Scottish Health Survey - topic report: UK comparisons

REFERENCES AND NOTES: INTRODUCTION AND METHODOLOGY

1. Details of the SHeS can be found here: www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Statistics/Browse/Health/scottish-health-survey

2. Details of the HSE can be found here: www.ic.nhs.uk/statistics-and-data-collections/health-and-lifestyles-related-surveys/health-survey-for-england

3. Details of the WHS can be found here: new.wales.gov.uk/topics/statistics/theme/health/health-survey/results/?lang=en

4. Details of the NIHSW can be found here: www.csu.nisra.gov.uk/survey.asp46.htm

5. Details of the GLF can be found here: www.statistics.gov.uk/statbase/product.asp?vlnk=5756

6. Health Policy and Economic Research Unit (2010) Devolution - a map of divergence. British Medical Association. Available from: www.bma.org.uk/healthcare_policy/nhs_system_reform/divergencemay2010.jsp

7. The Coalition: Our programme for government. London: Cabinet Office, 2010. programmeforgovernment.hmg.gov.uk/files/2010/05/coalition-programme.pdf

8. Office for National Statistics (2010) Population estimates for UK, England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland - current datasets Mid year population estimates 2008 www.statistics.gov.uk/statbase/product.asp?vlnk=15106

9. Office for National Statistics (2009) Scotland, England, Northern Ireland, Wales, Interim Life tables www.statistics.gov.uk/statbase/Product.asp?vlnk=14459

10. Leon, D.A,. Morton, S., Cannegieter S., and McKee, M. (2003). Understanding the health of Scotland's population in an international context: A review of current approaches, knowledge and recommendations for new research directions, Public Health Institute of Scotland, Glasgow

11. Carstairs, V., and Morris, R. (1989) Deprivation: explaining differences in mortality between Scotland and England and Wales. BMJ. 299:886-889

12. Doran, F. Drever and Whitehead, M. (2004) Is there a north-south divide in social class inequalities in health in Great Britain? Cross sectional study using data from the 2001 census, BMJ. 328: 1043-1045

13. McCormick, J., and Leicester, G. (1998) Three Nations: Social Exclusion in Scotland, Edinburgh: Scottish Council Foundation.

14. Scottish Executive (2005). Chapter 1: The Scottish Effect. In The Chief Medical Officer's Annual Report Health in Scotland 2004. Edinburgh, Scottish Executive.

15. Hanlon, P., Lawder, R., Buchanan, D., Redpath, A., Walsh D., Wood. R., Bain, M., Brewster, DH., Chalmers, J., Walsh, D. (2005) Why is mortality higher in Scotland than in England and Wales? Decreasing influence of socioeconomic deprivation between 1981 and 2001 supports the existence of a "Scottish effect", Journal of Public Health. 27 199-204

16. Sridharan, S., Tunstall, H., Lawder R., and. Mitchell, R. (2007), An exploratory spatial data analysis approach to understanding the relationship between deprivation and mortality in Scotland, Social Science & Medicine. 65 1942-1952

17. Walsh, D., Whyte B., and Gordon, D. (2007) Changing places? A comparative analysis of area-based health trends in Scotland through the 1980s and 1990s, Public Health. 121 889-897

18. Shelton, NJ. (2009) Regional risk factors for health inequalities in Scotland and England and the "Scottish effect". Social Science and Medicine. 69 (5) 761-7.

19. Walsh, D., Bendel, N., Jones, R, and Hanlon, P. (2010). Investigating a Glasgow Effect - Why do equally deprived UK cities experience different health outcomes? Glasgow: Glasgow Centre for Population Health.

20. Whynes, DK. (2009) Deprivation and self-reported health: are there Scottish effects in England and Wales? Journal of Public Health. 31, 1, 147-153

21. Dong, W. and Erens, B. [Eds.] (1997) Scottish Health Survey 1995. HMSO.

22. Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety (2001) Health and Lifestyle Report. Available from: http://www.csu.nisra.gov.uk/survey.asp51.htm

23. Bromley, C., Bradshaw, P. and Given, L. [eds.] (2009). The Scottish Health Survey 2008 - Volume 2: Technical Report. Edinburgh: Scottish Government. Available from: www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2009/09/28102003/0

24. Craig, R., Mindell, J., and Hirani, V. [Eds.] (2010). Health Survey for England 2008 - Volume 2: Methodology and Documentation. London: National Centre for Social Research. Available from: www.ic.nhs.uk/statistics-and-data-collections/health-and-lifestyles-related-surveys/health-survey-for-england/health-survey-for-england--2008-physical-activity-and-fitness

25. No technical report of the 2005/6 survey has been published, however methodological information can be found in the User Guide that accompanies the archived data, available from www.data-archive.ac.uk/findingdata/snDescription.asp?sn=5710&key=northern+ireland+health+and+social+wellbeing

26. Sadler, K., Doyle, M. Sanchez, M. and Hussey, D. (2009). Welsh Health Survey 2008 Technical Report. [Web only] Available from: wales.gov.uk/topics/statistics/publications/publication-archive/healthsurvey2008tech/?lang=en

27. The sample in Scotland is clustered in each calendar year, but is designed to be unclustered over four years.

28. In Scotland and England a maximum of ten adults per household were eligible to be included.

29. Although the 2008 survey fieldwork in Scotland, England and Wales all continued into 2009, the final batch of new sample was issued in December 2008. In contrast, new fieldwork assignments were issued in Northern Ireland in January and February 2006, hence the convention used throughout the report to describe NISHW as taking place in 05/06 and the other surveys as taking place in 2008.

30. Tipping, S., Hope, S, Pickering, K., Mindell, J. and Erens, B. (2008). An analysis of mode effects using data from the Health Survey for England 2006 and the Boost Survey for London. London: The National Centre for Social Research. Available from: www.ic.nhs.uk/webfiles/publications/HSE/London%20Boost%20Report_FINAL.pdf

31. Gardner, M. J. and Altman, D. G. (1986) Confidence intervals rather than P values: estimation rather than hypothesis testing. BMJ. 292: 746:750.

32. Bland and Altman caution against multiple testing and over-interpreting single significant results among a large number of tests. Although the approach used here, of setting a higher significance threshold, is not equivalent to using the correction method they suggest, it helps to reduce the risk of finding significant results by chance from 1 in 20 to 1 in 100. Bland, M. J. and Altman, D. G. (1995) Statistics Notes - Multiple significance tests: the Bonferroni Method. BMJ. 310: 170.

33. Bromley, C., Bradshaw, P. and Given, L. [eds.] (2009). The Scottish Health Survey 2008 - Volume 1: Main Report. Edinburgh: Scottish Government. Available from: www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2009/09/28102003/0

34. The web tables and 2008 report of the Welsh Health Survey are available from: wales.gov.uk/topics/statistics/publications/healthsurvey2008/?lang=en

35. Craig, R. and Mindell, J. [Eds.] (2008). Health Survey for England 2006 - Volume 1 Cardiovascular disease and risk factors in adults. London: National Centre for Social Research. Available from: www.ic.nhs.uk/pubs/hse06cvdandriskfactors

36. Craig, R., Mindell, J., and Hirani, V. [Eds.] (2010). Health Survey for England 2008 - Volume 1: Physical Activity and Fitness. London: National Centre for Social Research. Available from: www.ic.nhs.uk/pubs/hse08physicalactivity