Publication - Consultation paper
Lymphoma clinical quality performance indicators review: consultation
We are seeking views on lymphoma quality performance indicators (QPIs) following three years of national comparative data.
Appendix 6: Glossary of Terms
| Asymptomatic | Having no symptoms. You are considered asymptomatic if you:
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|---|---|
| Burkitt Lymphoma | An aggressive (fast-growing) type of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma that occurs most often in children and young adults. The disease may affect the jaw, central nervous system, bowel, kidneys, ovaries, or other organs. There are three main types of Burkitt lymphoma (sporadic, endemic, and immunodeficiency related). |
| Central Nervous System ( CNS) | The brain and spinal cord. |
| Chemotherapy | The use of drugs that kill cancer cells, or prevent or slow their growth. |
| Chromosome | Part of a cell that contains genetic information. |
| Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma ( CHL) | The most common type of Hodgkin lymphoma. |
| Clinical Trials | A type of research study that tests how well new medical approaches or medicines work. These studies test new methods of screening, prevention, diagnosis, or treatment of a disease. |
| CNS prophylaxis | Treatment given to prevent spread of disease to the central nervous system. |
| Combined modality treatment | The treatment of a disease or condition by several different means simultaneously or sequentially. |
| Co-morbidity | The condition of having two or more diseases at the same time. |
| Computed Tomography ( CT) | An x-ray imaging technique, which allows detailed investigation of the internal organ of the body. |
| Contraindication/ Contraindicated | A symptom or medical condition that makes a particular treatment or procedure inadvisable because a person is likely to have a bad reaction. |
| Curative intent | Treatment which is given with the aim of curing the cancer. |
| Cytogenetics | The study of chromosomes and chromosomal abnormalities. |
| Cytotoxic | Toxic to cells. This term is used to describe drugs which kill cancer cells or slow their growth. |
| Dermatology | A branch of medicine concerned with the study and treatment of disorders of the skin. |
| Diagnosis | The process of identifying a disease, such as cancer, from its signs and symptoms. |
| Diffuse Large B-Cell lymphoma ( DLBCL) | A type of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (cancer of the immune system) that is usually aggressive (fast-growing). It is the most common type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and is marked by rapidly growing tumours in the lymph nodes, spleen, liver, bone marrow, or other organs. |
| Fluorescence in situ hybridization ( FISH) | Provides researchers with a way to visualize and map the genetic material in an individual's cells, including specific genes or portions of genes. This is important for understanding a variety of chromosomal abnormalities and other genetic mutations. |
| Follicular Lymphoma | A type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that is usually indolent (slow-growing) divided into 3 separate grades (1, 2 and 3). |
| Grading | The degree of malignancy of a tumour, i.e. how closely the cancer cells look like normal cells. |
| Haemato-oncology | A branch of medicine concerned with the study and treatment of cancers of the blood and blood-forming tissues. |
| Hepatitis B | A virus that causes hepatitis (inflammation of the liver). It is carried and passed to others through the blood and other body fluids. |
| Hepatitis C | A virus that causes hepatitis (inflammation of the liver). It is carried and passed to others through the blood and other body fluids. Although patients who are infected with hepatitis C virus may not have symptoms, long-term infection may lead to cirrhosis (scarring of the liver) and liver cancer. These patients may also have an increased risk for certain types of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. |
| Hickman line | A fine plastic cannula inserted under the skin of your chest into a vein to allow administration of drugs and repeated blood samples. |
| Hodgkin Lymphoma | Cancer of the lymphatic system. There are 2 main types of Hodgkin lymphoma; classical Hodgkin lymphoma and nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma. |
| Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( HIV) | The cause of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ( AIDS). |
| Imaging | Medical imaging is process used to create images of the body for clinical purposes. |
| Immunohistochemistry ( IHC) | A technique used to identify specific molecules in different kinds of tissue. The tissue is treated with antibodies that bind the specific molecule. These are made visible under a microscope by using a colour reaction, a radioisotope, colloidal gold, or a fluorescent dye. Immunohistochemistry is used to help diagnose diseases, such as cancer, and to detect the presence of micro organisms. It is also used in basic research to understand how cells grow and differentiate (become more specialized). |
| Intravenous contrast | A substance administered directly into the bloodstream to enhance the visibility of structures on imaging. |
| Lymphatic system | Complex network of tubes (lymphatic vessels), glands (lymph nodes) and other organs including the spleen. |
| Lymphoma | Cancer of the lymphatic system. There are two main types of lymphoma - Hodgkin Lymphoma and non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. |
| Mediastinal | Relating to the mediastinum, the space in the chest cavity between the 2 pleural sacs. |
| Multi-disciplinary team meeting ( MDT) | A meeting which is held on a regular basis, which is made up of participants from various disciplines appropriate to the disease area, where diagnosis, management, and appropriate treatment of patients is discussed and decided. |
| MYC | MYC is a regulator gene located on chromosome 8. Deregulation of MYC in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, as occurs in translocations involving the long arm of chromosome 8, is highly associated with aggressive disease and a poor prognosis. Detection of such a translocation by Fluorescent in-situ hybridisation ( FISH) is an important prognostic factor and will often lead to a change in management. |
| Nodal | Relating to lymph nodes. |
| Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma | Cancer of the lymphatic system. There are two main groups - high grade which are aggressive and fast growing and low grade which are slow growing. High grade lymphomas include: Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma ( DLBCL), Peripheral T-cell Lymphoma, Burkitt's Lymphoma, Mantle Cell Lymphoma and AIDS-related lymphoma. Low grade or indolent lymphomas include: Follicular Lymphomas, Waldenstrom's Lymphoma and Marginal Zone Lymphomas. |
| Oncology | The study of the biology and physical and chemical features of cancers. Also the study of the causes and treatment of cancers. |
| Pathology/Pathological | The study of disease processes with the aim of understanding their nature and causes. This is achieved by observing samples of fluid and tissues obtained from the living patient by various methods, or at post mortem. |
| Positron Emission Tomography - Computed Tomography ( PET-CT) | A highly specialised imaging technique used to produce a computerised image of metabolic activity of body tissues. It may be used to diagnose a cancer, show what stage it is, or see how well you are responding to treatment. |
| Primary cutaneous lymphoma | A rare type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that presents in the skin with no evidence of extracutaneous disease at the time of diagnosis. |
| Prognosis | An assessment of the expected future course and outcome of a person's disease. |
| Prognostic Factors | Factors, such as staging, tumour type or deprivation that may influence treatment effectiveness and outcomes. |
| Prophylaxis | An intervention used to prevent an unwanted outcome. |
| Radiological | The use of imaging technologies (such as ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging) to diagnose or treat disease. |
| Radiotherapy | The use of radiation to treat disease. |
| Rituximab | Rituximab belongs to a group of cancer drugs known as monoclonal antibodies. Monoclonal antibodies recognise and lock on to specific proteins on the surface of cancer cells. This helps the body's immune system recognise the cancer cells and destroy them. Monoclonal antibodies are sometimes called targeted therapies because they target cancer cells. |
| Scottish Medicines Consortium ( SMC) | The purpose of the SMC is to accept for use those newly licensed drugs that clearly represent good value for money to NHSScotland. SMC analyses information supplied by the drug manufacturer on the health benefits of the drug and justification of its price. |
| Staging | Process of describing to what degree cancer has spread from its original site to another part of the body. Staging involves clinical, surgical and pathology assessments. |
| Survival | The percentage of people in a study or treatment group who are alive for a certain period of time after they were diagnosed with or treated for a disease, such as cancer. |
| Symptomatic | Having to do with symptoms, which are signs of a condition or disease. |
| Systemic Anti Cancer Therapy ( SACT) | Treatment of cancer using drugs which prevent the replication or growth of cancer cells. This encompasses biological therapies and cytotoxic chemotherapy. |
| Translocation | A genetic change in which a piece of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to another chromosome. Sometimes pieces from two different chromosomes will trade places with each other. |
| Virological Testing | Used to diagnose infection, and most importantly guide treatment decisions and assess the virological response to antiviral therapy. |
Contact
Email: Jennifer Doherty, LymphomaQPIPublicEngagement@gov.scot
Phone: 0300 244 4000 – Central Enquiry Unit
The Scottish Government
St Andrew's House
Regent Road
Edinburgh
EH1 3DG
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