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Publication - Statistics

Scottish Shellfish Farm Production Survey 2022

Published
31 May 2023
From
Cabinet Secretary for Rural Affairs, Land Reform and Islands
Directorate
Marine Directorate
Topic
Marine and fisheries
ISBN
9781805258995

This report is based on the returns of an annual survey questionnaire sent to all active authorised shellfish farming businesses in Scotland. Statistics on employment, production and value of shellfish from Scottish shellfish farms are presented.

View supporting documents Supporting documents

Production

The survey reports that the shellfish species cultivated in

Scottish waters in 2022 were:

Mussel: Mytilus spp.

Pacific oyster: Crassostrea gigas[1]

Native oyster: Ostrea edulis

Queen scallop: Aequipecten opercularis

Scallop: Pecten maximus

Production was dominated by mussel and Pacific oyster, although small quantities of scallop, queen scallop (queen) and native oyster were also produced. The 2022 production data for each species by region are given in Table 1.

Table 1: Scottish shellfish production by region, 2022.
Region Mussel Pacific oyster Native oyster Queen Scallop
  (tonnes) (000s) (000s) (000s) (000s)
  Table On-growing Table On-growing Table On-growing Table On-growing Table On-growing
Highland 707 75 1,817 2,015 0 0 0.6 0 37 0
Orkney 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Shetland 7,164 2,431 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Strathclyde 501 0 1,980 1,385 109 8 0 0 2 0
Western Isles 720 0 286 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
All Scotland 9,092 2,506 4,087 3,400 109 8 0.6 0 39 0
Weight (Tonnes) 9,092 2,506 327   9   <1   5  

NB: This report lists regions with active shellfish farms operated by authorised aquaculture production businesses.

Conversion to weight used the following assumptions (based on industry figures): individual oysters averaged 80g; individual scallops averaged 120g; individual queens averaged 40g.

Table = sales directly for human consumption;

On-growing = sales to other businesses for on-growing.

Table production by species is illustrated in Figure 1, while trends in production for the table market and on-growing in Scotland are presented in Table 2.

Table 2 : Trends in production data for the table and on-growing 2013-2022.
For the table 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 % change 21-22
Pacific oyster (000s) 1,891 3,392 2,693 3,534 5,034 4,031 4,393 2,863 4,853 4,087 -16
Native oyster (000s) 260 242 200 201 200 142 103 35 8 109 >100
Queen (000s) 33 18 33 155 273 18 18 0.5 0.5 0.6 20
Scallop (000s) 40 48 30 35 47 31 26 19 27 39 44
Mussel (tonnes) 6,757 7,683 7,270 7,732 8,232 6,874 6,699 5,661 8,590 9,092 6
For on-growing 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 % change 21-22
Pacific oyster (000s) 6,216 6,792 5,864 4,584 3,849 4,240 2,405 1,663 3,528 3,400 -4
Native oyster (000s) 1,015 749 13 323 481 344 327 10 41 8 -81
Queen (000s) 1,490 500 900 17 300 0 0 0 0 0 0
Scallop (000s) 1,470 136 49 23 9 4 0 0 0 0 0
Mussel (tonnes) 1,281 1,263 1,841 2,619 4,437 2,137 3,493 4,127 3,253 2,506 -23

Mussel production, for the table, increased by 6% in 2022 (see figure 1) to 9,092 tonnes. This is the highest level of mussel production recorded in Scotland. The greatest regional contribution to mussel production was from Shetland, accounting for 7,164 tonnes (79%) of Scotland's total. Pacific oyster production decreased by 16% from 2021. The production of farmed scallops increased by 44% while production of native oysters increased by over 100%. There was only a very small amount of queen scallop production during 2022 as the main producer ceased trading during 2022. Historical data for all shellfish species show that production levels vary year on year. This can be due to a number of different factors such as poor spat fall, algal toxins, poor growth, adverse weather, pandemic restrictions and fluctuations in market prices.

Figure 1: Table production by species 2013-2022.
Two line graphs. The first one showing mussel production totals (in tonnes) for the years 2013 through to 2022. The second showing Pacific oyster, Queen scallop, native oyster and scallop production total (by number of thousands of shells) for the years 2013 through to 2022.

Prices of farmed shellfish fluctuated throughout the year. Their value at first sale was estimated from the following figures obtained from the shellfish farming industry. These vary with demand, level of production and geographical area of origin. The average price of Pacific oyster was £0.41 per shell; native oyster, £0.50 per shell; scallop, £1.79 per shell; queen scallop, £0.13 per shell and mussel £950 per tonne. The value of the table trade is estimated from the production figures shown in Table 1.

Mussel: £8.6 million

Native oyster: £0.05 million

Pacific oyster: £1.7 million

Queen: > £0.0001 million

Scallop: £0.07 million

In 2022, the total value at first sale for all species was calculated at approximately £10.4 million, an increase of 6% from the £9.8 million estimated in 2021.

Contact

Email: Lorna.Munro@gov.scot

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