Relationship between food environment and planning system: research summary

6 Bibliography

Research Papers

Barber, S et al. 2017) The Soft Drinks Industry Levy. Commons Briefing papers CBP-7876. House of Commons Library.

Brighton and Hove City Council Planning Department and NHS Sussex / Brighton and Hove City Council Public Health Directorate. 2011. Hot-food takeaways near schools; An impact study on takeaways near secondary schools in Brighton and Hove.

Buck, C. et al. 2013. Clustering of unhealthy food around German schools and its influence on dietary behavior in school children: A pilot study. The International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 10 (65).

Burgoine, T. et al. 2014. Associations between exposure to takeaway food outlets, takeaway food consumption, and body weight in Cambridgeshire, UK: population based, cross sectional study. BMJ Clinical Research Edition 348, p. 259-266.

Burgoine, T. et al. 2016. Does neighborhood fast-food outlet exposure amplify inequalities in diet and obesity? A cross-sectional study. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 103 p. 1540-1547.

Capita and North Tyneside Council. 2015. Public Health Evidence in relation to the use of the planning system to control Hot Food Takeaways. [Online] Available from: https://my.northtyneside.gov.uk/sites/default/files/web-page-related-files/Public%20Health%20Evidence%20in%20relation%20to%20the%20use%20of%20the%20planning%20system%20to%20control%20Hot%20Food%20Takeaways%202015%20%28Sub%20Header%29.pdf

[Accessed February 2018]

Caraher et al. 2013. The planning system and fast food outlets in London: lessons for health promotion practice. Revista portuguesa de saude publica. 31(1), p. 49–57.

Caspi, CE et al, 2012. The local food environment and diet: a systematic review. Health and Place 18(5): 1172-87

Centre for Diet and Activity Research. 2018. Food Environment Assessment Tool. [Online] Available from: http://www.cedar.iph.cam.ac.uk/feat/ [Accessed June 2018].

Clark, E. M. et al. 2014. Is the food environment surrounding schools associated with the diet quality of adolescents in Otago, New Zealand? Health & Place
30: 78-85.

Cobb LK et al. 2015. The relationship of the local food environment with obesity: A systematic review of methods, study quality, and results. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), 23(7), 1331–44.

Conrad D., Capewell S. 2012. Associations between deprivation and rates of childhood overweight and obesity in England, 2007-2010: An ecological study. BMJ Open 2 (2)

Crawford et al. 2012. Is Eating out of School a Healthy Option for Secondary Pupils? A Feasibility Study to Explore the Nutritional Quality of ‘Out of School’ Foods Popular with School Pupils. Glasgow: SCPHRP and GCPH.

Dobbs, R et al. 2014. Overcoming obesity: An initial economic analysis. McKinsey Global Institute.

Drewnowski, A. and Specter, S.E., 2004. Poverty and obesity: the role of energy density and energy costs. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 79 (1), p. 6-16.

Edwards and Tsourus. 2006. Promoting Physical Activity and Active Living in Urban Environments.The Role of Local Governments. The Solid Facts. World Health Organization, Copenhagen.

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2012. [Online] Influencing Food Environments for Healthy Diets. Available online: http://www.fao.org/3/a-i6484e.pdf [Accessed March 2018]

Food and Drink Federation Scotland. 2017. Health and Wellbeing. [Online] Available from: http://www.fdfscotland.org.uk/sfdf/priorities_food_health.aspx [Accessed 24 July 2017]

The Food Foundation. 2016. ‘Force-Fed. Does the food system constrict healthy choices for typical British families? [Online] Available from: https://foodfoundation.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/The-Food-Foundation-64pp-A4-Landscape-Brochure-AW-V32.pdf [Accessed June 2018].

Food Standards Scotland. 2016. Board Meeting - 20 January 2016. [Online] Available at: http://www.foodstandards.gov.scot/fss-board-meeting-20-january-2016 [Accessed March 2018].
Food Standards Scotland. 2017. Board Meeting – 8 March 2017. [Online] Available at: http://www.foodstandards.gov.scot/board-meeting-8-march-2017 [Accessed March 2018].

Dr Foster Intelligence and Land Use Consultants. 2011. Tackling the Takeaways: A new policy to address fast food outlets in Tower Hamlet. London: NHS Tower Hamlets.

Foresight. 2007. Tackling Obesities: Future Choice – Project Report. London: Government Office for Science.

Forsyth, A et al. 2012. Do adolescents who live or go to school near fast-food restaurants eat more frequently from fast-food restaurants? Health Place 18: 1261–1269.

Fox, M.K et al. 2009. Association between school food environment and practices and body mass index of US public school children. Journal American Diet Association 109 (2), S108–S117.

Fraser et al. 2010. The Geography of Fast Food Outlets: A Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 7, 2290-2308.

Freudenberg, N. et al. 2010. A Tale of Two ObesCities: The Role of Municipal Governance in Reducing Childhood Obesity in New York City and London. Journal of Urban Health, 87(5), p.755 - 770.

Gilliland, J.A. et al. 2012. Linking Childhood Obesity to the Built Environment:
A Multi-level Analysis of Home and School Neighbourhood Factors Associated With Body Mass Index. Canadian Journal of Public Health 103 (9)

Glasgow Centre for Population Health. 2012. Are school lunchtime stay-on-site policies sustainable? A follow-up study. Briefing Paper 33. Glasgow: Glasgow Centre for Population Health.

Grant K (2017) SPICe Briefing, How can we reduce obesity in Scotland? Edinburgh: Scottish Parliament

Griffiths, C. et al. 2014. A cross sectional study investigating the association between exposure to food outlets and childhood obesity in Leeds, UK. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 11(1): 138.

Hendrickson et al., 2006. Fruit and vegetable access in four low-income food deserts communities in Minnesota. Agriculture and Human Values 23, 371–383.

Herforth, A. & Ahmed, S. 2015. The food environment, its effects on dietary consumption, and potential for measurement within agriculture-nutrition interventions. Food Security. 7(3): 505-520.

HLPE. 2017. Nutrition and food systems. A Report by a High Level Panel of Experts on Food Security and Nutrition of the Committee on World Food Security. Rome.

Holsten JE. 2009. Obesity and the community food environment: A systematic review. Public Health Nutrition, 12(3), 397–405.

Kent, JL and Thompson, S. 2014 The Three Domains of Urban Planning for Health and Well-being. Journal of Planning Literature 29(3): 239-256

Larsen, K., et al. 2015. Food access and children’s BMI in Toronto, Ontario: assessing how the food environment relates to overweight and obesity. International Journal of Public Health 60(1): 69-77.

Local Government Association. 2016. Tipping the Scales. [Online] Available at: https://www.local.gov.uk/sites/default/files/documents/tipping-scales-case-studi-bff.pdf [Accessed March 2018].

Local Government Association. 2016. Building the foundations: Tackling obesity through planning and development. [Online] Available at: https://www.local.gov.uk/sites/default/files/documents/building-foundations-tack-f8d.pdf [Accessed June 2018].

London Plan. 2018. Topic Paper: Hot Food Takeaways. [Online] Available at: https://www.london.gov.uk/sites/default/files/london_plan_topic_paper_on_hot_food_takeaways.pdf [Accessed March 2018].

MacDonald, L. et al. 2018. Do ‘environmental bads’ such as alcohol, fast food, tobacco and gambling outlets cluster and co locate in more deprived areas in Glasgow City, Scotland? Health and Place, 51, p. 224-231.

Martin L. 2017. Evidence for environmental interventions to prevent childhood overweight and obesity within schools. NHS Health Scotland.

NHS London Healthy Urban Development Unit. 2013. Using the planning system to control hot food takeaways – A good practice guide. London: NHS

Patterson R. et al. 2012. Consumption of takeaway and fast food in a deprived inner London Borough: Are they associated with childhood obesity? BMJ
Open 2 (3)

Public Health England. 2014. Obesity and the environment: regulating the growth of fast food outlets. London: PHE.

Public Health England. 2017. Health Matters: Obesity and the Food Environment. London: PHE.

Public Health England. 2017. Strategies for Encouraging Healthier ‘Out of Home’ Food Provision, A toolkit for local councils working with small food businesses. London: PHE.

Public Health England. 2017. Spatial Planning for Health - An evidence resource for planning and designing healthier places. London: PHE.

Public Health England. 2018. Healthy High Streets: Good place-making in an urban setting. London: PHE.

Public Health England. 2018. Sugar reduction and the wider reformulation programme: progress towards the first 5% reduction and next steps. London: PHE.

Ross, A. 2013. Obesity-based policies to restrict hot food takeaways: progress by local planning authorities in England.

Scottish Futures Forum. 2017. Fitter or Fatter? Effective Interventions for Tackling Scotland’s Obesity Problem. [Online] Available at: http://www.scotlandfutureforum.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/SFF_Report_Scotland2030ObesityEvent_web.pdf [Accessed March 2018]

Scottish Government. 2010. The Obesity Route Map. [Online] Available at: http://www.gov.scot/Resource/Doc/302783/0094795.pdf [Accessed March 2018]

Scottish Government and the Food Standards Agency. 2014. Supporting Healthy Choices Framework. [Online] Available at: http://www.gov.scot/Resource/0045/00454311.pdf [ Accessed March 2018]

Scottish Government. 2014. Beyond the School Gate. Improving food choices in the school community. Edinburgh: Scottish Government.

Scottish Government .2017.A Healthier Future - Action and Ambitions on Diet, Activity and Healthy Weight. [Online] Available at: http://www.gov.scot/Resource/0052/00526543.pdf [Accessed March 2018]

Shepherd, J. et al. 2006. Young people and healthy eating: a systematic review of research on barriers and facilitators. Health Education Research, 21(2), p. 239-257.

Shortt et al., 2014. Integrating environmental justice and socioecological models of health to understand population-level physical activity. Environmental Planning A, 46 (6), p. 1479-1495.

Simon, P.A et al. 2008. Proximity of fast food restaurants to schools: Do neighborhood income and type of school matter? Preventative Medicine 47(3): 284-288.

Story, M et al. 2008. Creating healthy food and eating environments: policy and environmental approaches. Annual Review of Public Health 29: 253-272.

Tang, X. et al. 2014. Associations between Food Environment around Schools and Professionally Measured Weight Status for Middle and High School Students. Childhood Obesity 10(6): 511-517.

Tedstone, A et al .2017. Sugar Reduction: Achieving the 20%. London: PHE.

Timperio, A. et al. 2008. Children's fruit and vegetable intake: associations with the neighbourhood food environment. Preventative Medicine 46(4):331-5.

UK Government. 2016. Soft Drinks Industry Levy. [Online] Available from https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/soft-drinks-industry-levy/soft-drinks-industry-levy [Accessed 27 June 2017]

Williams, J. et al. 2014. A systematic review of the influence of the retail food environment around schools on obesity-related outcomes. Obesity Reviews, 15, p. 359-374.

Williams, J. et al. 2015. Associations between Food Outlets around Schools and BMI among Primary Students in England: A Cross-Classified Multi-Level Analysis. PloS One 10(7): e0132930.

National Policy / Guidance

England

National Planning Policy Framework March 2012

National Planning Practice Guidance (NPPG) Health and Wellbeing. Last Updated July 2017. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/guidance/health-and-wellbeing#history [Accessed March 2018]

Wales

Planning Policy Wales (Edition 9) November 2016

Scotland

National Planning Framework 3 June 2014

Scottish Planning Policy June 2014

Northern Ireland

Regional Development Strategy (RDS 2035) 2010

Strategic Planning Policy Statement for Northern Ireland (SPPS)

Use Class Orders

Circular 03/2005. Changes of Use of Buildings and Land - The Town & Country Planning (Use Classes) Order 1987.

Circular 1/1998. The Town and Country Planning (Use Classes) (Scotland) Order 1997.

The Town and Country Planning (Use Classes) (Amendment) (England) Order 2005

Planning Authority – Policy and Guidance

Barnsley Metropolitan Borough Council

Supplementary Planning Document | Hot Food Takeaways | Adopted March 2012

Birmingham City Council

Supplementary Planning Document | Shopping and Local Centres | March 2012

Bolton Metropolitan Borough

Supplementary Planning Document | Location of Restaurants, Cafés, Public Houses, Bars and Hot Food Takeaways in Urban Areas | September 2013

Bradford Metropolitan District Council

Supplementary Planning Document | Hot Food Takeaways | November 2014

Bridgend County Borough Council

Supplementary Planning Guidance (SPG14) | Hot Food Take-Away Establishments | Adopted October 2007

Central Lancashire

Supplementary Planning Document | Access to Healthy Food | October 2012

Dudley Metropolitan Borough Council

Supplementary Planning Document | Planning for Health | Adopted September 2013

Gateshead Metropolitan Borough Council

Supplementary Planning Document | Hot Food Takeaway | 2015

Halton Borough Council

Supplementary Planning Document | Hot Food Takeaways | Adopted March 2012

Leeds City Council

Supplementary Planning Document | Hot Food Takeaway | Draft July 2017

London Barking and Dagenham

Supplementary Planning Document | Saturation Point – Addressing the health impacts of hot food takeaways | Adopted July 2010

London Borough of Hackney

Development Management Local Plan | Adopted July 2013

London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham

Supplementary Planning Document | Planning Guidance | Adopted March 2009

London Borough of Lewisham

Development Management Local Plan | Adopted November 2014

London Borough of Newham

Food Outlet Mapping in the London Borough of Newham | July 2010

London Borough of Newham

Newham’s Local Plan – The Core Strategy | Adopted January 2012

Supplementary Planning Document | Hot Food Takeaway | Adopted March 2009

London Borough of Waltham Forest

Waltham Forest Unitary Development Plan (UDP)

Supplementary Planning Document | Hot Food Takeaway | Adopted March 2009

Waltham Forest Annual Monitoring Report 2015/16

London Borough of Wandsworth

Supplementary Planning Document | Town Centre Uses | Adopted March 2015

Manchester City Council

Supplementary Planning Document | Hot Food Takeaway | Adopted March 2017

Medway Council

Local Plan | Adopted January 2017

Guidance Note | Hot Food Takeaways in Medway | July 2014

Newcastle Under Lyme Borough Council

Planning Guidance on Hot Food Takeaways | Adopted 1996

North Tyneside

Local Plan | Adopted 2017

Public Health Evidence in relation to the use of the planning system to control Hot Food Takeaways | November 2015

Oldham Council

Development Plan Document – Joint Core Strategy and Development Management Policies | Adopted November 2011

Supplementary Planning Document | Vibrant Centres Part 1 and 2 | Adopted July 2012

Rochdale Borough Council

Supplementary Planning Document | Guidelines & Standards for Hot Food Takeaway Uses | Adopted April 2015, Updated February 2017

Salford City Council

Supplementary Planning Document | Hot Food Takeaways | Adopted January 2014

Sandwell Metropolitan Borough Council

Supplementary Planning Document | Hot Food Takeaway | July 2016

Sefton Metropolitan Borough Council

Local Plan | Adopted April 2017

Sefton Metropolitan Borough Council

Supplementary Planning Document | Control of Hot Food Takeaways and Betting Shops | September 2017

Solihull Metropolitan Borough Council

Supplementary Planning Document | Hot Food Takeaways | Draft October 2014

St Helens Council

Supplementary Planning Document | Hot Food Takeaways | Adopted June 2011

Stoke on Trent City Council / Newcastle Under Lyme Borough Council

Joint Local Plan

Stoke on Trent Council

Supplementary Planning Document | Hot Food Takeaway | DraftT May 2013

Warrington Borough Council

Supplementary Planning Document | Hot Food Takeaways | Adopted April 2014

Wirral Council

Supplementary Planning Document 3 | Hot Food Takeaways, Restaurants, Cafes, and Drinking Establishments| Adopted October 2006

Woking Borough Council

Supplementary Planning Document | Hot Food Takeaways | Adopted October 2014

Worcester City Council

Supplementary Planning Document | Hot Food Outlets | Adopted July 2011

Wrexham County Borough Council

Local Planning Guidance Note | Hot Food Takeaways | Adopted December 2011

Application / Appeal Decisions

Scotland

Midlothian Council

Application for Planning Permission Ref: 15/00737/DPP

Appeal Ref: PPA-290-2035

Glasgow City Council

Application for Planning Permission Ref: 16/03111/DC

England

London Borough of Barking and Dagenham

Application for Planning Permission Ref: 13/00224/FUL

London Borough of Barking and Dagenham

Appeal Ref: APP/Z5060/A/10/2136264

London Borough of Barking and Dagenham

Application for Planning Permission Ref; 10/00210/FUL

Appeal Ref: APP/Z5060/A/10/2136264

London Borough of Barking and Dagenham

Application for Planning Permission Ref: 11/00739/FUL

Appeal Ref: APP/Z5060/A/11/2167225

London Borough of Newham

Application for Planning Permission Ref: 13/01850/FUL

Appeal Ref: APP/G5750/A/14/2216552

North Tyneside Metropolitan Borough Council

Application for Planning Permission Ref: 17/00898/FUL

Appeal Ref: APP/W4515/W/17/3184901

North Tyneside Metropolitan Borough Council

Application for Planning Permission Ref: 17/00179/FUL

Appeal Ref: APP/W4515/W/17/3178059

Report prepared by:

Ironside Farrar
111 McDonald Road,
Edinburgh,
EH7 4NW

Planning and Architecture Division
Area 2H South
Victoria Quay
Edinburgh
EH6 6QQ

Tel: 0131 244 7546
e-mail: DMprocedures@gov.scot
web: http://www.gov.scot/Topics/Built-Environment/planning

© Crown Copyright 2018
Applications for reproduction of any part of this publication should be addressed to:
Planning and Architecture Division, Directorate for Local Government and Communities, Area 2H (South) Victoria Quay, Edinburgh, EH6 6QQ
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