Health screening: equity in screening strategy 2023 to 2026

Footnotes

1. NHS Inform, 'Screening' (2022), Introduction to screening in Scotland | NHS inform [accessed 06 June 2022].

2. Finch, David., Wilson, Heather, and Bibby, Jo. 'Leave no one behind, the state of health and health inequalities in Scotland'. The Health Foundation January2023. <Leave no one behind - The Health Foundation> [accessed 01 February 2023].

3. Public Health Scotland, 'What are health inequalities' (2021), <What are health inequalities? - Health inequalities - Public Health Scotland> [accessed 01 September 2022].

4. Public Health Scotland, 'Fundamental causes, the primary causes of health inequalities in Scotland' (2021), <Fundamental causes - Health inequalities - Public Health Scotland> [accessed 06 June 2022].

5. Note: We have chosen to write 'under-served' in this way to avoid this being misread as 'undeserved'

6. Marmot, Michael., Goldblatt, P., Allen, Jessica, et al. 'Fair Society, Healthy Lives: the Marmot Review: strategic review of health inequalities in England post-2010'. Institute of Health Equity 2010. <Fair Society Healthy Lives (The Marmot Review) - IHE (instituteofhealthequity.org)> [accessed 03 September 2022].

7. Equality Act 2010' (c.1) [online] <Equality Act 2010 (legislation.gov.uk)> [accessed 08 August 2022].

8. Robb, Kathryn A. 'The integrated screening action model (I-SAM): A theory-based approach to inform intervention development', Preventative Medicine Report, 23.101427 (2021) <The integrated screening action model (I-SAM): A theory-based approach to inform intervention development - ScienceDirect>.

9. Office for Health Improvement and Disparities, 'Population screening: review of interventions to improve participation among underserved groups', UK Gov, 27 January 2022. <Population screening: review of interventions to improve participation among underserved groups - GOV.UK (www.gov.uk)> [accessed 14 September 2022].

10. Campbell, Christine, Sommerfield, Tasmin, Clark, Gavin, et al. 'COVID-19 and cancer screening in Scotland: A national and coordinated approach to minimising harm'. Preventive medicine 151 (2021) <COVID-19 and cancer screening in Scotland: A national and coordinated approach to minimising harm - ScienceDirect> [accessed 12 September 2022].

11. The Scottish Parliament, 'Health Inequality and COVID-19 in Scotland', (2021), Health inequality and COVID-19 in Scotland | Scottish Parliament [Accessed 29.06.2022].

12. Public Health Scotland, 'Scottish Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) screening programme statistics', Public Health Scotland 07 March 2023. < https://publichealthscotland.scot/publications/scottish-abdominal-aortic-aneurysm-aaa-screening-programme-statistics/scottish-abdominal-aortic-aneurysm-aaa-screening-programme-statistics-year-ending-31-march-2022/ > [accessed 16 May 2023].

13. Public Health Scotland, 'Scottish bowel screening programme statistics', Public Health Scotland 21 February 2023. <https://publichealthscotland.scot/publications/scottish-bowel-screening-programme-statistics/scottish-bowel-screening-programme-statistics-for-the-period-of-invitations-from-may-2020-to-april-2022/ > [accessed 16 May 2023].

14. Public Health Scotland, 'Scottish breast screening programme statistics', Public Health Scotland 25 April 2023. <https://publichealthscotland.scot/publications/scottish-breast-screening-programme-statistics/scottish-breast-screening-programme-statistics-annual-update-to-31-march-2022/> [accessed 16 May 2023].

15. Public Health Scotland, 'Scottish cervical screening programme statistics', Public Health Scotland 05 October 2021. <https://publichealthscotland.scot/publications/scottish-cervical-screening-programme-statistics/scottish-cervical-screening-programme-statistics-annual-update-to-31-march-2021/> [accessed 01 September 2022].

16. Clark, Gavin., Strachan, Judith A., Carey, Frank A, et al. 'Transition to quantitative faecal immunochemical testing from guaiac faecal occult blood testing in a fully rolled-out population-based national bowel screening programme', Gut, 70 (2021), 106-113 <Transition to quantitative faecal immunochemical testing from guaiac faecal occult blood testing in a fully rolled-out population-based national bowel screening programme | Gut (bmj.com)> [accessed 12 September 2022].

17. Note: Sex refers to what is recorded on an individual's Community Health Index (CHI) number, this may differ to how an individual identifies their gender. In the future, we aspire to also collect screening data on gender.

18. Burr, Nicholas E., Derbyshire, Edmund., Taylor, John, et al. 'Variation in post-colonoscopy colorectal cancer across colonoscopy providers in English National Health Service: population based cohort study', BMJ 367 (2019), <Variation in post-colonoscopy colorectal cancer across colonoscopy providers in English National Health Service: population based cohort study | The BMJ> [accessed 12 September 2022].

19. Unpublished data from the Scottish Breast Screening System

20. Prothero, Louise., Cartwright, Martin., Lorencatto, Fabiana, et al. 'Barriers and enablers to diabetic retinopathy screening: a cross-sectional survey of young adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes in the UK'. BMJ Open Diabetes Research and Care, 10 (2022) <Barriers and enablers to diabetic retinopathy screening: a cross-sectional survey of young adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes in the UK | BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care> [accessed 12 September 2022].

21. Campbell, Christine., Douglas, Anne., Williams, Linda, et al. 'Are there ethnic and religious variations in uptake of bowel cancer screening? A retrospective cohort study among 1.7 million people in Scotland'. BMJ, 10 (2020) <Are there ethnic and religious variations in uptake of bowel cancer screening? A retrospective cohort study among 1.7 million people in Scotland | BMJ Open> [accessed 12 September 2022].

22. Public Health England, 'ANNB screening: identifying inequalities', UK Gov 25 August 2021. <ANNB screening: identifying inequalities - GOV.UK (www.gov.uk)> [accessed 08 August 2022].

23. Public Health England, 'Population screening: reducing inequalities for people with a learning disability, autism or both', UK Gov 14 June 2021. <Population screening: reducing inequalities for people with a learning disability, autism or both - GOV.UK (www.gov.uk)> [accessed 06 August 2022].

24. Public Health England, 'Population screening: improving access for people with severe mental illness', UK Gov 23 September 2021. <NHS population screening: improving access for people with severe mental illness - GOV.UK (www.gov.uk)> [accessed 06 August 2022].

25. Public Health England, 'NHS population screening: improving access for people in secure and detained settings', UK Gov 19 March 2021. <NHS population screening: improving access for people in secure and detained settings - GOV.UK (www.gov.uk)> [accessed 06 August 2022].

26. Public Health Scotland, 'Cancer incidence in Scotland to December 2021', Public Health Scotland 28 March 2023. <Cancer incidence in Scotland - to December 2021 - Cancer incidence in Scotland - Publications - Public Health Scotland> [accessed 16 May 2023].

27. Public Health Scotland, 'Cancer mortality Annual update to 2021', Public Health Scotland 25 October 2022. <Cancer mortality in Scotland - Annual update to 2021 - Cancer mortality - Publications - Public Health Scotland> [accessed 16 May 2023].

28. Davies, Emma., Crilly, Mike., Manson, Paul, et al. 'Factors influencing attendance at Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) Screening and interventions to reduce inequalities'. Unpublished (2017). <AAA-screening-attendance-systematic-review.pdf">Microsoft Word - 20171114_AAA Inequalities Literature Review (blog.gov.uk)> [accessed 09 January 2023].

29. Kobayashi, Lindsay C., Waller, Jo., von Wagner, Christian, and Wardle, Jane. 'A lack of information engagement among colorectal cancer screening non-attenders: cross-sectional survey'. BMC Public Health 29 (2016). <A lack of information engagement among colorectal cancer screening non-attenders: cross-sectional survey | BMC Public Health | Full Text (biomedcentral.com)> [accessed 12 September 2022].

30. Note: The Community Health Index (CHI) is a population register used in Scotland for health care purposes, and uniquely identifies a person using a CHI number. A person may be registered on CHI but not registered with a GP.