Highly Protected Marine Areas - policy framework and site selection guidelines: strategic environmental asessment

Footnotes

1. Scottish Government (2021) Scottish Government and Scottish Green Party Shared Policy Programme: Working together to build a greener, fairer, independent Scotland (accessed 04/07/2022)

2. Ibid (accessed 04/07/2022)

3. Ibid (accessed 04/07/2022)

4. NatureScot (2021) The MPA Network (accessed 04/07/2022)

5. Environmental Assessment (Scotland) Act 2005, asp 15 Available at: accessed 04/07/2022)

6. Historic Environment Scotland (HES), NatureScot and Scottish Environment Protection Agency (SEPA).

7. ibid

8. Scottish Government (2021) Scottish Government and Scottish Green Party Shared Policy Programme: Working together to build a greener, fairer, independent Scotland (accessed 04/07/2022)

9. Ibid.

10. Scottish Government (2021) Scottish Government and Scottish Green Party Shared Policy Programme: Working together to build a greener, fairer, independent Scotland (accessed 04/07/2022)

11. European Commission (2020) Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030 (accessed 06/07/2022)

12. IUCN (2008) Guidelines for Applying the IUCN Protected Area Management Categories to Marine Protected Areas (accessed 06/07/2022)

13. Scottish Government (2012) A Strategy for Marine Nature Conservation in Scotland's Seas (accessed 06/07/2022)

14. NatureScot (2021) The MPA Network (accessed 05/07/2022)

15. NatureScot (2022) Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) (accessed 05/07/2022)

16. JNCC (2022) Marine Protected Area Advice (accessed 05/07/2022)

17. Although it is proposed that Soil, Water and Climatic Factors be scoped in under 'Biodiversity, Flora and Fauna', relevant policies relating to each are presented under their own headings for clarity.

18. Environmental Assessment (Scotland) Act 2005. Schedule 3 Information for Environmental Reports (accessed 06/07/2022)

19. Marine Scotland (2022) SEA of Policy Framework and Site Selection Guidelines for Highly Protected Marine Areas – Strategic Environmental Assessment Screening and Scoping Report August 2022.

20. The SEA objective used in previous and ongoing SEAs that have been undertaken by the Scottish Government (Section 6) "To safeguard and enhance marine ecosystems…" has been amended to reflect more closely the terminology that has been used in the draft Policy Framework.

21. Scottish Government (2013) Planning Scotland's Seas: 2013 – Possible Nature Conservation Marine Protected Areas Consultation Overview – Strategic Environmental Assessment Report Available at: (accessed 20/01/2022)

22. Scottish Government (2014) 2014 Consultation on the Management of Inshore Special Areas of Conservation and Marine Protected Areas Overview (accessed 20/01/2022)

23. Scottish Government (2014) MPA/SAC Consultation Environmental Assessment (accessed 20/01/2022)

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26. Marine Scotland (2019) Proposed Deep Sea Marine Reserve Strategic Environmental Assessment Environmental Report (accessed 20/01/2022)

27. Marine Scotland (2018) SEA of Proposed Inshore PMF Management Measures Strategic Environmental Assessment Screening and Scoping Report (accessed 20/01/2022)

28. Scottish Government (2013) Planning Scotland's Seas: Draft Sectoral Marine Plans for Offshore Renewable Energy in Scottish Waters – Strategic Environmental Assessment: Environmental Report and Appendix A (accessed 20/01/2022)

29. Scottish Government (2019) SEA of Sectoral Marine Plan for Offshore Wind Energy Strategic Environmental Assessment Environmental Report (accessed 20/01/2022)

30. Scottish Government (2014) Management Proposals of Inshore Fisheries Groups: Strategic Environmental Assessment Post Adoption Statement (accessed 20/01/2022)

31. Scottish Government (2016) Wild seaweed harvesting: strategic environmental assessment - environmental report (accessed 20/01/2022)

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33. OSPAR. 2017. Condition of Benthic Habitat Communities: Subtidal habitats of the Southern North Sea (accessed 19/07/22)

34. UK Marine Monitoring and Assessment Strategy (UKMMAS) (2010) Charting Progress 2: An assessment of the state of UK seas.

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39. Priede, I.G. (2018) Deep sea Fishes Literature Review. JNCC Report No. 619. JNCC, Peterborough. ISSN 0963-8091

40. OSPAR commission, 2019. List of Threatened and / or Declining Species and Habitats (accessed 28.02.2022)

41. Marine Scotland (2011) Scotland's Marine Atlas: Information for The National Marine Plan.

42. ibid.

43. Scottish Government, 2011, Scotland's Marine Atlas: Information for the National Marine Plan.

44. JNCC (2022) Seabird Monitoring. (accessed 19/08/2022)

45. Nature Scot (2022) Highly pathogenic avian influenza (bird flu) - Guidance for site managers. (accessed 19/08/2022)

46. Nature Scot (2020) NatureScot has today welcomed the designation of 12 Special Protection Areas (SPAs) and four Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in Scotland's seas. (accessed 21/02/2022)

47. JNCC (2022) Nature Conservation Marine Protected Areas (accessed 19/08/2022)

48. NatureScot (2022) Fair Isle MPA (accessed 07/09/2022)

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50. Scottish Government (2022) Ramsar sites contributing to the MPA Network (accessed 18/02/2022)

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52. The Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2017, the Conservation of Offshore Marine Habitats and Species Regulations 2017, and the Offshore Petroleum Activities (Conservation of Habitats) Regulations 2001 are collectively known as the Habitats Regulations

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57. Scottish Government (2019) GeMS – Scottish Priority Marine Features (PMF). Version 10 iteration 26 (accessed 15/07/2022).

58. Scottish Government (2016) Inshore MPAs/SACs (accessed 18/01/2022)

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64.Taken from Marine Scotland (2008) Scotland's Seas: Towards Understanding their State, Chapter 2.

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67. Holmes, R., Cooper, R. & Jones, S. (2003). DTI Strategic Environmental Assessment Area 4 (SEA4): Continental shelf seabed geology and processes. British Geological Survey Commercial Report CR/03/081.

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70. Marine Scotland (2011) Scotland's Marine Atlas: Information for The National Marine Plan

71. Holmes, R., Fraser, J., Gunn, V., Henni, P., Jacobs, C., Shannon, P. & Unnithan, V. (2002). DTI Strategic Environmental Assessment Area 7 (SEA7) Geological Metadata. British Geological Survey, Commissioned Report CR/02/275, 123pp.

72. Holmes, R., Cooper, R. & Jones, S. (2003). DTI Strategic Environmental Assessment Area 4 (SEA4): Continental shelf seabed geology and processes. British Geological Survey Commercial Report CR/03/081.

73. Masson, D.G. (2003). Seafloor sediments and sedimentary processes on the outer continental shelf, continental slope and basin floor. DTI SEA4 Report, 49pp. accessed 22/08/2022)

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75. Barchan sand dunes are crescent-shaped and can be found in high-energy areas. The 'horns' of the crescent face down current. The dunes may be up to 120 m across and the slopes can support abundant fauna such as sea pens and anemones.

76. Mud diapirs are vertical intrusions of mud through fractures or zones of weakness of over-lying brittle rock layers. The resulting structures can be mushroom-shaped, mound-like or elongated 'dykes' depending on the geological materials involved.

77. Bett, B.J. (2012). Seafloor biotope analysis of the deep waters of the SEA4 region of Scotland's seas. JNCC Report No. 472, JNCC, Peterborough, ISSN 0963-8091. (accessed 22/08/2022)

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93. ibid

94. Kröger S, Parker R, Cripps G & Williamson P (Eds.) 2018. Shelf Seas: The Engine of Productivity, Policy Report on NERC-Defra Shelf Sea Biogeochemistry programme. Cefas, Lowestoft. DOI: 10.14465/2018.ssb18.pbd

95. Burrows, M.T., Hughes, D.J., Austin, W.E.N., Smeaton, C., Hicks, N., Howe, J.A., Allen, C., Taylor, P. & Vare, L.L. 2017. Assessment of Blue Carbon Resources in Scotland's Inshore Marine Protected Area Network. Scottish Natural Heritage Commissioned Report No. 957.

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100. Kerwath, S.E., Winker, H., Götz, A. and Attwood, C.G., 2013. Marine protected area improves yield without disadvantaging fishers. Nature Communications, 4, p.2347.

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103. Although it is proposed that Soil, Water and Climatic Factors be scoped in under 'Biodiversity, Flora and Fauna', relevant policies relating to each are presented under their own headings for ease of reading.

104. European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 (accessed 0607/2022)

105. Scottish Government (undated). Marine environment: Conservation (MPAs) (accessed 06/07/2022)

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111. ibid

112. OSPAR Commission (undated) OSPAR Convention (accessed 05/07/2022)

113. OSPAR Commission (undated) Marine Protected Areas (accessed 06/07/2022)

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120. ibid

121. ibid

122. Scottish Government (2017) Marine (Scotland) Act (accessed 08/07/2022)

123. ibid

124. Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009 (accessed 24/01/2022)

125. HM Government (2011) UK Marine Policy Statement (accessed 24/01/2022)

126. Scottish Government (2015) Scotland's National Marine Plan – A Single Framework for Managing Our Seas (accessed 06/07/2022)

127. Directive 2014/89/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 July 2014 establishing a framework for maritime spatial planning (accessed 06/07/2022)

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131. Scottish Government (2021) Scottish Government and Scottish Green Party Shared Policy Programme: Working together to build a greener, fairer, independent Scotland (accessed 08/07/2022)

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133. Convention on Biological Diversity (2022) The Convention on Biological Diversity (accessed 11/07/2022)

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135. ibid

136. NatureScot (2021) Countdown to COP15 (accessed 06/07/2022)

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139. OSPAR Commission (undated) Marine Protected Areas (accessed 06/07/2022)

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142. The Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2017, the Conservation of Offshore Marine Habitats and Species Regulations 2017, and the Offshore Petroleum Activities (Conservation of Habitats) Regulations 2001 are collectively known as the Habitats Regulations

143. The Conservation of Habitats and Species (Amendment) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (accessed 07/07/2022)

144. Scottish Government (2020). EU Exit: habitats regulations in Scotland (accessed 07/07/2022)

145. ibid

146. ibid

147. Scottish Government (2013) 2020 Challenge for Scotland's Biodiversity: A Strategy for the conservation and enhancement of biodiversity in Scotland (accessed 07/07/2022)

148. Convention on Biological Diversity (2010) Aichi Biodiversity Targets (accessed 07/07/2022)

149. European Commission (2011) The European Biodiversity Strategy to 2020 (accessed 07/07/2022)

150. Scottish Government (2011) A Strategy for Marine Nature Conservation in Scotland's Seas (accessed 06/07/2022)

151. ibid

152. Scottish Government (2020). Scottish biodiversity strategy post-2020: statement of intent (accessed 06/07/2022)

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155. Nature Scot (undated). Scotland's Biodiversity Strategy Consultation (accessed 06/07/2022)

156. Scottish Government (2009) The Scottish Soil Framework (accessed 07/07/2022)

157. ibid

158. SNH (2013) The selection of Nature Conservation Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in Scotland - assessment of geodiversity interests. Commissioned Report No. 633 (accessed 07/07/2022)

159. SNH (2017) Sites of Special Scientific Interest (accessed 04/06/2018)

160. ibid

161. UKMMAS (undated) Introduction to UK Marine Strategy (accessed 07/07/2022)

162. Defra (2019) Marine Strategy Part One: UK updated assessment and Good Environmental Status October 2019 (accessed 07/07/2022)

163. ibid

164. SEPA (undated) Water (accessed 08/07/2022)

165. The Pollution Prevention and Control (Scotland) Regulations 2012, SSI No. 360 (accessed 08/07/2022)

166. UKMMAS (2021). Introduction to UK Marine Strategy (accessed 06/07/2022)

167. UKMMAS (undated) Introduction to UK Marine Strategy (accessed 07/07/2022)

168. Defra (2019) Marine Strategy Part One: UK updated assessment and Good Environmental Status October 2019 (accessed 07/07/2022)

169. UNFCCC (2016) The Paris Agreement (accessed 07/07/2022)

170. European Commission (2016) Paris Agreement (accessed 07/07/2022)

171. ibid

172. UK Government (2022) Policy paper: British energy security strategy (accessed 11/07/2022)

173. ibid

174. Climate Change (Emissions Reduction Targets) (Scotland) Act 2019 (accessed 07/07/2022)

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177. Marine (Scotland) Act 2010, asp 5 (accessed 07/07/2022)

178. Scottish Government (2015) Scotland's National Marine Plan (accessed 07/07/2022)

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