Scottish Health Survey - topic report: physical activity

Notes and References

1. Initial findings from this analysis have previously been referred to in The Legacy Evaluation Pre Games Report (2014). http://www.scotland.gov.ukc4256961-5c81-4a63-acd3-b03e6103eca2

2. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2008) Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans. www.health.gov/paguidelines/pdf/paguide.pdf.

3. Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology (2011) Canadian Physical Activity Guidelines and Canadian Sedentary Behaviour Guidelines. www.csep.ca/english/view.asp?x=949.

4. Note that young people aged 16-18 are treated as adults in SHeS and complete the adult version of the physical activity questionnaire. The early years recommendations are included for information only and this study refers only to analysis conducted on adults.

5. Bauman, AE, Reis, RS, Sallis JF et al. (2012) Correlates of physical activity: why are some people physically active and others not? Lancet 380:9838, p258-271

6. Lee, I-Min, Shiroma, EJ, Lobelo, F et al. (2012) Effect of physical inactivity on major non-communicable diseases worldwide: an analysis of burden of disease and life expectancy. Lancet 380:9838, p219-29
https://www.scribd.com/doc/100516951/The-Lancet-Series-Physical-Activity-Published-July-18-2012

7. Toronto Charter for Physical Activity: A Global Call for Action (2009) http://www.paha.org.uk/Resource/toronto-charter-for-physical-activity-a-global-call-for-action

8. WHO (2004) Global Strategy on Diet, Physical Activity and Health. World Health Organisation. http://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/strategy/eb11344/strategy_english_web.pdf

9. WHO (2010) Global Recommendations on Physical Activity for Health. World Health Organisation, Geneva. www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/factsheet_recommendations/en/index.html

10. WHO (2013) Global action plan for the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases 2013-2020. http://www.who.int/nmh/events/ncd_action_plan/en/

11. Allender S, Foster C, Scarborough P et al. (2007) The burden of physical activity-related ill health in the UK. J Epidemiol Community Health 61, p344-8

12. Scarborough P, Bhatnagar P, Wickramasinghe KK, et al. (2011) The economic burden of ill health due to diet, physical inactivity, smoking, alcohol and obesity in the UK: An update to 2006-2007 NHS costs. Journal of Public Health 33:4, p527-535

13. Cabinet Office (2002) Department of Culture Media and Sports Strategy Unit Game Plan: a strategy for delivering Government's sport and physical activity objectives. http://www.gamesmonitor.org.uk/files/game_plan_report.pdf

14. Foster, C and Allender, S. (2012) Costing the burden off ill health related to physical inactivity for Scotland. British Heart Foundation Research Group report for SPARCOll. NHS Health Scotland. www.healthscotland.com/uploads/documents/20437-D1physicalinactivityscotland12final.pdf>

15. Royal College of Psychiatrists (2012) Physical Activity and Mental Health. www.rcpsych.ac.uk/expertadvice/treatmentswellbeing/physicalactivity.aspx>

16. Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (2010) Non-pharmaceutical management of depression. A national clinical guideline. SIGN guideline no. 114.

17. See also relevant NICE guidance on treatment for mild to moderate depression:
https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg90/ifp/chapter/treatments-for-mild-to-moderate-depression

18. WHO (2010) Global Recommendations on Physical Activity for Health. World Health Organisation, Geneva. www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/factsheet_recommendations/en/index.html

19. Andersen, L.B. et al (2006) Physical activity and clustered cardiovascular risk in children: a cross-sectional study (The European Youth Heart Study). Lancet 368: 9532, p299-304.
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(06)69075-2/abstract

20. Department of Health (2011) Start Active, Stay Active - A report on physical activity for health from the four home countries' Chief Medical Officers. www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Publications/PublicationsPolicyAndGuidance/DH_128209>

21. Lee, I-Min, Shiroma, EJ, Lobelo, F et al. (2012) Effect of physical inactivity on major non-communicable diseases worldwide: an analysis of burden of disease and life expectancy. Lancet 380:9838, p219-29
https://www.scribd.com/doc/100516951/The-Lancet-Series-Physical-Activity-Published-July-18-2012

22. Global Health Observatory (GHO) Prevalence of insufficient physical activity http://www.who.int/gho/ncd/risk_factors/physical_activity_text/en/# , accessed August 2014.

23. Sturm, R (2008) Stemming the Global Obesity Epidemic: What Can We Learn From Data about Social and Economic Trends. Public Health 122:8, p1140-1143

24. Physical Activity Task Force (2003) Let's Make Scotland More Active: A Strategy for Physical Activity. http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/Doc/47032/0017726.pdf

25. NHS Health Scotland (2009) Five-year review of 'Let's Make Scotland More Active' - A strategy for physical activity. www.healthscotland.com/documents/3223.aspx

26. Scottish Government (2014) A More Active Scotland: Building a Legacy from the Commonwealth Games. http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/0044/00444577.pdf

27. Scottish Government (2007) Reaching Higher: Building on the Success of Sport 21. http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2007/03/07105145/0

28. Scottish Government (2014) Giving Children and Young People a Sporting Chance. http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2014/06/7317

29. Scottish Government (2010) Cycling Action Plan for Scotland. http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2010/06/25103912/0

30. Scottish Government (2014) Let's Get Scotland Walking - The National Walking Strategy. http://www.scotland.gov.uke8d274e8-38a0-415c-8006-912e4613ad2c

31. Edwards, P and Tsouros, A (2006) Promoting Physical Activity and Active Living Urban Environments: The Role of Local Governments. (A EURO Publication) http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/98424/E89498.pdf?ua=1

32. Bauman, AE, Reis, RS, Sallis JF et al. (2012) Correlates of physical activity: why are some people physically active and others not? Lancet 380:9838, p258-271

33. Beenackers, MA, Kamphuis, CBM, Giskes, K et al. (2012) Socioeconomic inequalities in occupational, leisure-time, and transport related physical activity among European adults: A systematic review. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 9:116

34. Scottish Government (2012) Scottish Health Survey Topic Report: Equality Groups
http://www.scotland.gov.uk45565db4-8a42-4660-b1e7-68bf626883b8

35. Higgins, V. and Dale, A. (2010) Ethnic differences in physical activity, diet and obesity, Research Findings, Understanding Population Trends and Processes (UPTAP). http://www.esrc.ac.uk/my-esrc/grants/RES-163-25-0033/read/reports

36. Scottish Government (2012) Scottish Health Survey Topic Report: Equality Groups http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/0040/00406749.pdf

37. Scottish Health Survey Reports and Publications - http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Statistics/Browse/Health/scottish-health-survey/Publications#a1

38. Entry of variables into the model is usually set at 5% and once the model has rejected its first variable that doesn't meet the criteria, the process stops regardless of how many variables are still to be tested in the model. Therefore, no entry level was set in the analysis for this study, allowing observation of which variables had the greatest effect on the variables already in the model.

39. Corder, K , Ekelund, U , Steele, RM et al. (2008) Assessment of physical activity in youth. Journal of Applied Physiology 105, p977-987

40. 150 mins moderate or 75 mins vigorous or a combination of both per week, using 2012 definitions of walking pace, sports and time spent very active at work.

41. The Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS) is a measurement of mental well-being of adults. Further information is available in Annex A.

42. Bauman, AE, Reis, RS, Sallis JF et al. (2012) Correlates of physical activity: why are some people physically active and others not? Lancet 380:9838, p258-271

43. Bauman, AE, Reis, RS, Sallis JF et al. (2012) Correlates of physical activity: why are some people physically active and others not? Lancet 380:9838, p258-271

44. Orrow, G., Kinmouth, A., Sanderson, S et al. (2012). Effectiveness of physical activity promotion based in primary care: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ 344:e1389

45. Gidlow C, Johnston LH, Crone D, et al. (2006) A systematic review of the relationship between socio-economic position and physical activity. Health education journal 65:4, p338 -367 http://hej.sagepub.com/content/65/4/338

46. Juneau, C and Potvin, L (2010) Trends in leisure, transport, and work-related physical activity in Canada 1994-2005. Preventive Medicine 51:5, p384-386

47. Church, TS, Thomas, DM, Tudor-Locke, C et al. (2011) Trends over 5 Decades in US Occupation-Related Physical Activity and Their Associations with Obesity. PLOS ONE 6:5, article e19657

48. Shankar, A, McMunn, A, Steptoe, A (2010) Health-related behaviors in older adults: relationships with socioeconomic status. Am J Prev Med 38, p39-46

49. Scottish Government (2008) Equally Well: Report of the Ministerial Task Force on Health Inequalities - Volume 2. http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/Doc/226607/0061266.pdf