Part 1 of the Children (Scotland) Act 1995: review
This consultation seeks views on reforming Part 1 of the Children (Scotland) Act 1995 to ensure the child's best interests are at the centre of any decision made about them.
Footnotes
1. http://www.legislation.gov.uk/
2. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32003R2201:EN:HTML
3. https://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/Convention_ENG.pdf
4. https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/full-text/?cid=24
5. http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CRC.aspx
7. http://www.scotland-judiciary.org.uk/59/0/Judicial-Training
8. The FLC recently set up a sub-group to consider Case Management in Family Actions. The sub-group’s report, which the SCJC intends to consult on, is at http://www.scottishciviljusticecouncil.gov.uk/docs/librariesprovider4/flc-meeting-files/flc-meeting-papers-23-october-2017/paper-5-1a---report-by-flc-sub-committee-on-case-management-in-family-actions-(revised)--private.pdf?sfvrsn=2. Recommendation 8 at paragraph 4.14 contains a recommendation on judicial continuity. Paragraph 4.14 also said that “the sub-committee notes that insofar as practicable and feasible, the Sheriffs Principal all encourage judicial continuity in their courts.”
9. http://www.scottishciviljusticecouncil.gov.uk/rule-making (please see under “Requesting Rules and Providing Feedback”)
10. https://www.cypcs.org.uk/policy/domestic-abuse/power-uppower-down
11. Holt, S. 2016 The voice of the child in family law: A discussion paper Children and Youth Services Review 68
13. Sheriff Court form:
https://www.scotcourts.gov.uk/docs/default-source/rules-and-practice/forms/sheriff-court-forms/ordinary-cause-forms/form-f09.doc?sfvrsn=12
The equivalent form in the Court of Session is 49.8N
available at:
https://www.scotcourts.gov.uk/docs/default-source/rules-and-practice/rules-of-court/court-of-session/chap49.pdf?sfvrsn=22
14. Monitoring the Children (Scotland) Act 1995 Scottish Government 2000 http://www.gov.scot/Resource/Doc/156495/0042016.pdf
16. Kay.E, Tisdall.M, Bray.R, Marshall.K & Cleland.A 2010. Children’s participation in family law proceedings: A step too far or a step too small. Journal of Social Welfare and Family Law 26(1) p17-33.
17. Kay.E, Tisdall.M, Bray.R, Marshall.K & Cleland.A 2010. ibid
18. Fernando. M 2014 Family Law Proceedings and the child’s right to be heard in Australia, the United Kingdom, New Zealand and Canada . Family Court Review 52(1) p46-59
19. Fernando. M ibid
20. See, for example, http://www.avenue-info.com/index.php/children/consulting-children
21. For example, the report on the Children’s Parliament
consultation on the proposed changes to the F9 form said that
“the children thought that a form may not be the best way for
some children to express their views and it would be easier for
them to speak with someone directly”.
http://www.scottishciviljusticecouncil.gov.uk/docs/librariesprovider4/flc-meeting-files/flc-meeting-papers-08-may-2017/paper-4-1c-children-39-s-parliament-feedback-report-on-form-f9.pdf?sfvrsn=2
See also comments by the Power Up/Power Down young people
and children
http://www.scottishciviljusticecouncil.gov.uk/docs/librariesprovider4/flc-meeting-files/flc-meeting-papers-08-may-2017/paper-4-1d-scottish-women-39-s-aid-and-cypcs-feedback-report-on-form-f9.pdf?sfvrsn=2
Comments by Clan childlaw clients on the proposed changes to
the F9 form are at
http://www.scottishciviljusticecouncil.gov.uk/docs/librariesprovider4/flc-meeting-files/flc-meeting-papers-08-may-2017/paper-4-1f-clan-childlaw-feedback-on-form-f9.pdf?sfvrsn=2
22. See, for example, the appendix to this note: https://www.scotcourts.gov.uk/docs/default-source/cos-general-docs/pdf-docs-for-opinions/2017scgla46.pdf?sfvrsn=0
23. http://www.gov.scot/Topics/Justice/law/17867/reporters
24.
http://www.gov.scot/Topics/Justice/law/17867/reporters/child-welfare-guide
This guide is currently being revised and a guide for
children and young people is being prepared as well.
25. http://www.gov.scot/Topics/Justice/law/17867/reporters/Instructions-to-reporters
26. An exchange of correspondence between the Scottish Government, the Lord President’s Office and the Sheriffs Principal on the proposed training scheme for reporters is at http://www.gov.scot/Topics/Justice/law/17867/reporters/letters-judiciary-Sep-16
28. https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/Eliz2/6-7/40/section/11
29. https://www.unicef.org/publications/index_43110.html
30. http://www.parliament.scot/GettingInvolved/Petitions/PE01635
32. http://www.gov.scot/Publications/2012/05/6645
33. Jappens M. Van Bavel J. 2015 Parental divorce, residence arrangements, and contact between grandchildren and grandparents Journal of Marriage and Family volume 78 issue 2 p451-467.
34. Lussier, G and Deater-Deckard K. 2002 Support across two generations: Children’s closeness to grandparents following parental divorce and remarriage . Journal of Family Psychology vol 16. No 3 p363-376
35. http://www.gov.scot/publications/parenting-plan-charter-grandchildren/
36. http://www.parliament.scot/S2_Bills/Family%20Law%20(Scotland)%20Bill/b36s2-introd-pm.pdf (Paragraphs 4.23 to 4.33 discuss grandparents).
37. http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2004/0090/67.0/DLM317233.html
38. http://www.gov.scot/Publications/2011/03/10110037/0
39. http://www.gov.scot/Publications/2011/03/10110037/0
40. http://www.gov.scot/Publications/2011/03/10110037/0
41. http://www.gov.scot/Publications/2006/10/16092253/2
42. http://www.gov.scot/resource/doc/201147/0053739.pdf
45. http://www.parliament.scot/parliamentarybusiness/report.aspx?r=4622&i=36023
46. http://www.parliament.scot/GettingInvolved/Petitions/parentalrightstocontact
47. http://www.gov.scot/Resource/0052/00525142.pdf
48. https://www.scotcourts.gov.uk/search-judgments/judgment?id=434c27a7-8980-69d2-b500-ff0000d74aa7
49. See for example, as regards mother with residence Baldwin.L and Epstein.R 2017 Short but not sweet: A study of the impact of short custodial sentences on mothers and their children De Montfort University July 2017 available at: https://www.dora.dmu.ac.uk/handle/2086/14301
51. https://www.scotlawcom.gov.uk/files/6212/8015/1386/26-07-2010_1436_823.pdf Report 82, on illegitimacy. Paragraphs 6.6 to 6.12
52. http://www.gov.scot/Publications/2008/06/16155526/0 (form for non married fathers to gain PRRs).
53. https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ssi/2009/191/regulation/2/made (form for second female parent to gain PRRs)
54. http://www.gov.scot/Publications/2017/03/5915/downloads
56. http://www.gov.scot/Publications/2004/10/20057/44653 (see part 7)
57. https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/235744/0004.pdf (see paragraphs 2.36 to 2.51)
58. The Policy Memorandum for the Bill which led to the 2006 Act is at http://www.parlamaid.scot/S2_Bills/Family%20Law%20(Scotland)%20Bill/b36s2-introd-pm.pdf
59. The NRS statistics on births are at https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/files//statistics/vital-events-ref-tables/16/3-birth/ve-ref-tabs-16-tab3.02.xlsx
60. http://www.gov.scot/Resource/0051/00515142.pdf
61. http://www.gov.scot/Publications/2017/10/3700
63. http://archive.scottish.parliament.uk/business/committees/justice1/reports-05/j1r05-08-vol01-02.htm#otherissues (see paragraph 227)
64. See comments of the then Minister Hugh Henry at columns 2257-2258 http://archive.scottish.parliament.uk/business/committees/justice1/or-05/j105-3602.htm#Col2235
65. http://www.bclaws.ca/civix/document/id/lc/statreg/11025_01
66. Caring for children after parental separation: would legislation for shared parenting time help children? University of Oxford May 2011. http://www.nuffieldfoundation.org/sites/default/files/files/Would%20legislation%20for%20shared%20parenting%20time%20help%20children)OXLAP%20FPB%207.pdf
67. See for example Bauserman, R. (2002). Child Adjustment in Joint-Custody Versus Sole-Custody Arrangements: A Meta-Analytic Review. Journal of Family Psychology. 16(1): 91-102.
68. Sodermans AK, and Matthijs K 2014 Joint physical custody and adolescents’ subjective well-being: a personality x environment interaction. Journal of Family Psychology vol 28, No 3 p345-356
69. Vanassche, S 2017 Alternating residence for children after parental separation: recent findings from Belgium. Family Court Review vol 55 issue 4
71. Harman.J, Leder-Elder.S, Biringen.Z 2016 Prevalence of parental alienation drawn from a representative poll. Children and Youth Services Review vol 66 p62-66.
72. https://www.scotlawcom.gov.uk/files/8712/7989/6603/rep102.pdf. The SLC’s prior discussion paper (number 67) is at https://www.scotlawcom.gov.uk/files/2813/1419/8658/cm67.pdf This report has not been implemented. The then Scottish Executive outlined its reasons for not implementing the report in a written answer to a Parliamentary Question on 23 January 2002: http://www.parliament.scot/parliamentarybusiness/28877.aspx?SearchType=Advance&ReferenceNumbers=S1W-21642&ResultsPerPage=10
73. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex:32003R2201
74. http://www.parliament.scot/Domestic%20Abuse%20Scotland%20Bill/SPBill08PMS052017.pdf
75. McKay K 2013 The treatment of the views of children in private law child contact disputes where there is a history of domestic abuse https://www.cypcs.org.uk/ufiles/views-of-children-and-domestic-abuse.pdf
76. https://www.cafcass.gov.uk/download/2124/
78. http://www.gov.scot/publications/scottish-crime-justice-survey-2014-15-partner-abuse//downloads
79. http://www.gov.scot/publications/nation-ambition-governments-programme-scotland-2017-18/
80. Clause 47 of the Prisons and Courts Bill contains the relevant provision: https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/bills/cbill/2016-2017/0170/cbill_2016-20170170_en_6.htm#pt2-pb8-l1g47
82. https://www.ag.gov.au/Consultations/Pages/Family-violence-cross-examination-amendments.aspx
83. http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2016/0044/latest/DLM6488750.html
84. See paragraph 3.5 of the report at http://www.scottishciviljusticecouncil.gov.uk/docs/librariesprovider4/flc-meeting-files/flc-meeting-papers-23-october-2017/paper-5-1a---report-by-flc-sub-committee-on-case-management-in-family-actions-(revised)--private.pdf?sfvrsn=2
85. Family Law Committee meeting 05 February 2018
86. See paragraphs 62 to 69 and 86 of the report by the Justice Committee: http://www.parlamaid.scot/parliamentarybusiness/CurrentCommittees/97604.aspx#m
87. https://www.justice.gov.uk/courts/procedure-rules/family/practice_directions/pd_part_12j#1a
88. The report of the Family Law Committee sub-committee on case management in family actions considered issues on pleadings generally: http://www.scottishciviljusticecouncil.gov.uk/docs/librariesprovider4/flc-meeting-files/flc-meeting-papers-23-october-2017/paper-5-1a---report-by-flc-sub-committee-on-case-management-in-family-actions-(revised)--private.pdf?sfvrsn=2 (see paragraphs 3.11 and 4.12).
89. https://www.nycourts.gov/courts/family-violence/dv/index.shtml
90. Civil protective orders in integrated domestic violence court: An empirical study 2010 https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/4772900/rickardcivilprotection.pdf?sequence=1
91. Understanding Child Contact Cases in Scottish Sheriff Courts. K.Laing & G.Wilson Newcastle University 2010. Available at: http://www.gov.scot/Resource/Doc/334161/0109246.pdf
92. http://www.scottishciviljusticecouncil.gov.uk/docs/librariesprovider4/flc-meeting-files/flc-13-february-2017/approved-minutes-13-february-2017.pdf?sfvrsn=2 (Paragraphs 17 to 19 refer).
93. http://www.gov.scot/Publications/2017/03/5915/22
95. See for example Understanding Child Contact Cases in Scottish Sheriff Courts. K.Laing & G.Wilson Newcastle University 2010. Available at: http://www.gov.scot/Resource/Doc/334161/0109246.pdf
96. http://www.gov.scot/Resource/0053/00531705.pdf
97. /publications/parenting-plan/
98. Research on minutes of agreement is at http://www.crfr.ac.uk/projects/current-projects/all-settled-a-study-of-legally-binding-separation-agreements-in-scotland/
99. http://www.parliament.scot/parliamentarybusiness/report.aspx?r=11399
100. https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1995/6/section/2
101. https://www.relationships-scotland.org.uk/
102. http://www.calmscotland.co.uk/
103. https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list/-/conventions/treaty/210
104. The Preventing and Combating Violence Against Women and Domestic Violence (Ratification of Convention) Act 2017 requires the UK Government to take all reasonable steps as soon as reasonably practicable to enable the UK to become compliant with the Istanbul Convention. This Act extends to Scotland. It is available at: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2017/18/contents
106. http://www.consensus-scotland.com/
107. http://www.parlamaid.scot/parliamentarybusiness/CurrentCommittees/97604.aspx#n (paragraph 87)
109. For an example of current signposting by the Scottish Government to ADR to resolve a family dispute please see https://www.mygov.scot/family-mediation/
110. The exemptions to the MIAM requirement in England and Wales are contained in Chapter 3 to Part 3 of the Family Procedure Rules for England and Wales. This is available at: https://www.justice.gov.uk/courts/procedure-rules/family/parts/part_03
111. http://www.justice.gov.uk/downloads/family-mediation-task-force-report.pdf
112. https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/399573/miams-report.pdf
113. https://www.scotcourts.gov.uk/search-judgments/judgment?id=5ea1eea6-8980-69d2-b500-ff0000d74aa7
114. https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/registration/recording-change-of-forename-and-surname-in-scotland
115. Further information on the form is available at: https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/registration/recording-change-of-forename-and-surname-in-scotland
116. https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ssi/2007/54/contents/made
117. Section 163(3) of the 2011 Act specifies the Principal Reporter has rights of appeal against a number of a sheriff’s determinations, including for example, appeals against decisions of a children’s hearing under section 163(1)(a)(iii).
118. Section 163(5) states that the Principal Reporter may not appeal against a determination by the sheriff confirming a decision of a children’s hearing.
119. http://www.scra.gov.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/The-Digital-Strategy-2016.pdf
120. Rule 26 of the Children’s Hearing’s Scotland Act 2011 (Rules of Procedure in Children’s Hearings)Rules 2013 sets out who is to receive information about a child prior to a children’s hearing.
121. Executive Summary p11, The Role of the Safeguarder in the Children’s Hearings System; C. McDiarmid, M. Barry, M. Donnelly, S. Corson; University of Strathclyde, Glasgow. http://www.gov.scot/Resource/0052/00526444.pdf
122. Section 67 of the Children Hearing(Scotland) Act 2011 lists the 16 grounds for which a child can be referred to a Children’s hearing( add link?).
123. Section 93 and 94 arise where a children’s hearing refer a child’s case to the sheriff to make a determination of whether the grounds of referral. Section 110 is where the sheriff is reviewing a grounds determination.
124. http://www.parliament.scot/S4_JusticeCommittee/Inquiries/FL8._Carruthers_and_Crawford.pdf
125. The SEA consultation authorities are: the Scottish Environment Protection Agency, Scottish National Heritage, and Historic Environment Scotland.
126. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32003R2201:EN:HTML
127. https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/full-text/?cid=24
128. http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ssi/2014/362/contents/made and http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ssi/2005/629/contents/made
129. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52014DC0225&from=EN
130. https://ec.europa.eu/transparency/regdoc/rep/1/2016/EN/1-2016-411-EN-F1-1.PDF
131. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2009:007:0001:0079:EN:PDF
132. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A32013R0606
133. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32016R1191
134. http://www.gov.scot/Publications/2017/03/5915
135. http://www.gov.scot/About/Review/legal-aid-review
138. https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/files//statistics/high-level-summary/j11198/j1119811.html
140. http://www.gov.scot/Publications/2012/05/6645
141. http://www.gov.scot/Publications/2017/03/5915/downloads
145. https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/files//statistics/time-series/2016-birth/births-time-series-tab14.xlsx
146. McKay K 2013 The treatment of the views of children in private law child contact disputes where there is a history of domestic abuse https://www.cypcs.org.uk/ufiles/views-of-children-and-domestic-abuse.pdf
147. https://www.cafcass.gov.uk/download/2124/
149. http://www.gov.scot/publications/scottish-crime-justice-survey-2014-15-partner-abuse//downloads
150. http://www.scra.gov.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/SCRA-Annual-Report-2016-17.pdf
151. Holt.S (2016) The voice of the child in family law: a discussion paper. Children and Youth Services Review (68)
152. Scottish Government (2000) Monitoring the Children (Scotland) Act 1995: Pilot Study available at: http://www.gov.scot/Resource/Doc/156495/0042016.pdf
153. Kay,E, Tisdall,M, Bray. R, Marshall K and Cleland A Children’s participation in family law proceedings: a step too far or a step too small? (2004) Journal of Social Welfare and Family Law 26(1) p17-33.
154. https://www.cypcs.org.uk/policy/domestic-abuse/power-uppower-down
155. https://www.clanchildlaw.org/Handlers/Download.ashx?IDMF=6be66e0e-4216-4bad-979b-e5cee781c320
156. Whitecross, R Child Welfare Hearings: A scoping study of the commissioning, preparation and use of bar reports. 2011 available at http://www.gov.scot/Publications/2011/01/07142042/0
157. Jappens, M and Van Bavel J Parental divorce, residence arrangements and contact between grandchildren and grandparents Journal of Marriage and Family vol 78(2) p 451-467
158. Lussier, G, Deater-Deckard,K, Dunn J and Davies L (2002) Support across two generations: children’s closeness to grandparents following parental divorce and remarriage Journal of Family Psychology vol 16(3) p363-376.
160. A survey of sheriff clerks’ perspective on child contact enforcement in Scottish sheriff courts 2006 available at:
161. http://www.gov.scot/Resource/Doc/156495/0042016.pdf
162. Baldwin L & Epstein R. Short but not sweet: A study of the impact of short custodial sentences on mothers and their children 2017
163. Black G. Identifying the legal parent/child relationship and the biological prerogative: Who then is my parent? Juridical Review. April 2018
164. Growing up in Scotland: Father –child relationships and child socio-emotional wellbeing. 2017. Available at: http://www.gov.scot/Publications/2017/03/5231
165. Caring for children after parental separation: would legislation for shared parenting time help children? 2011. Available at: http://www.nuffieldfoundation.org/sites/default/files/files/Would%20legislation%20for%20shared%20parenting%20time%20help%20children%29OXLAP%20FPB%207.pdf
166. Sodermans AK, Matthijs K Joint physical custody and adolescents’ subjective well-being: a personality x environment interaction 2014 Journal of Family Psychology vol 28(3) p346-356
167. Vanassche S. Alternating residence for children after parental separation: recent findings from Belgium 2017 Family Court Review vol 55(4)
168. Harman, J, Leder-Elder, S and Biringen Z Prevalence of parental alienation drawn from a representative poll 2016 Children and Youth Services Review vol 66. P62-66.
169. The Role of the Safeguarder in the Children’s Hearings System; C. McDiarmid, M. Barry, M. Donnelly, S. Corson; University of Strathclyde, Glasgow. Available at: http://www.gov.scot/Publications/2017/11/7936
170. https://www.scotcourts.gov.uk/search-judgments/judgment?id=5ea1eea6-8980-69d2-b500-ff0000d74aa7
172. Laing, K &Wilson G. 2010 Understanding child contact cases in Scottish sheriff courts Newcastle University. http://www.gov.scot/Resource/Doc/334161/0109246.pdf
173. https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/235744/0004.pdf (see paragraphs 2.36 to 2.51)
174. The School Report Stonewall 2017 Available at: http://www.stonewall.org.uk/sites/default/files/the_school_report_2017.pdf
177. http://www.gov.scot/Resource/Doc/334161/0109246.pdf
178. https://www.cypcs.org.uk/ufiles/views-of-children-and-domestic-abuse.pdf
179. https://www.cafcass.gov.uk/download/2124/
181. See for example Bauserman, R. (2002). Child Adjustment in Joint-Custody Versus Sole-Custody Arrangements: A Meta-Analytic Review. Journal of Family Psychology. 16(1): 91-102.
182. http://www.gov.scot/Resource/0051/00515142.pdf
183. https://www.iriss.org.uk/sites/default/files/2017-06/insights-38.pdf
184. Caring for children after parental separation: would legislation for shared parenting time help children? University of Oxford May 2011. http://www.nuffieldfoundation.org/sites/default/files/files/Would%20legislation%20for%20shared%20parenting%20time%20help%20children)OXLAP%20FPB%207.pdf
185. https://www.researchgate.net/project/Elvis-projektet
187. http://www.gov.scot/Publications/2017/10/3700
189. http://www.gov.scot/Topics/Statistics/Browse/Crime-Justice/Datasets/supptab1516
190. In respect of this protected characteristic, a body subject to the Public Sector Equality Duty (which includes Scottish Government) only needs to comply with the first need of the duty (to eliminate discrimination, harassment, victimisation and any other conduct that is prohibited by or under the Equality Act 2010) and only in relation to work. This is because the parts of the Act covering services and public functions, premises, education etc. do not apply to that protected characteristic. Equality impact assessment within the Scottish Government does not require assessment against the protected characteristic of Marriage and Civil Partnership unless the policy or practice relates to work, for example HR policies and practices.
191. See EQIA – Setting the Scene for further information on the legislation.
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