Prohibition of the sale and supply of single-use vapes: strategic environmental assessment - environmental report

Footnotes

1 Use of e-cigarettes among adults in Great Britain. ASH, 2023

2 Equality, Opportunity, Community: Our Programme for Government, Scottish Government, 2023

3 Scoping policy options for Scotland focusing on understanding and managing the environmental impact of single-use e-cigarettes. Hogg, D., 2023

4 Creating a smokefree generation and tackling youth vaping. Department of Health and Social Care, The Scottish Government, Welsh Government, and Department of Health (Northern Ireland), 2023

5 Creating a smokefree generation and tackling youth vaping consultation: government response. Department of Health and Social Care, The Scottish Government, Welsh Government, and Department of Health (Northern Ireland), 2023

6 Stopping the start: our new plan to create a smokefree generation, Department of Health & Social Care, 2023

7 Use of e-cigarettes (vapes) among young people in Great Britain. ASH, 2023

8 N.B. These figures include embodied carbon from the raw material extraction and production of single-use vapes.

9 Use of e-cigarettes among adults in Great Britain. ASH, 2023

10 The Scottish Health Survey 2022 – volume 1: main report. Scottish Government, 2023.

11 Trends in electronic cigarette use in Scotland. Smoking in Scotland portal. Updated 18 January 2024.

12 Who would be affected by a ban on disposable vapes? A population study in Great Britain. Sarah E. Jackson, Harry Tattan-Birch, Lion Shahab, Melissa Oldham, Dimitra Kale, Leonie Brose, Jamie Brown, 2024

13 Vaping – Effectiveness as a cessation tool: evidence briefing. Scottish Government, 2024

14 Vaping – Health harms: evidence briefing. Scottish Government, 2024

15 ibid

16 Use of e-cigarettes among young people in Great Britain, ASH, 2023

17 Use of e-cigarette (vapes) among adults in Great Britain. ASH, 2023

18 ibid

19 50% of users mainly used an ‘electronic cigarette that is rechargeable and has a tank or reservoir that you fill with liquids’ and 17% of users mainly used an ‘electronic cigarette kit that is rechargeable with replaceable pre-filled cartridges’

20 Vapes that are rechargeable and not refillable or that are refillable and not rechargeable, are still considered disposable or ‘single-use’ even though the lifetime of the vape can be extended through refilling or recharging it.

21 Analysis of the Market for Vapes, Eunomia 2023

22 Use of e-cigarettes among young people in Great Britain. ASH, 2023,

23 Vaping addiction soon takes hold. NHS Inform campaign, access online 15 March 2024

24 ASH Scotland’s literature review for NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde’s Tobacco Planning and Implementation Group Review of current evidence: Young people and e-cigarettes September 2023

25 Use of vapes among young people in Great Britain, ASH 2023

26 Creating a smokefree generation and tackling youth vaping: what you need to know, Department of Health and Social Care, 2024

27 Use of vapes among young people in Great Britain, ASH 2023

28 Material Focus, 2023, Number of disposable single-use vapes thrown away have in a year quadrupled to 5 million per week

29 Material Focus, 2022, Over 700 fires in bin lorries and recycling centres are caused by batteries many of which are hidden inside electricals

30 Youth vaping: call for evidence Office for Health Improvement & Disparities, 2023

31 Scoping policy options for Scotland focusing on understanding and managing the environmental impact of single-use e-cigarettes Hogg, D., 2023,

32 Number of disposable single-use vapes thrown away have in a year quadrupled to 5 million per week. Material Focus, 2023

33 Scoping policy options for Scotland focusing on understanding and managing the environmental impact of single-use e-cigarettes. Hogg, D., 2023,)

34 Dismantling a growing problem. Valpak, 2023,

35 Disposable vapes – a challenge to the recycling sector. IEMA, 2022,

36 Analysis of the Market for Vapes, Eunomia, 2023

37 Agency sets out vapes recycling stance, WastePack, 2023

38 Resilience for the Future: The UK’s Critical Raw Materials Strategy

39 The Role of Critical Minerals in Clean Energy Transitions, World Energy Outlook. International Energy Agency, 2021

40 Number of disposable single-use vapes thrown away have in a year quadrupled to 5 million per week. Material Focus media release, 2023

41 Hogg, D., 2023, Scoping policy options for Scotland focusing on understanding and managing the environmental impact of single-use e-cigarettes

42 Creating a smokefree generation and tackling youth vaping: your views - GOV.UK (www.gov.uk)

43 Youth vaping: call for evidence. Office for Health Improvement & Disparities, 2023,

44 Youth vaping: Summary of responses and government response. Department for Environment, Food, & Rural Affairs, 2023

45 The Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Regulations 2013. UK Government, 2013,

46 Number of disposable single-use vapes thrown away have in a year quadrupled to 5 million per week. Material Focus, 2023

47 Consultation on reforming the producer responsibility system for waste electrical and electronic equipment 2023. Department for Environment, Food, & Rural Affairs, 2023,

48 Vaping Products Duty Consultation, UK Government, 2024

49 Environmental Assessment (Scotland) Act 2005

50 Analysis of the Market for Vapes. Eunomia, 2023

51 Scoping policy options for Scotland focusing on understanding and managing the environmental impact of single-use e-cigarettes, Dominic Hogg, 2023

52 Equality, Opportunity, Community: Our Programme for Government, Scottish Government, 2023

53 Tobacco and Vaping Framework: roadmap to 2034, Scottish Government, 2023

54 Vaping – Health harms: evidence briefing. Scottish Government, 2024

55 Stopping the start: our new plan to create a smokefree generation, Department of Health & Social Care, 2023

56 Creating a smokefree generation and tackling youth vaping consultation: government response, Department of Health (Northern Ireland), Department of Health & Social Care, Scottish Government, and Welsh Government, 2024

57 Creating a smokefree generation and tackling youth vaping consultation: government response, Department of Health and Social Care, The Scottish Government, Welsh Government, and Department of Health (Northern Ireland), 2023

58 Vaping Products Duty Consultation, UK Government, 2024

59 Regulation (Eu) 2023/1542 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 July 2023 Concerning Batteries and Waste Batteries, Amending Directive 2008/98/Ec, Official Journal of the European Union, 2023

60 Disposable vapes FAQs, Local Government Association, 2024

61 Tobacco Control Laws - Bans on e-cigarettes, Finland. Live Search

62 Tobacco Control Laws - Bans on e-cigarettes, China. Live Search

63 Vaping, herbal smoking and smokeless tobacco products regulation, New Zealand Ministry of Health, 2024.

64 About vaping and e-cigarettes, Department of Health and Aged Care, Australian Government, 2023.

65 Tobacco Control Laws - Bans on e-cigarettes, Live Search

66 SEPA Guidance: Classification of WEEE – Hazardous Substances and Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), SEPA, 2022

67 The Stockholm Convention, United Nations Environment Programme, 2019

68 The Persistent Organic Pollutants Regulations 2007, UK Government, 2007

69 Classification of WEEE – Hazardous Substances and Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), SEPA, 2022

70 Developing the UK Emissions Trading Scheme (UK ETS), UK Government, 2022

71 Developing the UK Emissions Trading Scheme: Main Response, UK Government, the Scottish Government, the Welsh Government and the Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs for Northern Ireland, 2023

72 Circular Economy (Scotland) Bill, The Scottish Parliament, 2023

73 ibid

74 Consultation on reforming the producer responsibility system for waste electrical and electronic equipment 2023, Department for Environment, Food, & Rural Affairs, 2023

75 Scotland’s Circular Economy and Waste Route Map to 2030 Consultation. Scottish Government, 2024

76 Consultation on reforming the producer responsibility system for waste electrical and electronic equipment 2023, Department for Environment, Food, & Rural Affairs, 2023

77 Climate Change (Scotland) Act 2009, UK Government, 2009

78 Climate Change (Emissions Reduction Targets) (Scotland) Act 2019, UK Government, 2019

79 A handbook of climate trends across Scotland, Sniffer, 2006

80 The Carbon Impacts of the Circular Economy, Zero Waste Scotland, 2015

81 Scottish Waste Environmental Footprint Tool, Zero Waste Scotland, 2024 (not yet published at time of writing)

82 Scottish Biodiversity Strategy to 2045, Scottish Government, 2022

83 Microplastics as vectors of other contaminants: Analytical determination techniques and remediation methods, Zambrano-Pinto et al., 2024

84 Marine Litter Issues, Impacts and Actions, Marine Scotland, 2011

85 Tobacco and Vaping Framework: Roadmap to 2034. Scottish Government, 2023

86 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (Scotland). University of Glasgow, 2022

87 Vaping – Health harms: evidence briefing. Scottish Government, 2024

88 WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic. World Health Organization, 2021

89 Electronic cigarettes and health outcomes: umbrella and systematic review of the global evidence, Banks et al., 2023

90 Scoping policy options for Scotland focusing on understanding and managing the environmental impact of single-use e-cigarettes. Dominic Hogg, 2023

91 Scottish Litter Survey. Keep Scotland Beautiful, 2023

92 Pride in Place: Tackling Incivilities. Carnegie Trust UK, 2012

93 Factors That Can Undermine the Psychological Benefits of Coastal Environments: Exploring the Effect of Tidal State, Presence, and Type of Litter. Wyles et al., 2016

94 Scottish Litter Survey. Keep Scotland Beautiful, 2023

95 National Litter and Flytipping Strategy. Scottish Government, 2023

96 Towards a Litter-free Scotland. Scottish Government, 2014

97 UK Critical Mineral Strategy, UK Government, 2022

98 Scottish Waste Environmental Footprint Tool. Zero Waste Scotland, 2024

99 The Fourth National Planning Framework . Scottish Government, 2023

100 Landscape Policy Framework. NatureScot, 2023

101 Scottish Litter Survey. Keep Scotland Beautiful, 2023

102 The Air Quality Standards (Scotland) Regulations 2010. UK Government, 2010

103 Directive 2008/50/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 May 2008 on ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe, EUR-Lex, 2008

104 Environment Act 1995. UK Government, 1995

105 The Pollution Prevention and Control (Scotland) Regulations 2012. UK Government, 2012

106The Air Quality Strategy for England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland (Volume 1). DEFRA, 2007

107 Air Pollutant Inventories for England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland: 2005-2021, National Atmospheric Emissions Inventory, 2023

108 Scottish Waste Environmental Footprint Tool, Zero Waste Scotland, 2024 (not yet published at time of writing)

109 Scoping policy options for Scotland focusing on understanding and managing the environmental impact of single-use e-cigarettes, Dominic Hogg, 2023

110 A Review of Environmental Pollution from the Use and Disposal of Cigarettes and Electronic Cigarettes: Contaminants, Sources, and Impacts, Beutel et al., 2021

111 The European Water Framework Directive

112 Rivers and Canals: update. Scotland’s Environment, 2014

113 The Scottish Soil Framework. Scottish Government, 2009

114 Scoping policy options for Scotland focusing on understanding and managing the environmental impact of single use e-cigarettes. Dominic Hogg, 2023

115 Analysis of the Market for Vapes: Exploring the environmental impacts of single-use vapes. Eunomia, 2023

116 Ibid

117 Ibid

118 N.B. These figures include embodied carbon from the raw material extraction and production of single-use vapes.

119 A Review of Environmental Pollution from the Use and Disposal of Cigarettes and Electronic Cigarettes: Contaminants, Sources, and Impacts, Beutel et al., 2021

120 Evaluation of e-liquid toxicity using an open-source high-throughput screening assay, Sassano et al., 2018

121 Metal Concentrations in e-Cigarette Liquid and Aerosol Samples: The Contribution of Metallic Coils, Olmedo et al., 2018

122 The Environmental case for Banning Disposable Vapes - Wildlife and Countryside Link briefing, Wildlife and Countryside Link, 2023

123 Scoping policy options for Scotland focusing on understanding and managing the environmental impact of single use e-cigarettes, Dominic Hogg, 2023

124 Tobacco and Vaping Framework, Scottish Government, 2023

125 Who would be affected by a ban on disposable vapes? A population study in Great Britain, Jackson et al., 2024

126 Understanding the vaping market, HM Revenue & Customs, 2024

127 Quit Your Way Scotland, NHS Inform, accessed 18 March 2024

128 Vaping – Role as a gateway to smoking: evidence briefing, Scottish Government, 2024

129 Tobacco and Vaping Framework, Scottish Government, 2023

130 Scoping policy options for Scotland focusing on understanding and managing the environmental impact of single use e-cigarettes, Dominic Hogg, 2023

131 Vaping – Health harms: evidence briefing, Scottish Government, 2024

132 Quit Your Way Scotland, NHS Inform, accessed 18 March 2024

133 Public Health Consequences of E-Cigarettes. National Library of Medicine, 2018

134 Scoping policy options for Scotland focusing on understanding and managing the environmental impact of single use e-cigarettes. Dominic Hogg, 2023

135 Tobacco and Vaping Framework, Scottish Government, 2023

136 Statement on the potential toxicological risks from electronic nicotine (and non-nicotine) delivery systems (E(N)NDS – e-cigarettes), Committee on Toxicity of Chemicals in Food, Consumer Products and the Environment (COT), 2020

137 Identification of flavouring chemicals and potential toxicants in e-cigarette products in Ontario, Canada, Czoli et al., 2019

138 Statement on the potential toxicological risks from electronic nicotine (and non-nicotine) delivery systems (E(N)NDS – e-cigarettes), Committee on Toxicity of Chemicals in Food, Consumer Products and the Environment (COT), 2020

139 Lithium-Ion Battery Waste Fires Costing The UK Over £100m A Year. Eunomia, 2021

140 Supplementary written evidence submitted by Keep Britain Tidy [LIT 107], UK Parliament, 2015

141 Public Health Consequences of E-Cigarettes. National Library of Medicine, 2018

142 Scoping policy options for Scotland focusing on understanding and managing the environmental impact of single use e-cigarettes, Dominic Hogg, 2023

143 ibid

144 Identification of flavouring chemicals and potential toxicants in e-cigarette products in Ontario, Canada, Czoli et al., 2019

145 Analysis of the market for vapes: exploring the environmental impacts of single-use vapes - EV0157, DEFRA, 2024

146 Scottish Litter Survey. Keep Scotland Beautiful, 2023

147 Scoping policy options for Scotland focusing on understanding and managing the environmental impact of single use e-cigarettes. Dominic Hogg, 2023

148 A Review of Environmental Pollution from the Use and Disposal of Cigarettes and Electronic Cigarettes: Contaminants, Sources, and Impacts, Beutel et al., 2021

149 Proposal to ban the sale and supply of disposable vapes (UK-wide assessment), DEFRA, 2024

150 Stop, Sort, Burn, Bury - incineration in the waste hierarchy: independent review, Colin Church, 2022

151 Identification of flavouring chemicals and potential toxicants in e-cigarette products in Ontario, Canada, Czoli et al., 2019

152 Lithium-Ion Battery Waste Fires Costing The UK Over £100m A Year. Eunomia, 2021

153 Analysis of the Market for Vapes, Eunomia, 2023

154 Ibid

155 Scoping policy options for Scotland focusing on understanding and managing the environmental impact of single use e-cigarettes, Eunomia, 2023

156 ECHA Registration Dossier. European Chemicals Agency, accessed 18 March 2024

157 A Review of Environmental Pollution from the Use and Disposal of Cigarettes and Electronic Cigarettes: Contaminants, Sources, and Impacts, Beutel et al., 2021

158 Metal Concentrations in e-Cigarette Liquid and Aerosol Samples: The Contribution of Metallic Coils, Olmedo et al., 2018

159 Scoping policy options for Scotland focusing on understanding and managing the environmental impact of single use e-cigarettes, Eunomia, 2023

160 Metal Concentrations in e-Cigarette Liquid and Aerosol Samples: The Contribution of Metallic Coils, Olmedo et al., 2018

161 Scottish Litter Survey, Keep Scotland Beautiful, 2023

162 Call for evidence on reforming the producer responsibility system for waste electrical and electronic equipment, DEFRA, 2023

163 Analysis of the Market for Vapes, Eunomia, 2023