Scottish Marine and Freshwater Science Volume 5 Number 14: Electrofishing for Razor Clams (Ensis siliqua and E. arquatus): Effects on Survival and Recovery of Target and Non-Target Species

References

Breen, M., Howell, T. and Copland, P. (2011). A report on electrical fishing for razor clams ( Ensis sp.) and its likely effects on the marine environment. Marine Scotland Science Report, 2, 3.

Constantino, R., Gaspar, M. B., Pereira, F., Carvalho, S., Cúrdia, J., Matias, D. and Monteiro, C. C. (2009). Environmental impact of razor clam harvesting using salt in Ria Formosa lagoon (Southern Portugal) and subsequent recovery of associated benthic communities. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 19(5), 542-553.

Fahy, E. (2011). Biology and commercial exploitation of razor clams in Ireland. In Díaz, A. G., Seijo, C. L., Gaspar, M. B. and da Costa González, F. (Eds.). Razorclams: biology, aquaculture and fisheries. Xunta de Galicia, Consellería do Mar, 297 - 304.

Gilkinson, K. D., Fader, G. B. J., Gordon Jr, D. C., Charron, R., McKeown, D., Roddick, D., Kenchington, E. L. R., MacIsaac, K., Bourbonnais, C., Vass, P. and Liu, Q. (2003). Immediate and longer-term impacts of hydraulic clam dredging on an offshore sandy seabed: effects on physical habitat and processes of recovery. Continental Shelf Research, 23(14), 1315-1336.

Hall, S. J., Basford, D. J. and Robertson, M. R. (1990). The impact of hydraulic dredging for razor clams Ensis sp. on an infaunal community. Netherlands Journal of Sea Research, 27(1), 119-125.

Hauton, C., Atkinson, R. J. A. and Moore, P. G. (2003). The impact of hydraulic blade dredging on a benthic megafaunal community in the Clyde Sea area, Scotland. Journal of Sea Research, 50(1), 45-56.

Hauton, C., Howell, T. and Boyd, A. (2011). Razor clam fisheries in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. In Díaz, A. G., Seijo, C. L., Gaspar, M. B. and da Costa González, F. (Eds.). Razorclams: biology, aquaculture and fisheries. Xunta de Galicia, Consellería do Mar, 273 - 296.

Hauton, C., Howell, T. R. W., Atkinson, R. J. A. and Moore, P. G. (2007). Measures of hydraulic dredge efficiency and razor clam production, two aspects governing sustainability within the Scottish commercial fishery. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 87(04), 869-877.

Henderson, S. M. and Richardson, C. A. (1994). A comparison of the age, growth rate and burrowing behaviour of the razor clams, Ensis siliqua and E. ensis. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 74(04), 939-954.

Holliman, F. M., Kwak, T. J., Cope, W. G. and Levine, J. F. (2007). Exposure of unionid mussels to electric current: assessing risks associated with electrofishing. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 136(6), 1593-1606.

Holme, N.A. (1954). The ecology of British species of Ensis. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 32, 145-172.

ICES (2006). Answers to Special request on pulse trawl electrical fishing gear.

Muir, S. D. and Moore, P. G. (2003). Too close a shave for razor clams. Shellfish News, 15, 7-9.

Muir, S.D. (2003). The biology of razor clams ( Ensis spp.) (L.) and their emergent fishery on the west coast of Scotland. PhD Thesis, University of London.

Pinheiro J., Bates D., Debroy S., Sarkar D., the R Development Core Team (2011) nlme: Linear and Nonlinear Mixed Effects Models. R package version 3.1-101

Pinheiro J.C., and Bates D.M. (2000) Mixed-effects models in S and S-plus. New York: Springer Verlag.

Polet, H., Delanghe, F. and Verschoore, R. (2005a). On electrical fishing for brown shrimp ( Crangon crangon): I. Laboratory experiments. Fisheries research, 72(1), 1-12.

Polet, H., Delanghe, F. and Verschoore, R. (2005b). On electrical fishing for brown shrimp ( Crangon crangon): II. Sea trials. Fisheries research, 72(1), 13-27.

Quinn, G. P. and Keough, M. J. (2002). Experimental design and data analysis for biologists. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

R Development Core Team (2011) R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. URL http://www.R-project.org.

Scottish Government (2013a). Fisheries Management Database. Marine Scotland Science.

Scottish Government (2013b). Scottish Sea Fisheries Statistics 2012.

Scottish Government (2013c). Management Proposals of Inshore Fisheries Groups: Strategic Environmental Assessment Environmental Report. Marine Scotland Science.

Scottish Government (2014). Razor Fish Licencing Arrangements. www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/marine/Licensing/FVLS/razorlicence Accessed 18 Aug. 14. Scottish Licensing Review Working Group.

Scottish Natural Heritage (2014). Response to Consultation on the Recommendations for Razor Fish Licencing Arrangements.

Stewart, P. A. M. (1967). Observations on flat fish reactions to a model electrified beam trawl . ICES report for the Gear and Behaviour Committee , 8.

Tuck, I. D., Bailey, N., Harding, M., Sangster, G., Howell, T., Graham, N. and Breen, M. (2000). The impact of water jet dredging for razor clams, Ensis spp., in a shallow sandy subtidal environment. Journal of Sea Research, 43(1), 65-81.

UK Government (2014). Vessel lists. Marine Management Organisation, https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/uk-vessel-lists, accessed Jan 2014.

van Marlen, B., de Haan, D., van Gool, A. and Burggraaf, D. (2009). The effect of pulse stimulation on marine biota: Research in relation to ICES advice, progress report on the effects on benthic invertebrates. IMARES Report C103/09,49.

Van Marlen, B., Wiegerinck, J. A. M., van Os-Koomen, E. and van Barneveld, E. (2014). Catch comparison of flatfish pulse trawls and a tickler chain beam trawl. Fisheries Research, 151, 57-69.

Wanless, S., Harris, M.P., P. and Speakman, J.R. (2005). Low energy values of fish as a probable cause of a major seabird breeding failure in the North Sea. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 294, 1-8.

West B.T., Welch K.B., and Gateki A.T. (2007) Linear mixed models a practical guide to using statistical software. Chapman & Hall CRC.

Woolmer, A., Maxwell, E. and Lart, W. (2011). SIPF C0083-Effects of electrofishing for Ensis spp. on benthic macrofauna, epifauna and fish species. Seafish Report SR652.