Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation: 2009 General Report

4. Employment Domain

4.1. The employment domain identifies the proportion of people from the resident working age population who are unemployed or who are not involved in the labour market due to ill-health or disability. Being out of work is acknowledged to be a key factor of deprivation. As a result, the employment domain contributes significantly to the overall weighting of the SIMD. The indicators used in the employment domain have remained the same over the three versions of the SIMD and are listed in Annex B along with their relative weights. The SIMD 2009 Technical Report includes further information about the indicators used.

4.2. The data used to calculate the domain is from the 2008 calendar year to match with previous employment domains and with other indicators of the SIMD. An analysis of the effect of using more recent data to capture the effects of the economic downturn over the last year is available on the SIMD website (See link in Annex A). This shows that the impact is minimal due to the relative nature of the SIMD.

Changes since SIMD 2006

4.3. The indicators used are the same as for both SIMD 2004 and SIMD 2006. This makes it possible to assess change in terms of both the datazone ranks (relative change), as well as changes in terms of the numbers and distribution of employment deprived people (absolute change).

4.4. The employment domain in SIMD 2009 is very highly correlated with the SIMD 2006 employment domain with a Pearson's correlation coefficient of 0.97.

Employment Deprivation Across Scotland

4.5. The SIMD 2009 shows that across Scotland, 12% of the working age population are employment deprived (373,040 people). Of these, 33% (121,465 people) live in the 15% most employment deprived datazones in Scotland (see Chart 4.1). A third of the working age population in the 5% most deprived datazones are employment deprived, falling to a quarter in the datazones ranked 5-10% most employment deprived and then 22% in the datazones ranked 10-15%.

Chart 4.1: Percentage of working age people who are employment deprived in the SIMD 2004, SIMD 2006, and SIMD 2009, by employment domain vigintiles.

4.6. Glasgow City has the highest proportion of employment deprived people with 17% of its working age people in this category (67,890 employment deprived of 388,537 working age people). Aberdeenshire has the least amount of employment deprived people at 6% (9,095 people of 148,042 working age people) (see Table 4.1)

4.7. All local authorities saw numbers of employment deprived decrease, with the highest percentage decrease in the Shetland Islands, by 16% (160 people).

Table 4.1: Percentage of working age people who are employment deprived in the SIMD 2006 and SIMD 2009, by Local Authority area.

Local Authority	Employment Deprived People by Local Authority
	SIMD 2006		SIMD 2009		Change in No of Deprived 2009 - 2006
	Count	% Working Age Population	Count	% Working Age Population
Aberdeen City	13,635	10%	11,915	9%	-1,720
Aberdeenshire	10,335	7%	9,095	6%	-1,240
Angus	6,720	10%	6,075	9%	-645
Argyll & Bute	5,530	10%	5,085	9%	-445
Clackmannanshire	4,670	16%	4,260	14%	-410
Dumfries & Galloway	9,885	11%	9,315	11%	-570
Dundee City	14,915	17%	13,940	16%	-975
East Ayrshire	11,295	15%	10,290	14%	-1,005
East Dunbartonshire	5,245	8%	4,700	7%	-545
East Lothian	5,180	10%	5,020	9%	-160
East Renfrewshire	4,255	8%	3,740	7%	-515
Edinburgh, City of	29,300	10%	27,745	9%	-1,555
Eilean Siar	1,830	12%	1,585	10%	-245
Falkirk	11,855	13%	10,885	12%	-970
Fife	28,240	13%	25,825	12%	-2,415
Glasgow City	76,250	20%	67,890	17%	-8,360
Highland	13,555	11%	12,215	9%	-1,340
Inverclyde	9,535	19%	8,520	17%	-1,015
Midlothian	5,215	11%	4,890	10%	-325
Moray	4,785	9%	4,400	8%	-385
North Ayrshire	13,130	16%	12,135	15%	-995
North Lanarkshire	33,505	17%	29,565	14%	-3,940
Orkney Islands	900	8%	785	7%	-115
Perth & Kinross	6,900	9%	6,435	8%	-465
Renfrewshire	14,750	14%	13,410	13%	-1,340
Scottish Borders	5,560	9%	5,535	8%	-25
Shetland Islands	1,010	8%	850	6%	-160
South Ayrshire	8,550	13%	7,815	12%	-735
South Lanarkshire	26,270	14%	23,285	12%	-2,985
Stirling	5,310	10%	4,935	9%	-375
West Dunbartonshire	9,775	17%	9,030	16%	-745
West Lothian	12,040	12%	11,870	11%	-170
Scotland	409,907	13%	373,040	12%	-36,892

Source: SAPE 2004 ( SIMD 2006) and SAPE 2007 ( SIMD 2009).

Employment Deprivation by Local Authority

4.8. Chart 4.2 shows the spread of the 15% most deprived datazones in the employment domain by Local Authority. Almost half of the datazones in Glasgow are in the 15% most deprived in the employment domain, with a slight decrease in SIMD 2009. Inverclyde has the second highest percentage, but has seen a slightly larger decrease between SIMD 2006 and SIMD 2009. This fall means other areas will see an increase in levels of deprived datazones.

4.9. Between 2006 to 2009, Dundee City and North Ayrshire's proportion of datazones in the 15% most employment deprived has risen the most by 4% each. Glasgow City still has the highest proportion of datazones in the 15% most deprived in this domain at 42% in 2009. The most employment deprived datazone in Scotland is in the Barrowfield area in the East of Glasgow City.

4.10. Within the employment domain, North Lanarkshire had the most datazones moving into the 15% most deprived, at 11 new datazones. In the opposite direction, Glasgow saw 21 of its datazones moving out of the 15% most deprived.

4.11. The five Local Authorities with the highest levels of employment deprivation are Glasgow City, Inverclyde, Dundee City, West Dunbartonshire and North Ayrshire. Clackmannanshire was in this list in SIMD 2006 but has now been replaced by North Ayrshire. Clackmannanshire has seen a fall from 25% of its datazones in the 15% most deprived to 18%.

Chart 4.2: Proportion of datazones in each Local Authority in the 15% most deprived of the employment domain of SIMD 2009

Change over time

4.12. There has been no change in the methodology used in the employment domain since SIMD 2004. Therefore, the employment domain can be directly compared with the previous results.

4.13. As shown in Chart 4.1, overall, the number of employment deprived people has decreased across all three SIMDs. The numbers have fallen from 435,037 in SIMD 2004, to 409,907 for SIMD 2006, and to 373,040 people for SIMD 2009. These figures are based on 2002, 2005 and 2008 calendar year data respectively, and so reflect pre-economic recession activity.

4.14. Of the datazones in the 15% most deprived in the employment domain of SIMD 2009, 59% have remained in this category for the past 3 SIMDs. Glasgow City has the highest proportion (37%) of its datazones remaining in the 15% most deprived across the three SIMDs (see Chart 4.3). These are similar patterns to those for the overall SIMD.

Chart 4.3: In the employment domain: Each Local Authority's proportion of datazones that have remained in the 15% most deprived across all three SIMD 2004, 2006, and 2009

4.15. Table 4.2 shows the number of datazones in the 15% most employment deprived by Local Authority across all three versions of the SIMD. Glasgow has seen a drop of over 18% from 2004 to 2009, and along with North Lanarkshire, is the only Local Authority to see a consistent reduction across time. All other Local Authorities have either fluctuated or seen increases.

Table 4.2: Number of datazones in the 15% most deprived on the employment domain by Local Authority

Local Authority	Datazones in 15% most employment deprived
	2004	2006	2009
Aberdeen City	9	27	24
Aberdeenshire	2	6	4
Angus	4	7	7
Argyll & Bute	9	9	9
Clackmannanshire	13	16	12
Dumfries & Galloway	10	13	14
Dundee City	47	53	61
East Ayrshire	25	31	29
East Dunbartonshire	3	4	3
East Lothian	0	0	2
East Renfrewshire	7	6	7
Edinburgh, City of	49	57	54
Eilean Siar	0	0	0
Falkirk	22	22	20
Fife	49	67	67
Glasgow City	355	310	289
Highland	10	15	14
Inverclyde	37	46	42
Midlothian	2	1	2
Moray	1	0	3
North Ayrshire	35	36	43
North Lanarkshire	105	80	91
Orkney Islands	0	0	0
Perth & Kinross	1	7	5
Renfrewshire	44	39	44
Scottish Borders	2	2	2
Shetland Islands	0	0	0
South Ayrshire	13	15	18
South Lanarkshire	74	62	57
Stirling	7	6	6
West Dunbartonshire	32	29	31
West Lothian	9	10	16
Scotland	976	976	976