The Scottish Child Health Programme: Guidance on the 27-30 month child health review
Guidance on the core issues which should be addressed and recorded at the 27-30 month review, and standardised methods of assessment to ensure consistency of practice across Scotland.
Appendix 2: Developmental assessment tools
Primary purpose |
Age range |
Administration |
Source and costs |
Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Parents' Evaluation of Developmental Status (PEDS) |
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Structured elicitation of parental concerns about a child's development (various domains) to identify those at increased risk of developmental problems requiring more detailed assessment |
Birth to 9 years |
Parent complete questionnaire 10 questions 5 mins to complete and 2 mins to score |
PEDSTest.com, LLC http://www.pedstest.com/Home.aspx Manual: $79.95 Starter kit (includes 1 admin and scoring guide, 1 response form pad and 1 scoring and interpretation pad): $36 Administration and Scoring Guide: $4 Response forms (x50): $18 Score and Interpretation Forms (x50) : $18 |
Structured scoring required as the different concerns are more or less predictive of developmental problems at different ages |
Parents' Evaluation of Developmental Status: Developmental Milestones (PEDS:DM) |
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Structured elicitation from parents of children's developmental status relative to selected milestones/skills (various domains) to identify those at increased risk of developmental problems requiring more detailed assessment |
Birth to 7 years |
Parent complete questionnaire 6-8 questions about expected milestones depending on the child's age 5 mins to complete and 2 mins to score |
PEDSTest.com, LLC http://www.pedstest.com/Home.aspx Starter kit (includes manual, reusable laminated forms; 100 longitudinal recording forms; scoring template): approx $275 Recording forms (x100): $32 |
The selected milestones are those known to indicate increased risk of developmental problems if not met by the specified age |
Ages and Stages Questionnaire 3 (ASQ 3) |
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Structured assessment of all developmental domains using a parental questionnaire supported by observation of the child at play to identify children at increased risk of developmental problems |
4 months to 5½ years |
Health visitor and parent co-completed questionnaire and observation of child involved in guided play A series of age specific questionnaires are available each covering children within a 3 month age window Around 30 questions 10-15 mins to complete and 2-3 mins to score |
Brookes Publishing Co, Baltimore http://agesandstages.com/asq-products/asq-3/ http://products.brookespublishing.com/Search.aspx?k=ASQ One off cost of $275 (includes user guide, quick start guide, photocopiable print master set of questionnaires and scoring sheets, as well as a CD-ROM with printable PDF questionnaires) |
Can be used in conjunction with ASQ:SE No specific 'toy box' is provided to support the observation of play - normal household items are used |
Schedule of Growing Skills II (SOGS II) |
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Structured assessment of all developmental domains based on observation of the child at play to identify children at increased risk of developmental problems. |
Birth to 5 years |
Health visitor and parent co-completed questionnaire and observation of child involved in guided play Comprises 179 questions which cover the 0-5 age range. Only those pertinent for the age the child attends would be asked 10-14 mins to complete 15mins to score |
GL-assessment http://www.gl-assessment.co.uk/assessment-solutions/child-development Starter set (includes toy set, user guide, 10 record forms and 50 profile forms): £190 (+VAT) Reference manual: £72.50 (+VAT) User guide: £47.50 Training DVD: £108.00 (+VAT) Picture book: £55.00 Record forms (x50): £112.50 (+VAT) Profiles (x 50): £72.50 |
Can be used in conjunction with an additional tool to assess social/emotional development eg SDQ Developed and validated in the UK A specific 'toy box' is provided to support the observation of play |
Ages and Stages Questionnaire 3: Social and emotional (ASQ 3:SE) |
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Structured assessment of children's social, emotional and behavioural development using a parental questionnaire |
6 months to 5 years |
Parent complete questionnaire A series of age specific questionnaires are available each covering children within a 6-12 month age window Around 30 questions 10-15 mins to complete and 2-3 mins to score |
Brookes Publishing Co, Baltimore http://products.brookespublishing.com/Search.aspx?k=ASQ One off cost of around $175 (includes user guide, quick start guide, photocopiable print master set of questionnaires and scoring sheets, as well as a CD-ROM with printable PDF questionnaires) Training DVD: $50 Online options available also. |
Can be used along with the ASQ3 to provide more detailed assessment of social, emotional, and behavioural development |
Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) |
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Structured assessment of children's social, emotional, behavioural, and attention development using a parental questionnaire |
2 to 16 years |
Parent complete questionnaire Specific questionnaires for children aged 2-4 years are available The short version (around 25 questions) can be completed by parents or nursery teachers 5 mins to complete, 2-3 mins to score Longer versions (same questions plus questions assessing impact of problems on family functioning or change over time) also available |
Youth in Mind Available free of charge |
The 5 sub-domains assessed map easily to domains included in the national minimum dataset Developed and validated in the UK The SDQ was originally designed for children aged 3-16 years but has recently been validated on children aged 2 years although results are not yet published in peer reviewed format |
Sure Start Language Measure (SSLM) |
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Structured assessment of children's language development using a parental questionnaire |
16-30 months |
Parent complete questionnaire including standard word list Initial questions eliciting parental concerns about a child's development and asking whether children are starting to combine words followed by a 50 word list from which parents are asked to indicate the words that their child can say 5-10 mins to complete, 5 mins to score |
The SSLM is available free of charge in the report of 2004 data collection exercise ('The third implementation of the Sure Start Language Measure' available under 'Evidence' on http://www.maternal-and-early-years.org.uk/topic/0-3-years/speech-language-and-communication-development). It is also available on the Modernising Nursing in the Community website: The team that developed the SSLM can provide training on its use. One day's practical training with two trainers can be provided to Boards for around £600 plus travel expenses. The training would involve an overview of language and speech development across childhood, the importance of early building blocks and what to look for, comorbidity issues such as behaviour and hearing, and the role of the parent in the process as well as using the SSLM itself. Interested Boards should contact Professor James Law at the University of Newcastle (http://www.ncl.ac.uk/ecls/staff/profile/james.law - email James.Law@newcastle.ac.uk) for further information. |
Developed and validated in the UK The SSLM was developed to monitor the language development of children in Sure Start areas Three waves of data collection were undertaken In 2001 and 2003 a longer questionnaire and 100 word list were used; in 2004 a shorter questionnaire and 50 word list was used Girls consistently achieve higher word count scores than boys hence gender specific cut offs may be appropriate The 2004 SSLM performs equally well in children from a range of language backgrounds (e.g. bilingual homes) |
Modified - Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) |
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Questionnaire designed to identify children at increased risk of Autistic Spectrum Disorder |
18 to 30 months |
Parent complete questionnaire +/- follow on interview Initial questionnaire has 23 questions If questionnaire results raise concerns, a structured follow up interview is undertaken with the parent. This reduces the number of false positives identified and hence reduces unnecessary referrals 5 mins to complete, 2 mins to score (questionnaire only) |
M-CHAT.org or direct from the author http://www2.gsu.edu/~psydlr/DianaLRobins/Official_M-CHAT_Website.html Available free of charge |
At 27-30 months the M-CHAT may not reliably detect children at the higher functioning end of the autistic spectrum but it does show good ability to detect classical autism at this age In the UK, current advice is that the M-CHAT should not be used to screen for autism risk in all children; note that this is in contrast to advice in the US which is reflected on the M-CHAT websites |
Eyberg Child Behaviour Inventory |
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Questionnaire designed to assess parents' perception of the occurrence and impact of problematic childhood behaviours |
2 to 16 years |
Parent complete questionnaire 36 questions (same questionnaire and scoring method covers all age groups) 5 mins to complete, 5 mins to score |
Ann Arbor Publishers http://www.annarbor.co.uk/index.php?main_page=index&cPath=248_126 Professional manual: £45 Record forms (x25): £33 |
The questionnaire asks solely about negative or problem behaviours A teacher-complete version (the Sutter-Eyberg Student Behaviour Inventory) is available for older children only |
Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment: Infant/Toddler version (HOME: I/T) |
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Structured observation tool that supports assessment of young children's home environments and the quality of the parenting they are receiving |
Birth to 3 years |
Structured professional observation 45 items grouped into 6 subscales Assessment and scoring are conducted over about an hour. An observer spends time talking to the parent and observing their interaction with their child in their home environment. Presence or absence of various indicators (e.g. child has at least 10 age appropriate books, parent kisses child at least once, etc) are noted during the session. |
HOME inventory LLC Arizona State University http://fhdri.clas.asu.edu/home/index.html Comprehensive manual $50 Standard manual $40 Infant/toddler forms (x50) $15 |
The 6 subscales are parental responsiveness; acceptance of child; parental involvement; organization of the home environment; learning materials; and variety of experiences Other versions of the scale are available for older children up to 14 years and for children with disabilities |
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Email: Mary Sloan
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