The road to recovery: a new approach to tackling Scotland's drug problem

Footnotes

1 Hay, G., Gannon, M., McKeganey, N.P., Hutchinson, S. & Goldberg, D. (2005) Estimating the National and Local Prevalence of Problem Drug Misuse in Scotland. Edinburgh: Scottish Executive.

2 Brown, M. & Bolling, K. (2007) Drugs Misuse in Scotland: Findings from the 2006 Scottish Crime and Victimisation Survey. Edinburgh: Scottish Government.

3 ibid.

4 NHS Information Services Division (2006) Scottish Schools Adolescent Lifestyle and Substance Use Survey ( SALSUS) Report 2006. Edinburgh: Common Services Agency.

5 Scottish Executive (2007) Drug Seizures by Scottish Police Forces, 2004/05 and 2005/06. A forthcoming report will publish the results of a Home Office study into the strength and types of cannabis seized by police forces from across the UK.

6 Hutchinson, S., Roy, K., Wadd, S., Bird, S., Taylor, A., Anderson, E., Shaw, L., Codere, G., & Goldberg, D. (2006) Hepatitis C virus infection in Scotland: Epidemiological review and public health challenges. Scottish Medical Journal, 51: 8-15. See also Scottish Executive (2006) Hepatitis C Action Plan for Scotland. Edinburgh: Scottish Executive.

7 General Register Office for Scotland (2007) Drug-related deaths in Scotland in 2006. Edinburgh :GROS.

8 Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs (2003) Hidden Harm. Responding to the needs of children of problem drug users. London: Home Office.

9 NHS Information Services Division (2007) Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2007. Edinburgh: Common Services Agency.

10 Brown, M. & Bolling, K. (2007) 2006 Scottish Crime and Victimisation Survey: Main Findings. Edinburgh: Scottish Government.

11 NHS Information Services Division (2007) Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2007. Edinburgh: Common Services Agency.

12 Home Office (2006) Measuring different aspects of problem drug use: methodological developments; Home Office Online Report 16/06; http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs06/rdsolr1606.pdf (2006).

13 Scottish Government (2007) The Government Economic Strategy. Edinburgh: Scottish Government.

14 Robertson, R. & Richardson, A. (2007) Heroin injecting and the introduction of HIV/ AIDS into a Scottish city J R Soc Med. 2007; 100: 491-494. See also Burns, S.M., Brettle, R.P., Gore, S.M., Peutherer, J.F., & Robertson, R.J. (1996) Epidemiology of HIV associated with injecting drug use in Edinburgh. Journal of Infection, Volume 32, Issue 1.53-62.

15 Scottish Government (2007) Review of Methadone in Drug Treatment: Prescribing Information and Practice. Online Report: http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2007/06/22094632/0

16 Scottish Advisory Committee on Drug Misuse: Methadone Project Group (2007) Reducing harm and promoting recovery: a report on methadone treatment for substance misuse in Scotland. Edinburgh: Scottish Government.

17 Scottish Government (2007) Report of the Stocktake of Alcohol and Drug Action Teams. Edinburgh: Scottish Government.

18 Scottish Advisory Committee on Drug Misuse: Integrated Care Project Group (2008) Essential Care: A Report on the Approach Required to Maximise Opportunity for Recovery from Problem Substance Use in Scotland. Edinburgh: Scottish Government.

19 A summary is provided in Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs (1998) Drug Misuse and the Environment: A Report by the Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs. London: Stationery Office.

20 See Leyland, A.H., Dundas, R., McLoone, P. & Boddy, F.A. (2007) Inequalities in Mortality in Scotland, 1981-2001.MRC Social and Public Health Sciences Unit Occasional Paper no. 16. Glasgow: MRC Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, 2007.

21 Scottish Executive (2005) Social Focus on Deprived Areas 2005. Edinburgh: Scottish Executive.

22 The 15 per cent most deprived data zones in the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation ( SIMD) 2006 contain 36 per cent (257,041) of Scotland's income deprived population and 33 per cent (134,347) of Scotland's employment deprived working age population (Scottish Executive, SIMD 2006). See also Scottish Executive (2006) High Level Summary of Statistics: Key Trends for Scotland 2006. Edinburgh: Scottish Executive.

23 Scottish Government and COSLA (2008) Early Years and Early Intervention: A Joint Scottish Government and Cosla Policy Statement. Edinburgh: Scottish Government.

24 Scottish Government (2007) Towards a Mentally Flourishing Scotland: Discussion Paper on Mental Health Improvement 2008-2011. Edinburgh: Scottish Government Online Discussion Paper. http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2007/10/26112853/0

25 Scottish Government (2008) Homelessness Monitoring Group Report - March 2008. Edinburgh: Scottish Government.

26 Forthcoming, however also see the Scottish Executive (2007) A Plan for Action on Alcohol Problems Update. Edinburgh: Scottish Executive.

27 NHS Information Services Division (2006) Scottish Schools Adolescent Lifestyle and Substance Use Survey ( SALSUS) Report 2006. Edinburgh: Common Services Agency.

28 Scottish Government (2007) Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Drug Education in Scottish Schools. Edinburgh: Scottish Executive. See also the latest reviews from the large scale evidence appraisal for Blueprint in England and Wales at http://drugs.homeoffice.gov.uk/publication-search/blueprint/DevelopingaBlueprint

29 Scottish Government (2007) Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Drug Education in Scottish Schools. Edinburgh: Scottish Executive.

30 Scottish Advisory Committee on Drug Misuse: Methadone Project Group (2007) Reducing harm and promoting recovery: a report on methadone treatment for substance misuse in Scotland. Edinburgh: Scottish Government

31 UN Office on Drugs And Crime (2008) Reducing the adverse health and social consequences of drug abuse: A comprehensive approach.UNODC.

32 See http://www.scottishrecovery.net/content/

33 Scottish Executive (2004) Residential detoxification and rehabilitation services for drug users: A review. Edinburgh. Scottish Executive. See also National Treatment Agency (2005) Treatment outcomes: what we know and what we need to know. National Treatment Agency.

34 Scottish Government (2007) Mental Health in Scotland: Closing the Gaps - Making a Difference: Commitment 13. Scottish Government: Edinburgh.

35 Scottish Executive (2001) Moving On: Education, training and employment for recovering drug users (2001) Edinburgh: Scottish Executive.

36 Mclean, C., Carmona, C., Francis, S., Wohlgemuth, C. & Mulvihill, C. (2005) Worklessness and Health - What do we know about the causal relationship? Evidence Review. Health Development Agency.

37 NHS Information Services Division (2007) Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2007. Edinburgh: Common Services Agency.

38 Department of Health, The UK Government, The Scottish Government, The Welsh Assembly Government and The Northern Ireland Executive. (2007) Drug Misuse and Dependence: UK Guidelines on clinical management. London. Department of Health (England).

39 Scottish Government (2007) Review of Methadone in Drug Treatment: Prescribing Information and Practice. Online Report: http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2007/06/22094632/0

40 Scottish Executive (2006) National Quality Standards for Substance Misuse Services. Edinburgh: Scottish Executive.

41 ibid.

42 Scottish Executive (2005) National Investigation into Drug-related Deaths in Scotland, 2003. Edinburgh: Scottish Executive.

43 Scottish Government (2007) First annual report from the National Forum on Drug-related Deaths. Edinburgh: Scottish Government.

44 Scottish Executive (2007) Drug Seizures by Scottish Police Forces, 2004/05 and 2005/06. Edinburgh: Scottish Executive National Statistics Publication.

45 Scottish Executive (2006) Low-Level Heroin Markets: A Case Study Approach. Edinburgh: Scottish Executive.

46 Serious Organised Crime Agency (2007) UK Threat Assessment 2006/07. London: Serious Organised Crime Agency.

47 McIvor, G., Barnsdale, L., Eley, S., Malloch, M., Yates, R. & Brown, A. (2006) The Operation and Effectiveness of the Scottish Drug Court Pilots. Edinburgh: Scottish Executive.

48 Eley, S., Gallop, K., McIvor, G., Morgan, K. & Yates, R. (2002) Drug Treatment and Testing Orders: Evaluation of the Scottish Pilots. Edinburgh: Scottish Executive.

49 McVie, S. and Bradshaw, P. (2005) Adolescent Smoking, Drinking and Drug Use at Ages 12 to 17, Edinburgh Study of Youth Transitions and Crime Research Digest No.7 ( http://www.law.ed.ac.uk/cls/esytc/findings/digest7.pdf)

50 Items of delinquency included in this definition are fare dodging, shoplifting, joyriding, theft from school, carrying a weapon, graffiti, vandalism, housebreaking, robbery, theft from home, fire-raising, assault, theft from vehicle and truanting from school.

51 As noted in the SPS Prisoner Survey (2007) and SPS Health Care Methadone Prescribing Snapshot Audit (2007). See www.sps.gov.uk

52 Scottish Executive (2006) National Strategy for the Management of Offenders - Reducing Re-offending 2006. Edinburgh: Scottish Government.

53 Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs (2003) Hidden Harm. Responding to the needs of children of problem drug users. London: Home Office.

54 http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/People/Young-People/childrensservices/girfec See also Scottish Executive (2007) Getting it right for every child in kinship and foster care. Edinburgh: Scottish Executive.

55 Scottish Executive (2006) Hidden Harm: Next Steps. Edinburgh: Scottish Executive.

56 More information on the Partnership Drugs Initiative, which is supported by the Scottish Government, can be found at http://www.ltsbfoundationforscotland.org.uk/

57 As set out in Scottish Government (2007) Getting it right for every child in kinship and foster care. Edinburgh: Scottish Government.