Offshore wind energy - draft sectoral marine plan: regional locational guidance

Footnotes

1. The Scottish Government. 2013. Planning Scotland's Seas - Sectoral Marine Plans for Offshore Wind, Wave and Tidal Energy in Scottish Waters Consultation Draft.
Available at: /binaries/content/documents/ govscot/publications/consultation-paper/2013/07/draft-sectoral-marine-plans-offshore-renewable-energy-scottish-waters-consultation/documents/00428241-pdf/00428241-pdf/govscot:document/

2. The Scottish Government, 2011. Blue Seas - Green Energy. A Sectoral Marine Plan for Offshore Wind Energy in Scottish Territorial Waters Part A, The Plan.
Available at: https://www.gov.scot/Topics/marine/marineenergy/wind

3. Scottish Government, 2018. Offshore Wind Sectoral Marine Plan Scoping Consultation.
Available at https://consult.gov.scot/marine-scotland/offshore-wind-scoping/.

4. Scottish Government, 2018. Sectoral marine plan for offshore wind energy: context report.
Available at https://www.gov.scot/publications/sectoral-marine-plan-offshore-wind-energy-encompassing-deep-water-plan/.

5. Scottish Government, 2018. Sectoral marine plan for offshore wind energy: social and economic impact assessment scoping report.
Available at https://www.gov.scot/publications/sectoral-marine-plan-offshore-wind-energy-encompassing-deep-waterplan-options/ .

6. Scottish Government, 2018. Sectoral marine plan for offshore wind energy: strategic habitat regulations appraisal pre-screening report.
Available at https://www.gov.scot/publications/sectoral-marine-plan-offshore-wind-energy-encompassing-deep-water-plan-9781788519632/.

7. Scottish Government, 2018. Sectoral marine plan for offshore wind energy: strategic environmental assessment screening and scoping report.
Available at https://www.gov.scot/publications/sectoral-marine-plan-offshore-wind-energy-encompassing-deep-water-options/.

8. Scottish Government, 2018. Search areas for offshore wind energy: scoping study.
Available at https://www.gov.scot/publications/scoping-areas-search-study-offshore-wind-energy-scottish-waters-2018/.

9. The Carbon Trust (2015) Floating Offshore Wind : Market and Technology Review.
Available at: http://www.carbontrust.com/media/670664/floating-offshore-wind-markettechnology-review.pdf

10. Statoil (2015) Hywind Scotland Pilot Park - Environmental Statement. doi:
http://www.statoil.com/en/ EnvironmentSociety/Environment/impactassessments/NewEnergy/IntWind/Pages/HywindScotland.aspx.

11. The Carbon Trust (2015) Floating Offshore Wind : Market and Technology Review.
Available at: https://www.carbontrust.com/resources/reports/technology/floating-offshore-wind-market-technology-review/

12. Scottish Government, 2018. Search areas for offshore wind energy: scoping study.
Available at https://www.gov.scot/publications/scoping-areas-search-study-offshore-wind-energy-scottish-waters-2018/.

13. ABPmer. 2017. Atlas of UK Marine Renewable Energy Resources.
Available at: http://www.renewables-atlas.info/. Accessed 30/09/2018.

14. ibid

15. National Grid. 2018. Future Energy Scenarios.
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16. National Grid. 2018. Network Options Assessment 2017/2018.
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17. ch2m. 2016. Scenario Mapping: The economic benefits of offshore wind energy in the East and North East regions of Scotland. Report to Marine Scotland, East Coast Renewables and The Crown Estate, April 2016.

18. Celtic Seas Partnership. 2016. Future Trends in the Celtic Seas, Scenarios Report, ABPmer Report No. R.2584d. A report produced by ABPmer & ICF International for Celtic Seas Partnership, August 2016.

19. ch2m. 2016. Scenario Mapping: The economic benefits of offshore wind energy in the East and North East regions of Scotland. Report to Marine Scotland, East Coast Renewables and The Crown Estate, April 2016.

20. Wave Energy Scotland. 2017.
Available at https://www.waveenergyscotland.co.uk/. Accessed 04/10/2018.

21. SIMEC Atlantis Energy. 2018.
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22. Nova Innovation. 2018.
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23. Scottish Government. 2019. Renewable Electricity Planning Statistics for Scotland.
Available at https://www.gov.scot/Topics/Statistics/Browse/Business/Energy/planningdata. Data as at March 2019.

24. ibid.

25. Baxter, J.M., Boyd, I.L., Cox, M., Donald, A.E., Malcolm, S.J., Miles, H., Miller, B., Moffat, C.F. 2011. Scotland's Marine Atlas: Information for the national marine plan. Marine Scotland, Edinburgh.
Available at https://www.gov.scot/Publications/2011/03/16182005/0.

26. United Kingdom Marine Monitoring and Assessment Strategy (UKMMAS). 2010. Charting Progress 2 Feeder Report Productive Seas. Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs on behalf of UKMMAS (Eds. Saunders, J. and McKie, J.) 472pp
Available online: http://chartingprogress.defra.gov.uk/

27. Scottish and Southern Electricity Networks. 2018. Completion of Caithness-Moray transmission link.
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28. AECOM and ABPmer. 2015. ISLES spatial planning and sustainability appraisal. Irish Scottish links on energy study: ISLES II: Towards implementation.

29. SSEN. 2019. SSEN statement on Western Isles and Shetland Needs Case consultations.
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30. North Connect. 2018. HVDC Cable Infrastructure- UK Construction Method Statement.
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31. European Network of Transmission Systems. Undated. Project 294- Maali.
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32. Awaiting data to include planned and potential future interconnector routes.

33. ABPmer. 2018. Study of the socio-economic benefits of marine industries included in the Seabed User and Developer Group. ABPmer Report No. R.3060.

34. Department for International Trade. 2014. Communications industry in the UK: investment opportunities. February 2014.
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35. Elliott, C., Al-Tabbaa, O., Semeyutin, A. and Tchouamou Njoya, E. 2016. An Economic and Social Evaluation of the UK Subsea Cables Industry. University of Huddersfield. A report commissioned by Subsea Cables UK and The Crown Estate.
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36. Pugh, D. 2008. Socio-economic Indicators of Marine-related Activities in the UK economy. The Crown Estate, 68pp.

37. TeleGeography. not dated. Submarine Cable Map.
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38. AECOM and ABPmer. 2015. ISLES spatial planning and sustainability appraisal. Irish Scottish links on energy study: ISLES II: Towards implementation.
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39. Baxter, J.M., Boyd, I.L., Cox, M., Donald, A.E., Malcolm, S.J., Miles, H., Miller, B., Moffat, C.F. 2011. Scotland's Marine Atlas: Information for the national marine plan. Marine Scotland, Edinburgh.
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40. Department of Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy. 2018. Plan to enable first UK carbon capture project from the mid 2020s announced at world-first summit.
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41. Scottish Centre for Carbon Storage (SCCS). 2009. Opportunities for CO2 storage around Scotland: An integrated strategic research study. Report for the Scottish Government. April 2009.

42. ACT Acorn. 2018. ACT Acorn feasibility study.
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44. HM Government. 2017. The Clean Growth Strategy, Leading the way to a low carbon future.

45. Committee on Climate Change. 2018. Reducing UK emissions, 2018 Progress Report to Parliament.
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46. Committee on Climate Change. 2018. Reducing emissions in Scotland, 2018 Progress Report to Parliament.
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47. Committee on Climate Change. 2018. Reducing UK emissions, 2018 Progress Report to Parliament.
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48. Scottish Government and Scottish Enterprise. 2011. Carbon Capture and Storage - A Roadmap for Scotland. Progress Report - May 2011.
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49. ABPmer and ICF. 2018. Study of the socio-economic benefits of marine industries included in the Seabed User and development Group. ABPmer Report No. 3060.

50. Scottish Government. 2017. Scottish Energy Strategy: The future of energy in Scotland.
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51. Scottish Government. 2018. Energy in Scotland 2018.
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52. Scottish Government. 2018. Oil and Gas Production Statistics.
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53. Oil and Gas UK. 2017. Economic Report 2017.
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54. Baxter, J.M., Boyd, I.L., Cox, M., Donald, A.E., Malcolm, S.J., Miles, H., Miller, B., Moffat, C.F. 2011. Scotland's Marine Atlas: Information for the national marine plan. Marine Scotland, Edinburgh.
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55. Total. 2018. Total announces major gas find offshore UK 24/09/2018.
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56. National Grid. 2018. Future Energy Scenarios in five minutes.
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57. Committee on Climate Change. 2018. Reducing UK emissions.
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58. Awaiting data to include oil and gas pipeline infrastructure

59. Edinburgh Airport Consultative Committee. 2018.
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60. Airport Operators Association and Civil Aviation Authority. 2016. Safeguarding of Aerodromes, Advice Note 5. Renewable Energy and Impact on Aviation.
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61. United Kingdom Marine Monitoring and Assessment Strategy (UKMMAS). 2010. Charting Progress 2 Feeder Report Productive Seas. Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs on behalf of UKMMAS (Eds. Saunders, J. and McKie, J.) 472pp
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63. Fisheries Research Services. 1996. Report No. 15/96 Surveys of the Beauforts Dyke Explosives Disposal Site, November 1995 - July 1996.

64. Scottish Government. 2015. Defence (Military)- Historic munitions disposal sites - January 2015.

65. United Kingdom Marine Monitoring and Assessment Strategy (UKMMAS). 2010. Charting Progress 2 Feeder Report Productive Seas. Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs on behalf of UKMMAS (Eds. Saunders, J. and McKie, J.) 472pp
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66. Marine Science Co-ordination Committee. 2015. Economic value and employment in the UK of activities carried out in the marine environment.
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67. MOD. 2019. Data tables relating to Finance and economics annual statistical bulletin: MOD regional expenditure with UK industry and commerce and supported employment 2017/18.
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68. MOD. 2017. Quarterly Location Statistics(QLS) 1 October 2017.
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69. Scottish Government, 2018. Scottish Sea Fisheries Statistics 2017.
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70. MMO, 2018. UK Sea Fisheries Statistics, 2017.
Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/uk-sea-fisheries-annual-statistics-report-2017. Accessed 22/10/2018.

71. Scottish Government, 2018. Ibid.

72. Scottish Government, 2018. Ibid.

73. Scottish Government. 2012. Offshore Wind Energy in Scottish Waters - Draft Regional Locational Guidance. doi: 10.7489/1686-1

74. Scottish Government, 2018. Scottish Sea Fisheries Statistics 2017.
Available at: https://www.gov.scot/Topics/Statistics/Browse/Agriculture-Fisheries/PubFisheries. Accessed 22/10/2018.

75. NAFC, 2017. Shetland Fisheries Statistics 2016. Ian R. Napier. NAFC Marine Centre, University of the Highlands and Islands.
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76. Scottish Government, 2018. Scottish Sea Fisheries Statistics 2017.
Available at: https://www.gov.scot/Topics/Statistics/Browse/Agriculture-Fisheries/PubFisheries. Accessed 22/10/2018.

77. ibid

78. Marine Scotland, 2018. Scotland's Marine Economic Statistics. Published by The Scottish Government, October 2018. 77 pages.
Available at: https://www2.gov.scot/Resource/0054/00542012.pdf. Accessed 22/10/18.

79. Scottish Government, 2018. Ibid.

80. Marine Scotland, 2018. Scotland's Marine Economic Statistics. Published by The Scottish Government, October 2018. 77 pages.
Available at: https://www2.gov.scot/Resource/0054/00542012.pdf. Accessed 22/10/18.

81. Marine Scotland, 2018. Ibid.

82. Seafish, 2017. 2016 Seafood Processing Industry Report.
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83. Scottish Government, 2018. Scottish Government, 2018. Scottish Sea Fisheries Statistics 2017.
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84. Scottish Government. 2018. Aquaculture Growth to 2030, A strategic plan for farming Scotland's seas.
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85. Scottish Government. 2018. Aquaculture.
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86. SPICe, 2018. Salmon farming in Scotland. 13 February 2018, SB 18-12 rev

87. Marine Scotland Science, 2017. Scottish fish farm production survey 2016.
Available online at: https://www.gov.scot/Resource/0052/00524803.pdf

88. These figures refer specifically to fish production and do not include the associated processing and marketing activities.

89. Ibis

90. Marine Scotland. 2018. Marine Scotland Science, Scottish Shellfish Farm Production Survey 2017. May 2018.
Available at https://www.gov.scot/Topics/marine/Fish-Shellfish/FHI/surveys.

91. ibid

92. ibid

93. ibid

94. Black, K. and Hughes, A. 2017. Future of the sea: Trends in aquaculture. Foresight - Future of the sea evidence review. Foresight Government Office for Science.
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95. Highland and Islands Enterprise (HIE) and Marine Scotland, 2017. The value of aquaculture to Scotland. June 2017.

96. Black and Hughes. 2017. Future of the Sea: Trends in Aquaculture.
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97. Black and Hughes. 2017. Future of the Sea: Trends in Aquaculture.
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98. HIE and Marine Scotland. 2017. The Value of Aquaculture to Scotland, A report for Highlands and Islands Enterprise and Marine Scotland. June 2017.
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99. Celtic Seas Partnership. 2016. What does the future hold for the Celtic Seas?
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100. Transport Scotland. 2018. Scottish Transport Statistics. No. 36, 2017 Edition.
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101. Department for Transport. 2017. Transport Statistics Great Britain 2017.
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102. Fraser of Allander Institute. 2015. The Economic and Social Impact of CalMac Ferries Ltd on Scotland.
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103. Scottish Government. 2015. Scotland's National Marine Plan.
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104. Cebr, 2017. The economic contribution of the UK Maritime Sector, A report for Maritime UK.
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105. ABPmer and RPA, 2013. Developing the socio-economic evidence base for offshore renewable sectoral marine plans in Scottish Waters. Report R.2045, June 2013. Appendix B.
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106. Baxter, J.M., Boyd, I.L., Cox, M., Donald, A.E., Malcolm, S.J., Miles, H., Miller, B., Moffat, C.F. 2011. Scotland's Marine Atlas: Information for the national marine plan. Marine Scotland, Edinburgh.
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107. ibid

108. United Kingdom Marine Monitoring and Assessment Strategy (UKMMAS). 2010. Charting Progress 2 Feeder Report Productive Seas. Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs on behalf of UKMMAS (Eds. Saunders, J. and McKie, J.) 472pp
Available online: http://chartingprogress.defra.gov.uk/

109. SEPA. 2016. Prioritised flood protection schemes.
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110. Land Use Consultants. 2016. Scottish marine recreation and tourism survey 2015.
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111. RYA. 2016. UK Coastal Atlas of Recreational Boating. Second Edition.
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112. EKOS. 2016. Sailing Tourism in Scotland, Report for The Crown Estate, Highlands and Islands Enterprise and Scottish Canals. December 2016.

113. Marine Tourism Development Group (MTDG). 2015. Awakening the Giant: A strategic framework for Scotland's marine tourism sector.
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114. Baxter, J.M., Boyd, I.L., Cox, M., Donald, A.E., Malcolm, S.J., Miles, H., Miller, B., Moffat, C.F. 2011. Scotland's Marine Atlas: Information for the national marine plan. Marine Scotland, Edinburgh.
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115. Land Use Consultants. 2007. A Review of Marine and Coastal Recreation in Scotland. Report No. F05AA608.

116. Radford, A., Riddington, G. and Gibson, H. 2009. Economic Impact of Recreational Sea Angling in Scotland. Prepared for the Scottish Government. July 2009. ISBN: 978-0-7559-8130-4.
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117. Visit Scotland. 2018. Up-to-date facts, figures and analysis.
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118. Marine Tourism Development Group (MTDG). 2015. Awakening the Giant: A strategic framework for Scotland's marine tourism sector.
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119. The James Hutton Institute. 2010. Scotland's Coastal Assets.
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120. Scottish Government. 2018. Summary: Age demographics.
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121. Scottish Government, 2018. The Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD).
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122. SEPA. 2018. SEPA Water Classification Hub.
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123. OSPAR. 2017. Condition of Benthic Habitat Communities: Subtidal habitats of the Southern North Sea.
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124. Baxter, J.M., Boyd, I.L., Cox, M., Donald, A.E., Malcolm, S.J., Miles, H., Miller, B., Moffat, C.F. 2011. Scotland's Marine Atlas: Information for the national marine plan. Marine Scotland, Edinburgh.
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125. ibid

126. Regulation (EU) 2016/2336 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 December 2016 establishing specific conditions for fishing for deep-sea stocks in the North East Atlantic and provisions for fishing in international waters of the North East Atlantic and repealing Council Regulation (EC) No 2347/2002.
Available at https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32016R2336

127. Baxter, J.M., Boyd, I.L., Cox, M., Donald, A.E., Malcolm, S.J., Miles, H., Miller, B., Moffat, C.F. 2011. Scotland's Marine Atlas: Information for the national marine plan. Marine Scotland, Edinburgh.
Available at https://www.gov.scot/Publications/2011/03/16182005/0.

128. Baxter, J.M., Boyd, I.L., Cox, M., Donald, A.E., Malcolm, S.J., Miles, H., Miller, B., Moffat, C.F. 2011. Scotland's Marine Atlas: Information for the national marine plan. Marine Scotland, Edinburgh.
Available at https://www.gov.scot/Publications/2011/03/16182005/0.

129. ibid

130. ibid

131. T. J. Webb, E. Vanden Berghe, R. O'Dor. 2010. Biodiversity's big wet secret: The global distribution of marine biological records reveals chronic under-exploration of the deep pelagic ocean, PLoS One.
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132. K. J. Mengerink, C. L. Van Dover, J. Ardron, M. Baker, E. Escobar-Briones, K. Gjerde, L. A. Levin. 2014. A call for deep-ocean stewardship, Science.
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133. Davidson. 1996. An estimation of the total number of marine species that occur in Scottish coastal waters.
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134. Tyler-Walters, H., James, B., Carruthers, M. (eds.), Wilding, C., Durkin, O., Lacey, C., Philpott, E., Adams, L., Chaniotis, P.D., Wilkes, P.T.V., Seeley, R., Neilly, M., Dargie, J. & Crawford-Avis, O.T. 2016. Descriptions of Scottish Priority Marine Features (PMFs). Scottish Natural Heritage Commissioned Report No. 406.
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135. ibid.

136. Ellis, J.R., Milligan, S.P., Readdy, L.,Taylor, N. and Brown, M.J. 2012. Spawning and nursery grounds of selected fish species in UK waters. Sci. Ser. Tech. Rep., Cefas, Lowestoft, 147: 56 pp.

137. ABPmer, 2014. Habitats Regulations Appraisal for the Wave and Tidal Further Leasing. Reports for The Crown Estate, ABP Marine Environmental Research Ltd, Report No: R.2160a-c. April 2014.

138. Baxter, J.M., Boyd, I.L., Cox, M., Donald, A.E., Malcolm, S.J., Miles, H., Miller, B., Moffat, C.F. 2011. Scotland's Marine Atlas: Information for the national marine plan. Marine Scotland, Edinburgh.
Available at https://www.gov.scot/Publications/2011/03/16182005/0.

139. Duck, C.D. & Morris, C.D. 2016. Surveys of harbour and grey seals on the south-east (border to Aberlady Bay) and south-west (Sound of Jura to Solway Firth) coasts of Scotland, in Shetland, in the Moray Firth and in the Firth of Tay in August 2015. Scottish Natural Heritage Commissioned Report No. 929.
Available at http://marine.gov.scot/data/snh-commissioned-report-929-surveys-harbour-and-grey-seals-south-east-border-aberlady-bay-and.

140. ibid

141. Arso Civil, M., Smout, S., Thompson, D., Brownlow, A., Davison, N., Doeschate, M., Duck, C., Morris, C., Cummings, C., McConnell, B. and Hall, A. J. (2018) Harbour Seal Decline - vital rates and drivers. Report to Scottish Government HSD2.
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142. SCOS (2017) Scientific Advice on Matters Related to the Management of Seal Populations: 2017.
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143. ibid.

144. Jefferies, D.J., Strachan, C. & Strachan, R. 2003. Estimated numbers of the three interacting riparian mammals in Britain using survey data. In: Jefferies, D.J. (Ed) The water vole and mink survey of 1996-1998 with a history of the long-term changes in the status of both species and their causes, pp. 188-197. Vincent Wildlife Trust, Ledbury.

145. Scottish Natural Heritage. 2015. Trend Note: Trends of Otters in Scotland.
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146. O'Neil, Katie E. Cunningham, Emily G. Moore, Daniel M.2019 Sudden seasonal occurrence of humpback whales Megaptera novaeangliae in the Firth of Forth, Scotland and first confirmed movement between high-latitude feeding grounds and United Kingdom waters- Marine Biodiversity Records- 12 - 1

147. Whaletrack. UiT (2018). In: The Arctic University of Norway; [online].
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148. Hebridean Whale and Dolphin Trust (2019) Sightings map [online]
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149. Baxter, J.M., Boyd, I.L., Cox, M., Donald, A.E., Malcolm, S.J., Miles, H., Miller, B., Moffat, C.F. 2011. Scotland's Marine Atlas: Information for the national marine plan. Marine Scotland, Edinburgh.
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150. SNH. 2018. Biodiversity Indicator: The numbers and breeding success of seabirds, S005, July 2018.

151. Amkreutz, L., Verpoorte, A., Waters-Rist, A., Niekus, M., van Heekeren, V., van der Merwe, A., van der Plicht, H., Glimmerveen, J., Stapert, D., Johansen, L. 2018. What lies beneath...Late Glacial human occupation of the submerged North Sea landscape, Antiquity vol 92 Issue 361.
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152. Bicket, A., Tizzard, L., Firth, A. and Benjamin, J. 2014. Heritage Management and Submerged Prehistory in the United Kingdom. Prehistoric Archaeology on the Continental Shelf. 10.1007/978-1-4614-9635-9_12.
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153. Awaiting data

154. Geographic Information Group. 2012. Landscapes of Scotland Map. [online]
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155. Countryside Commission for Scotland. 1978. Scotland's Scenic Heritage.

156. SNH, 2019, Landscape Policy: Wild Land, [online]
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157. Scottish Government, 2014, Scottish Planning Policy, June 2014.

158. Scott, K.E., Anderson, C., Dunsford, H., Benson, J.F. and MacFarlane, R. 2005. An assessment of the sensitivity and capacity of the Scottish seascape in relation to offshore windfarms. Scottish Natural Heritage Commissioned Report No.103 (ROAME No. F03AA06).
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159. Scottish Government. 2017. Places, People and Planning consultation: Scottish Ministers' position statement.
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160. National Grid. 2017. Electricity Ten Year Statement, November 2017.
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161. The figures within this column, and throughout the subsequent regional discussions are based upon an assumption of 5MW potential installed capacity per km². The source of this assumption is based on available literature as summarised in: Borrmann, R., Rehfeldt, K., Wallasch, A-K., Luers, S. 2018. Capacity Densities of European Offshore Wind Farms.

162. Scottish Enterprise and Highlights and Islands Enterprise. 2010. National Renewables Infrastructure Plan Stage 2.

163. Offshorewind.biz. 2018.
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164. BVG Associates, 2011. UK content analysis of Robin Rigg offshore wind farm, a report commissioned by E.ON Climate and Renewables.
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165. Parliamentary Questions, 2018. MOD West Freugh: Written question - 130817
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166. Fisheries Research Services, undated. Case Study: Munitions Dumping at Beaufort's Dyke.

167. ibid

168. MMO, 2016. UK Fishing Vessel Numbers by Home Port 2016.
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169. MMO, 2016. Fish Landings to UK Ports.
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170. Scottish Government. 2012. Offshore Wind Energy in Scottish Waters - Draft Regional Locational Guidance. doi: 10.7489/1686-1.

171. Port of Cairnryan. 2018. Port of Cairnryan.
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172. Visit Scotland. 2018. Insight Department: Visitors to Dumfries and Galloway.
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173. Ellis, J.R., Milligan, S.P., Readdy, L.,Taylor, N. and Brown, M.J. 2012. Spawning and nursery grounds of selected fish species in UK waters. Sci. Ser. Tech. Rep., Cefas. Lowestoft, 147: 56 pp.

174. Land Use Consultants. 2010. The Solway Coast Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, Landscape and Seascape Character Assessment.
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175. Scottish Natural Heritage (2010). The special qualities of the National Scenic Areas. Scottish Natural Heritage Commissioned Report No.374 (iBids and Project no. 648).

176. Scott, K.E., Anderson, C., Dunsford, H., Benson, J.F. and MacFarlane, R. 2005. An assessment of the sensitivity and capacity of the Scottish seascape in relation to offshore windfarms. Scottish Natural Heritage Commissioned Report No.103 (ROAME No. F03AA06).
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177. ibid

178. Argyle and Bute Renewable Alliance. 2017. Renewable Energy Action Plan.

179. South Ayrshire Council. 2013. Report by Executive Director - Economy, Neighbourhood and Environment to Leadership Panel of 5 November 2013, Subject: Planning Scotland's Seas - South Ayrshire Council's Response to Scottish Government Consultation and Seascape/Landscape Assessment for the Firth of Clyde.
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180. Dumfries and Galloway Council. 2017. Local Development Plan Supplementary Guidance, Part 1 Wind Energy Development: Development Management Considerations: Appendix 'C' Dumfries & Galloway Wind Farm Landscape Capacity Study. Adopted 22 June 2017.
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181. The figures within this column, and throughout the subsequent regional discussions are based upon an assumption of 5MW potential installed capacity per km². The source of this assumption is based on available literature as summarised in: Borrmann, R., Rehfeldt, K., Wallasch, A-K., Luers, S. 2018. Capacity Densities of European Offshore Wind Farms.

182. Scottish Enterprise and Highlights and Islands Enterprise. 2010. National Renewables Infrastructure Plan Stage 2.

183. Scottish Government. 2014. Scotland's Third National Planning Framework.

184. Peel Ports Group. 2018. E.ON Backs a bright future at Hunterston.
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185. Munro. 2018. Isles MSP hopeful of jobs revival at mothballed fabrication yard in Outer Hebrides, News published in the Press and Journal, 12 September 2018.

186. Stornoway Port Authority. 2016. Draft Masterplan for Stornoway Port.

187. Offshorewind.biz. 2018.
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188. Beatrice Offshore Wind Ltd. 2019. About.
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189. Kishorn Port. 2018. Kishorn Port & Dry Dock - Showcase Day 19th September 2018.
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190. Tiree Onshore Scenario Mapping Steering Group. 2012. Tiree Onshore Scenario Mapping Study.
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191. DP Energy. 2018.
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192. Simec Atlantis. 2017. Islay Project.
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193. Marine Scotland. 2013. Wave Energy in Scottish Waters- Initial Plan Framework (Draft Plan Options).

194. Marine Scotland. 2013. Tidal Energy in Scottish Waters- Initial Plan Framework (Draft Plan Options).

195. Scottish Government. 2015. Scotland's National Marine Plan, A Single Framework for Managing Our Seas.

196. Western Link. 2018. Western Link Project.
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197. Glasgow Airport. 2018. Destinations.
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198. Glasgow Prestwick Airport. 2016. Destinations.
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199. Highlands and Islands Airports Limited. 2018. Destinations.
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200. MMO, 2016. UK Fishing Vessel Numbers by Home Port 2016.
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201. MMO, 2016. Fish Landings to UK Ports.
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202. Scottish Government. 2012. Offshore Wind Energy in Scottish Waters - Draft Regional Locational Guidance. doi: 10.7489/1686-1.

203. Scottish Government. 2016. Marine Scotland Science. Scottish Fish Farm Production Survey 2016.

204. Scottish Government. 2017. Marine Scotland Science. Scottish Shellfish Farm Production Survey 2017.

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206. Baxter, J.M., Boyd, I.L., Cox, M., Donald, A.E., Malcolm, S.J., Miles, H., Miller, B., Moffat, C.F. 2011. Scotland's Marine Atlas: Information for the national marine plan. Marine Scotland, Edinburgh.
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207. Benfield, S., McConnell, S. 2007. Marine and Coastal Visitor Management, Public Engagement and Interpretation in Argyll and the Islands: the way forward. Marine and Coastal Development Unit, Argyll and Bute Council, 2007, 1-145.

208. Hebridean Whale and Dolphin Trust. 2018. About HWDT.
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209. National Records of Scotland. 2018. Mid-Year Population Estimates, Mid-2017.
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210. National Statistics, 2018. Regional Employment Patterns: Statistics from the Annual Population Survey 2017.
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211. SEPA. 2018. Water Classification Hub, water body condition data for 2017.
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212. Marine Scotland. 2011. Data collated for Marine Atlas, various sources from differing years, presented on NMPi.

213. Ellis, J.R., Milligan, S.P., Readdy, L.,Taylor, N. and Brown, M.J. 2012. Spawning and nursery grounds of selected fish species in UK waters. Sci. Ser. Tech. Rep., Cefas. Lowestoft, 147: 56 pp.

214. SMRU. 2016. Scientific Advice on Matters Related to the Management of Seal Populations.

215. SMRU. 2016. Scientific Advice on Matters Related to the Management of Seal Populations.

216. Paxton, C.G.M., Scott-Hayward, L.A.S. & Rexstad, E. 2014. Statistical approaches to aid the identification of Marine Protected Areas for minke whale, Risso's dolphin, white-beaked dolphin and basking shark. Scottish Natural Heritage Commissioned Report No. 594.

217. Wakefield, E., Owen, E., Baer, J., Carroll, M., Daunt, F., Dodd, S., Green, J., Guilford, T., Mavor, R., Miller, P., Newell, M., Newton, S., Robertson, G., Shoji, A., Soanes, L., Votier, S., Wanless, S., Bolton, M. 2017. Density, fine-scale tracking, and large-scale modeling reveal the regional distribution of four seabird species, Ecological Applications, 27(7), 2017, pp. 2074-2091.

218. Wessex Architecture. 2015. Project Samphire,
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219. Anderson, C. and Grant, A. 2012. Argyll and Bute Landscape Wind Energy Capacity Study, Main Study Report.

220. Scott, K.E., Anderson, C., Dunsford, H., Benson, J.F. and MacFarlane, R. 2005. An assessment of the sensitivity and capacity of the Scottish seascape in relation to offshore windfarms. Scottish Natural Heritage Commissioned Report No.103 (ROAME No. F03AA06).
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221. ibid

222. CNE-Siar. 2012. Adopted Outer Hebrides Local Development Plan.

223. CNE-Siar. 2018. Outer Hebrides Local Development Plan Supplementary Guidance for Wind Energy Development.

224. Argyle and Bute Renewable Alliance. 2017. Renewable Energy Action Plan.

225. Scottish Enterprise and Highlights and Islands Enterprise. 2010. National renewables infrastructure plan Stage 2.
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226. Munro. 2018. Isles MSP hopeful of jobs revival at mothballed fabrication yard in Outer Hebrides, News published in the Press and Journal, 12 September 2018.
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227. Stornoway Port Authority. 2017. Masterplan for Stornoway Port.
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228. Kishorn Port. 2018. Kishorn Port & Dry Dock - Showcase Day 19th September 2018.
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229. Marine Scotland. 2013. Wave Energy in Scottish Waters- Initial Plan Framework (Draft Plan Options).
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230. Marine Scotland. 2013. Tidal Energy in Scottish Waters- Initial Plan Framework (Draft Plan Options).
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231. Scottish Government. 2015. Scotland's National Marine Plan, A Single Framework for Managing Our Seas.
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232. Scottish and Southern Electricity Networks. 2018. Western Isles.
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233. Highlands and Islands Airports Limited. 2018. Benbecula Airport.
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234. BBC, 2017. Job cuts at UK's largest missile range.
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235. MMO, 2016. UK Fishing Vessel Numbers by Home Port 2016.
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236. Scottish Government, 2018. Scottish Sea Fisheries Statistics 2017.
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237. Scottish Government. 2012. Offshore Wind Energy in Scottish Waters - Draft Regional Locational Guidance. doi: 10.7489/1686-1.

238. Orkney island Council Harbour Authority. 2018. Stromness.
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239. Orkney island Council Harbour Authority. 2018. Kirkwall.
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240. Orkney island Council Harbour Authority. 2018. Lyness.
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241. Scrabster Harbour. 2018. Sectors.
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242. Welcome to Scotland. 2018. Northern Highlands of Scotland- Fishing, Angling.
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243. Scuba Travel. 2018. World's Best Wreck Dives: the Top 10.
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244. Surfers Against Sewage. 2018. Waves Are Resources. St Agnes.

245. Visit Scotland. 2017. Tourism in Scotland's Regions 2016. Edinburgh.
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247. Visit Scotland. 2018. The Outer Hebrides Visitor Survey 2017.
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248. National Records of Scotland. 2018. Mid-Year Population Estimates, Mid-2017.
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249. National Statistics, 2018. Regional Employment Patterns: Statistics from the Annual Population Survey 2017.
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250. Scottish Government. 2016. SIMD16 Analysis Orkney Islands.
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251. SEPA, 2018. Water Classification Hub, water body condition data for 2017.
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252. Baxter, J.M., Boyd, I.L., Cox, M., Donald, A.E., Malcolm, S.J., Miles, H., Miller, B., Moffat, C.F. 2011. Scotland's Marine Atlas: Information for the national marine plan. Marine Scotland, Edinburgh.
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253. Scottish Natural Heritage. undated. Ocean quahog (Arctica islandica) (Priority Marine Feature) (SNH WMS). Data held on Marine Scotland NMPi.
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254. SMRU. 2016. Scientific Advice on Matters Related to the Management of Seal Populations.
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255. ibid

256. Tollit, D., Black, A., Thompson, P. Mackay, A., Corpe, H., Wilson, B., Van Parijs, S., Grellier, K., Parlane, S. 1998. Variations in harbour seal Phoca vitulina diet and dive-depths in relation to foraging habitat, Journal of the Zoological Society of London, 1998, 244.
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257. Scottish Natural Heritage. 2019. Sule Skerry and Sule Stack SPA. A
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258. Wakefield, E., Owen, E., Baer, J., Carroll, M., Daunt, F., Dodd, S., Green, J., Guilford, T., Mavor, R., Miller, P., Newell, M., Newton, S., Robertson, G., Shoji, A., Soanes, L., Votier, S., Wanless, S., Bolton, M. 2017. Density, fine-scale tracking, and large-scale modeling reveal the regional distribution of four seabird species, Ecological Applications, 27(7), 2017, pp. 2074-2091.
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259. Wessex Architecture. 2015. Project Samphire,
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260. Scott, K.E., Anderson, C., Dunsford, H., Benson, J.F. and MacFarlane, R. 2005. An assessment of the sensitivity and capacity of the Scottish seascape in relation to offshore windfarms. Scottish Natural Heritage Commissioned Report No.103 (ROAME No. F03AA06).
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261. ibid

262. CNE-Siar. 2012. Adopted Outer Hebrides Local Development Plan.
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263. CNE-Siar. 2018. Outer Hebrides Local Development Plan Supplementary Guidance for Wind Energy Development.
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264. Orkney Islands Council. 2009. A Sustainable Energy Strategy for Orkney.
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265. Orkney Islands Council. 2017. Orkney Local Development Plan.
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266. National Grid. 2017. Electricity Ten Year Statement, November 2017.
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267. Beatrice Offshore Wind Ltd. 2019. About.
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268. Moray Offshore Renewable Power. 2019. Moray East Commences Offshore Construction Works of 950MW Windfarm
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269. ibid

270. 4COffshore. 2019. Shetland HVDC link interconnector.
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273. Scottish Enterprise and Highlights and Islands Enterprise. 2010. National renewables infrastructure plan Stage 2.
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275. Marine Scotland. 2013. Wave Energy in Scottish Waters- Initial Plan Framework (Draft Plan Options).
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276. Marine Scotland. 2013. Tidal Energy in Scottish Waters- Initial Plan Framework (Draft Plan Options).
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277. Scottish Government. 2015. Scotland's National Marine Plan, A Single Framework for Managing Our Seas.
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278. 4COffshore. 2019. Events on Moray West: Project Dates.
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279. Scottish and Southern Electricity Networks. 2018. Caithness- Moray.
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280. North Connect. 2018. HVDC Cable Infrastructure- UK Construction Method Statement.
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281. Scottish and Southern Electricity Networks. 2018. Shetland.
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282. European Network of Transmission Systems. Undated. Project 294- Maali.
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311. Ellis, J.R., Milligan, S.P., Readdy, L.,Taylor, N. and Brown, M.J. 2012. Spawning and nursery grounds of selected fish species in UK waters. Sci. Ser. Tech. Rep., Cefas. Lowestoft, 147: 56 pp.

312. Sea Mammal Research Unit (SMRU) and Marine Scotland. 2017. Estimated at-sea Distribution of Grey and Harbour Seals - updated maps 2017. doi: 10.7489/2029-1.
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314. Baxter, J.M., Boyd, I.L., Cox, M., Donald, A.E., Malcolm, S.J., Miles, H., Miller, B., Moffat, C.F. 2011. Scotland's Marine Atlas: Information for the national marine plan. Marine Scotland, Edinburgh.
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316. Wakefield, E., Owen, E., Baer, J., Carroll, M., Daunt, F., Dodd, S., Green, J., Guilford, T., Mavor, R., Miller, P., Newell, M., Newton, S., Robertson, G., Shoji, A., Soanes, L., Votier, S., Wanless, S., Bolton, M. 2017. Density, fine-scale tracking, and large-scale modeling reveal the regional distribution of four seabird species, Ecological Applications, 27(7), 2017, pp. 2074-2091.
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317. Aberdeenshire Council. 2014. Strategic Landscape Capacity Assessment for Wind Energy in Aberdeenshire.
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319. Scott, K.E., Anderson, C., Dunsford, H., Benson, J.F. and MacFarlane, R. 2005. An assessment of the sensitivity and capacity of the Scottish seascape in relation to offshore windfarms. Scottish Natural Heritage Commissioned Report No.103 (ROAME No. F03AA06).
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321. Orkney Islands Council. 2017. Orkney Local Development Plan.
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322. Moray Council. undated. Make it Buckie for Offshore Renewables.
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323. Aberdeenshire Council. 2004. The Renewable Energy Strategy, A strategy to promote the generation of energy from renewable sources.
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324. Shetland Council and Shetland Renewables. 2009. Renewable Energy Development in Shetland: Strategy and Action Plan.
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325. Shetland Islands Council. 2014. Shetland Local Development Plan.
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326. National Grid. 2017. Electricity Ten Year Statement, November 2017.
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331. 4COffshore. 2019. Eastern HVDC Link (E4DC Peterhead - Hawthorn Pit) Interconnector: Events.
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332. Oil and Gas Authority (OGA). 2019. Offshore interactive map.
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333. Aberdeen International Airport. 2018. Offshore Working.
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334. MMO, 2016. UK Fishing Vessel Numbers by Home Port 2016.
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335. Scottish Government, 2018. Scottish Sea Fisheries Statistics 2017.
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336. Scottish Government. 2012. Offshore Wind Energy in Scottish Waters - Draft Regional Locational Guidance. doi: 10.7489/1686-1.

337. Surfers Against Sewage. 2010. Waves Are Resources. St Agnes.
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338. Magicseaweed. 2018. Southeast Scotland Surfing.
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339. National Records of Scotland. 2018. Mid-Year Population Estimates, Mid-2017.
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340. National Statistics, 2018. Regional Employment Patterns: Statistics from the Annual Population Survey 2017.
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341. Scottish Government. 2016. SIMD16 Analysis Aberdeenshire.
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342. SEPA. 2018. Water Classification Hub, water body condition data for 2017.
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343. Ellis, J.R., Milligan, S.P., Readdy, L.,Taylor, N. and Brown, M.J. 2012. Spawning and nursery grounds of selected fish species in UK waters. Sci. Ser. Tech. Rep., Cefas. Lowestoft, 147: 56 pp.

344. Baxter, J.M., Boyd, I.L., Cox, M., Donald, A.E., Malcolm, S.J., Miles, H., Miller, B., Moffat, C.F. 2011. Scotland's Marine Atlas: Information for the national marine plan. Marine Scotland, Edinburgh.
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345. Quick, N., Arso, M., Cheney, B., Islas, V., Janik, V., Thompson, P., Hammond, P. 2014. The east coast of Scotland bottlenose dolphin population: Improving understanding of ecology outside the Moray Firth SAC, 14D/086.
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346. Wakefield, E., Owen, E., Baer, J., Carroll, M., Daunt, F., Dodd, S., Green, J., Guilford, T., Mavor, R., Miller, P., Newell, M., Newton, S., Robertson, G., Shoji, A., Soanes, L., Votier, S., Wanless, S., Bolton, M. 2017. Density, fine-scale tracking, and large-scale modeling reveal the regional distribution of four seabird species, Ecological Applications, 27(7), 2017, pp. 2074-2091.
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347. Scott, K.E., Anderson, C., Dunsford, H., Benson, J.F. and MacFarlane, R. 2005. An assessment of the sensitivity and capacity of the Scottish seascape in relation to offshore windfarms. Scottish Natural Heritage Commissioned Report No.103 (ROAME No. F03AA06).
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348. Aberdeenshire Council. 2004. The Renewable Energy Strategy, A strategy to promote the generation of energy from renewable sources.
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349. Aberdeen City Council. 2016. Aberdeen's Sustainable Energy Action Plan.
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350. Angus Council. 2012. Angus Local Plan Review, Implementation Guide for Renewable Energy Proposals.
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351. Angus Council. 2013. Draft Renewable Energy Community Benefit Policy.
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352. EnergyDundee. undated. [online]
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353. Fife Council. 2013. Wind Energy Planning Supplementary Guidance, Enterprise Planning and Protective Services.
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354. East Lothian Council. 2016. Proposed Local Development Plan.
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355. ibid.

356. East Lothian Council. undated. Special Planning Guidance (SPG) Appendix 2: Special Landscape Areas.
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