimates for the under-15m sector may be overestimates, as the 'under-15m' length group in the ICES rectangle landings data may include cases where information on vessel length and/or administrative port is missing from landings returns. Unlike most other sectors, the potential cost of designation on commercial fisheries is a loss or displacement of current (and future) output, caused by restrictions on fishing activities. Any decrease in output will, all else being equal, reduce the Gross Value Added ( GVA) generated by the sector and have knock-on effects on the GVA generated by those industries that supply commercial fishing vessels. The costs estimates for this sector have therefore been estimated in terms of GVA. GVA estimates have been generated by applying fleet segment-specific 'GVA/total income' ratios to the value of landings affected. The GVA ratios have been calculated using data on total income and GVA from the Sea Fish Industry Authority Multi-year Fleet Economic Performance Dataset (published March 2013). Further details on the GVA ratios and the methodology for estimating GVA and employment impacts applied are presented in Appendix C7. It is important to note that all costs presented below assume that all affected landings are lost, that is, there is no displacement of fishing activity to alternative fishing grounds. In reality, some displacement is likely to occur and hence the cost, GVA and employment impacts presented in this table are likely to overestimate the costs.
Economic Costs on the Activity of Designation of the Site as an MPA
	Lower Estimate	Intermediate Estimate	Upper Estimate
Assumptions for cost impacts	Closure to mobile bottom contact gears (whitefish, nephrops and other trawls and seines, beam trawls, and dredges) across deep sea sponge aggregations and seamount communities.	Closure to all bottom contact gear (static and mobile) (whitefish, nephrops and other trawls and seines, beam trawls, and dredges, nets, lines and pots) across a portion of the seamount area (down to 1000m).	Closure to all bottom contact gear (static and mobile) (whitefish, nephrops and other trawls and seines, beam trawls, and dredges, nets, lines and pots) across the whole seamount area.
Description of one-off costs	None.	None.	None.
Description of recurring costs	Loss of >15m fishing income (annual values, £ million, 2012 prices): None. Loss of <15m fishing income (annual values, £ million, 2012 prices): All affected gears (0.009).	Loss of >15m fishing income (annual values, £ million, 2012 prices): All affected gears (fewer than 5 vessels; value not presented). Loss of <15m fishing income (annual values, £ million, 2012 prices): All affected gears (0.124).	Loss of >15m fishing income (annual values, £ million, 2012 prices): All affected gears (fewer than 5 vessels; value not presented). Loss of <15m fishing income (annual values, £ million, 2012 prices): All affected gears (0.273).
Description of non-quantified costs	Displacement effects, including conflict with other fishing vessels, environmental impacts in targeting new areas, longer steaming times and increased fuel costs, changes in costs and earnings, gear development and adaptation costs, and additional quota costs.	Loss of value of catches from non- UK vessels using bottom contact gears in the proposed MPA (Germany (1 vessel), possibly Norway (1 vessel) and Faroe Islands (1 vessel)); and Displacement effects, including conflict with other fishing vessels, environmental impacts in targeting new areas, longer steaming times and increased fuel costs, changes in costs and earnings, gear development and adaptation costs, and additional quota costs.	Loss of value of catches from non- UK vessels using bottom contact gears in the proposed MPA (Germany (1 vessel), possibly Norway (1 vessel) and Faroe Islands (1 vessel)); and Displacement effects, including conflict with other fishing vessels, environmental impacts in targeting new areas, longer steaming times and increased fuel costs, changes in costs and earnings, gear development and adaptation costs, and additional quota costs.
Quantified Costs on the Activity of Designation of the Site as an MPA (£Million)
Total costs (2014-2033)	*	*	*
Average annual costs	*	*	*
Present value of total costs (2014-2033)	*	*	*
Economic Impacts (£Million)
Total change in GVA (2014-2033)	0.096	1.924	3.529
Average annual change to GVA	0.005	0.096	0.176
Present value of total change in GVA (2014-2033)	0.070	1.415	2.596
Direct and Indirect reduction in Employment	0.1 jobs	1.9 jobs	4.1 jobs
* Value for non- VMS vessels only. VMS data represents less than 5 vessels and therefore cannot be disclosed. Total costs = Sum of one-off costs and recurring costs for the site summed over the 20 year period. Average annual costs = Total costs divided by the total number of years under analysis ( i.e. 20). Present value of total costs = Total costs discounted to their current value, using a discount rate of 3.5%. Total change in GVA (2014-2033) = The change in direct GVA in the sector for the site summed over the 20 year period. Average annual change to GVA = Total change in direct GVA in the sector for the site divided by the total number of years under analysis ( i.e. 20). Present value of total change in GVA (2014-2033) = Total change in direct GVA in the sector for the site discounted to current value, using a discount rate of 3.5%. Direct and Indirect reduction in Employment = The average (mean) reduction in direct employment in the sector plus the indirect reduction in employment on the sector's suppliers.

Human activities that would benefit from designation of the site as an MPA

Table 5. Human Activities that would Benefit from Designation of the Site as an MPA			[ RBS]
Activity	Lower Estimate	Intermediate Estimate	Upper Estimate
None identified.

Human activities that are present but which would be unaffected by designation of the site as an MPA

Table 6. Human Activities that are Present but which would be Unaffected by Designation of the Site as an MPA [ RBS]
Activity	Description
Oil and Gas	There is currently no oil and gas activity within the RBS proposed MPA boundary, although licence blocks were offered in the 27 ^th licensing round that overlap with features under the all scenarios, but not accepted. With no awarded licence blocks or significant discoveries within the RBS proposed MPA boundary, it is unlikely that any future activity will occur and, therefore, no cost assessments have been made.

Table 6. Human Activities that are Present but which would be Unaffected by Designation of the Site as an MPA [ RBS]

Activity

Description

Oil and Gas

There is currently no oil and gas activity within the RBS proposed MPA boundary, although licence blocks were offered in the 27 ^th licensing round that overlap with features under the all scenarios, but not accepted. With no awarded licence blocks or significant discoveries within the RBS proposed MPA boundary, it is unlikely that any future activity will occur and, therefore, no cost assessments have been made.

Social and Distributional Analysis of Impacts from Designation of the Site as an MPA

Table 7a. Social Impacts Associated with Quantified and Non-Quantified Economic Costs					[ RBS]
Sector	Potential Economic Impacts	Economic Costs and GVA ( PV)	Area of Social Impact Affected	Mitigation	Significance of Social impact
Commercial Fisheries	Loss of traditional fishing grounds with consequent loss in landings, value of landings and hence GVA	Annual Average Loss in Value of Landings: Cannot be disclosed for reasons of confidentiality. Annual Average Loss in GVA (direct and indirect): Lower: <£0.01m Intermediate: £0.10m Upper: £0.18m	Culture and heritage - impact on traditions from loss of fishing grounds.		Health: xx (for individuals affected who do not find alternative employment)
	If the loss in GVA significant enough, risk of job losses (direct and indirect)	Job Losses*: Lower: 0.1 jobs Intermediate: 1.9 jobs Upper: 4.1 jobs	A reduction in employment can generate a wide range of social impacts which, in turn, can generate a range of short and long term costs for wider society and the public purse: Healt h (increase in illness, mental stress, loss of self esteem and risk of depression); Increase in crime; and Reduction in f u ture emp lo y me n t prospects/future earnings.	Support to retrain those affected and for the promotion of new small businesses in fisheries dependent areas.
	Loss of value of catches from non- UK vessels using bottom contact gears in the proposed MPA (Germany (1 vessel), possibly Norway (1 vessel) and Faroe Islands (1 vessel))	Not quantified	Employment - loss of foreign jobs from reduced landings.
	Displacement Effects	Not quantified	Quantified impact on jobs assume worst case scenario ( i.e. no redistribution of effort). In reality displacement effects likely to occur with socio-economic consequences: Empl o y m e nt - reduced employment due to changes in costs and earnings profile of vessels ( e.g. increased fuel costs, gear development and adaption costs, additional quota costs); Conflict/Loss of social cohesion - diminishing fishing grounds may increase conflict with other vessels/gear types, increase social tensions within fishing communities and lead to a loss of social cohesion among fleets. Could also lead to increased operating costs as a result of lost or damaged gear. Equally, gear conflict could reduce where gears are restricted/prohibited; Healt h - increased risks to the safety of fishers and vessels and increased stress due to moving to lesser known areas; E n v ironmental - increased impact in targeting new areas, longer streaming times and increased fuel consumption; and Cul t ur e a nd her i tag e - change in traditional fishing patterns/ activities.		xx
Impacts: xxx - significant negative effect; xx - possible negative effects; x - minimal negative effect, if any; 0 - no noticeable effect expected. * These estimates assume zero displacement of fishing activity and hence are likely to overestimate the costs.

Table 7b. Distribution of Quantified Economic Costs for Commercial Fisheries and Fish Processors (assuming zero displacement of fishing activity) - Location, Age and Gender								[ RBS]
Sector/Impact	Location			Age			Gender
Sector/Impact	Region	Ports*	Rural, Urban, Coastal or Island	Children	Working Age	Pensionable Age	Male	Female
Commercial Fisheries Reduction in landed value, GVA and employment	xx (Milford Haven and Newlyn)	xx Largest employment impacts in: Milford Haven (81%), Newlyn (19%)	xx Coastal	xxx Potentially significant negative effect if parent loses job/becomes unemployed.	xxx Potentially significant negative effect if individuals lose job/become unemployed	xx Potential negative effect if retirees own affected vessels or live in households affected by unemployment.	xxx 0.1-4 job losses Potentially significant negative effect on individuals that lose job/become unemployed.	xxx Potentially significant negative effect if member of household loses job/ becomes unemployed.
Fish Processors Reduction in local landings at landing ports	x North-West	x Corunna Marin Lochinver Ullapool	x Coastal Rural	0	0	0	0	0
Impacts: xxx - significant negative effect; xx - possible negative effects; x - minimal negative effect, if any; 0 - no noticeable effect expected. * Based on value of landings by home port affected under intermediate scenario.

Table 7c. Distribution of Quantified Economic Costs for Commercial Fisheries and Fish Processors (assuming zero displacement of fishing activity) - Fishing Groups, Income Groups and Social Groups								[ RBS]
Sector/Impact	Fishing Groups		Income Groups			Social Groups
Sector/Impact	Vessel Category <15m >15m*	Gear Types/Sector*	10% Most Deprived	Middle 80%	10% Most Affluent	Crofters	Ethnic minorities	With Disability or Long-term Sick
Commercial Fisheries Reduction in landed value, GVA and employment	Lower: <15m Upper: <15m (may be over-estimate)	Can not be identified for confidentiality reasons.	xx	xx	x Information only available on average incomes not the distribution of income. Therefore, not clear whether this group will be affected.	0	No breakdown of fisherman employment by ethnic origin.	0 No employment data but unlikely to be employed in fisheries.
Fish Processors Reduction in local landings at landing ports		Shellfish: xxx Demersal: xx Pelagic: 0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Impacts: xxx - significant negative effect; xx - possible negative effects; x - minimal negative effect, if any; 0 - no noticeable effect expected. * Based on costs to gear types/sectors and vessel categories affected under the intermediate scenario

Potential Contribution of the Site to an Ecologically-Coherent Network

Table 8. Overview of Features Proposed for Designation and how these contribute to an Ecologically Coherent Network of MPAs					[ RBS]
Feature Name	Representation	Replication	Linkages	Geographic Range and Variation	Resilience
Deep sea sponge aggregations	Provides representation for deep sea sponge aggregations in OSPAR Region V.	Provides one of at least three recommended examples to be protected in Scotland's seas.	Not currently understood for deep sea sponge aggregations.	Provides representation of an ecologically distinct type of deep sea sponge aggregation to those in the Faroe-Shetland Channel in OSPAR Region II and Hatton-Rockall Basin in OSPAR Region V. This type of deep sea sponge aggregation is only recorded in this location and not anywhere else in Scotland's seas.	Deep sea sponge aggregations are considered to be Threatened and/or Declining by the OSPAR Commission in OSPAR Region V so the MPA is expected to help increase resilience for the feature.
Seamount communities	Provides representation for Seamount communities in OSPAR Region V.	Provides one of at least three recommended examples to be protected in Scotland's seas.	Not currently understood for seamount communities.	There are three seamounts recorded in Scotland's seas and these only occur within OSPAR Region V. MPA recommendations, considered alongside the existing MPA network, will mean the inclusion of all three seamounts in Scotland's seas in the resultant MPA network.	Seamount communities are considered to be Threatened and/or Declining by the OSPAR Commission in OSPAR Region V so the MPA is expected to help increase resilience for the feature.
Seamounts	Provides representation for Seamounts in OSPAR Region V.	Provides one of at least two recommended examples to be protected in Scotland's seas.	The Rosemary Bank seamount is considered to be of wider functional significance to the health and diversity of Scotland's seas, e.g. enhanced biodiversity resulting from mixing caused by the interaction between the seamount and oceanic currents, increased productivity, and as feeding grounds for fish and marine mammals.	There are three seamounts recorded in Scotland's seas and these only occur within OSPAR Region V. MPA recommendations, considered alongside the existing MPA network, will mean the inclusion of all three seamounts in Scotland's seas in the resultant MPA network.	Seamounts are only distributed in OSPAR Region V in Scotland's seas.
JNCC (pers. comm.); SNH and JNCC. (2012). Assessment of the potential adequacy of the Scottish MPA network for MPA search features: summary of the application of the stage 5 selection guidelines. Available online from: http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/marine/marine-environment/mpanetwork/engagement/270612.

Anticipated Benefits to Ecosystem Services

Table 9. Summary of Ecosystem Services Benefits arising from Designation of the Site as an MPA ^[29]								[ RBS]
Services	Relevance to Site	Baseline Level	Estimated Impacts of Designation			Value Weighting	Scale of Benefits	Confidence
Services	Relevance to Site	Baseline Level	Lower	Intermediate	Upper	Value Weighting	Scale of Benefits	Confidence
Fish for human consumption	Moderate. Habitats make contribution to food webs.	Stocks not at MSY	Low - possible small recovery of fish stocks in medium/long term	Low - possible recovery of fish stocks in medium/long term. Features provide low level of supporting services to support recovery		Moderate - value of landings	Low	Low
Fish for non-human consumption	Moderate. Habitats make contribution to food webs.	Stocks reduced from potential maximum				Moderate - value of landings	Low	Low
Gas and climate regulation	Nil - Low	Nil - Low	Nil, or at best a very low level of protection of parts of ecosystem providing these services			Low	Nil - Low	High
Natural hazard protection	Nil - Low	Nil - Low				Low	Nil - Low	High
Regulation of pollution	Nil - Low	Nil - Low				Low	Nil - Low	High
Non-use value of natural environment	Low - Moderate	Low - Moderate	Nil	Low	Low - Moderate	Low	Nil - Moderate	Low
Recreation	Minimal	Minimal	Nil	Nil	Nil	Minimal	Minimal	Moderate
Research and Education	Low - Moderate, features protected (esp. seamounts) of research interest	Minimal	Nil	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
Total value of changes in ecosystem services			Fisheries likely to drive benefits from scenario ranging from low to moderate benefits.				Low - Moderate	Low

Human Activities which Occur within the Proposed MPA Rosemary Bank Seamount

Fishing Activities which Occur within the Proposed MPA Rosemary Bank Seamount

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Rosemary Bank Seamount ( RBS)

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