Highly Protected Marine Areas - policy framework and site selection guidelines: socio-economic impact assessment – methodology
This initial socio-economic impact assessment (SEIA) identifies and assesses potential economic and social effects of HPMAs and proposes a methodology for carrying out the site specific SEIAs.
Footnotes
2 NatureScot (2021) The MPA Network
4 ibid
5 Marine Scotland Directorate (in press) Highly Protected Marine Areas Policy Framework.
8 Scottish Government (2012) A Strategy for Marine Nature Conservation in Scotland’s Seas
9 NatureScot (2021) The MPA Network
10 NatureScot (2022) Marine Protected Areas (MPAs)
11 JNCC (2022) Marine Protected Area Advice
12 Marine Scotland, 2013. Planning Scotland's Seas: 2013 - The Scottish Marine Protected Area Project – Developing the Evidence Base tor Impact Assessments and the Sustainability Appraisal Final Report.
13 Marine Scotland, 2018. Proposed Inshore MPA/SAC Fisheries Management Measures – Phase 2. Socio-Economic Impact Assessment. October 2018. Report prepared by ABPmer & eftec for the Scottish Government.
14 Marine Scotland, 2019. SEIA of Proposed Marine Protected Areas. Socio-Economic Impact Assessment. January 2019. Prepared by ABPmer & eftec for Marine Scotland.
15 Marine Scotland, 2019. Development of a Deep Sea Marine Reserve, West of Scotland. Socio-Economic Impact Assessment. September 2019. Accessed 21 July 2022.
16 Marine Scotland, in prep. SEIA of Offshore Marine Protected Areas in Scottish Waters.
17 HM Treasury, 2022. The Green Book. Central Government Guidance on Appraisal and Evaluation.
18 Scottish Government, 2015 Business and Regulatory Impact Assessments (BRIA): guidance
19 GDP deflator data includes the forecasted percentage change in GDP deflator for future years. Taken from the Office for Budgetary Responsibility (OBR) forecasts for GDP deflator increases Economy supplementary tables.
20 Marine Scotland, 2013. Planning Scotland's Seas: 2013 - The Scottish Marine Protected Area Project – Developing the Evidence Base tor Impact Assessments and the Sustainability Appraisal Final Report.
21 Marine Scotland, 2019. SEIA of Proposed Marine Protected Areas. Socio-Economic Impact Assessment. January 2019. Prepared by ABPmer & eftec for Marine Scotland.
22 Marine Scotland, 2019. Development of a Deep Sea Marine Reserve, West of Scotland. Socio-Economic Impact Assessment. September 2019. Accessed 21 July 2022.
23 Marine Scotland, 2019. Sectoral Marine Plan for Offshore Wind Energy; Social and Economic Impact Assessment Report – Final. December 2019.Accessed 25 August 2022.
24 Marine Scotland, 2022. Initial Plan Framework Sectoral Marine Plan for Offshore Wind for Innovation and Targeted Oil and Gas Decarbonisation (INTOG). February 2022. Accessed 25 August 2022.
25 Marine Scotland, 2019. Sectoral Marine Plan for Offshore Wind Energy; Social and Economic Impact Assessment Report – Final. December 2019. Accessed 25 August 2022.
26 Marine Scotland, 2022. Initial Plan Framework Sectoral Marine Plan for Offshore Wind for Innovation and Targeted
Oil and Gas Decarbonisation (INTOG). February 2022. Accessed 25 August 2022.
27 CO2 Stored Accessed 6 July 2022
28 AIS data published under Open Government Licence. Reproduced with permission of the MCA and MMO.
29 A five-year period from 2015-2019 would avoid the incorporation of 2020 which was an anomalous year for fishing activity due to the Covid-19 pandemic and would align with the data used for the SEIA of fisheries management measures in offshore MPAs, and potentially of ScotWind and INTOG assessments, and therefore would contribute to the consistency of the cumulative assessment.
30 Marine Scotland, 2013. Planning Scotland's Seas: 2013 - The Scottish Marine Protected Area Project – Developing the Evidence Base tor Impact Assessments and the Sustainability Appraisal Final Report.
31 Marine Scotland, 2019. SEIA of Proposed Marine Protected Areas. Socio-Economic Impact Assessment. January 2019. Prepared by ABPmer & eftec for Marine Scotland.
32 Marine Scotland, 2019. Development of a Deep Sea Marine Reserve, West of Scotland. Socio-Economic Impact Assessment. September 2019. Accessed 21 July 2022.
33 Marine Scotland, 2013. ibid.
34 Defra, 2012. Designation of Marine Conservation Zones in English Inshore Waters and English and Welsh Offshore Waters. Impact Assessment. IA No: Defra 1475. December 2012.
35 Risk & Policy Analysts & ABPmer, 2009. Full Regulatory Impact Assessment: Scottish Marine Bill. Final Report. March, 2009.
38 Scottish Government, 2009. Final Regulatory Impact Assessment for the Marine (Scotland) Bill.
39 Finding Sanctuary, Irish Seas Conservation Zones, Net Gain and Balanced Seas. 2012. Impact Assessment materials in support of the Regional Marine Conservation Zone Projects’ Recommendations.
40 Marine Scotland, 2013. Planning Scotland's Seas: 2013 - The Scottish Marine Protected Area Project – Developing the Evidence Base tor Impact Assessments and the Sustainability Appraisal Final Report.
41 Marine Scotland, 2019. SEIA of Proposed Marine Protected Areas. Socio-Economic Impact Assessment. January 2019. Prepared by ABPmer & eftec for Marine Scotland.
42 Marine Scotland, 2019. Development of a Deep Sea Marine Reserve, West of Scotland. Socio-Economic IMPACT ASSESSMENT. September 2019. Accessed 21 July 2022.
43 Marine Scotland, in prep. SEIA of Offshore Marine Protected Areas in Scottish Waters.
44 Marine Scotland, no date. Marine Protected Areas in inshore waters: guidance for undertaking Socio-Economic Impact Assessments (SEIA).
45 Natural Capital Committee, 2013, State of Natural Capital Report. Natural Capital Committee, Defra.
46 Scottish Government, 2020. Scotland’s Marine Assessment 2020: Natural capital, ecosystem services and the Blue Economy. Accessed 5 Sept 2022.
47 UK National Ecosystem Assessment (2011) The UK National Ecosystem Assessment Technical Report. UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge.
48 Austen, M., Malcolm, S., Frost, M., Hattam, C., Mangi, S., Stentiford, G., 2011. Marine. In: The UK National Ecosystem Assessment Technical Report. UK National Ecosystem Assessment. Cambridge: UNEP-WCMC.
49 Potts T, Burdon D, Jackson E, Atkins J, Saunders J, Hastings E, Langmead O., 2014. Do marine protected areas deliver flows of ecosystem services to support human welfare? Marine Policy 44; 139–148.
50 Burdon D, Potts T, Barbone C, Mandera L., 2017. The matrix revisited: A bird's-eye view of marine ecosystem service provision. Marine Policy 77; 78–89.
51 ENCA Asset Databook - August 2021
52 ONS, 2021. Marine Accounts, Natural Capital, UK: 2021. Accessed 5 Sept 2022.
53 Smeaton et al. (2020). Re-Evaluating Scotland’s Sedimentary Carbon Stocks. Scottish Marine and Freshwater Science Vol 11 No 2, 16pp. Accessed 5 Sept 2022.
54 E.g. Burrows et al. (2017). Assessment of Blue Carbon Resources in Scotland’s Inshore Marine Protected Area Network.
55 McVittie, A., & Moran, D., 2008. Determining monetary values for use and non-use goods and services: Marine Biodiversity–primary valuation. Final Report to Defra.
56 Kenter, J.O., Bryce, R., Davies, A., Jobstvogt, N., Watson, V., Ranger, S., Solandt, J.L., Duncan, C., Christie, M., Crump, H., Irvine, K.N., Pinard, M. & Reed, M.S., 2013. The value of potential marine protected areas in the UK to divers and sea anglers. UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge, UK.
57 Brouwer, R., Brouwer, S., Eleveld, M. A., Verbraak, M., Wagtendonk, A. J., & Van Der Woerd, H. J., 2016. Public willingness to pay for alternative management regimes of remote marine protected areas in the North Sea.
59 UK National Ecosystem Assessment Follow-on, 2014. The UK National Ecosystem Assessment Follow-on: Synthesis of the Key Findings. UNEP-WCMC, LWEC, UK.
60 eftec, ABPmer & University of Stirling, 2015. Valuing the UK Marine Environment – an Exploratory Study of Benthic Ecosystem Services. Project ME5106.
61 JNCC, NatureScot, 2022. Draft Guidelines for the Identification of Highly Protected Marine Areas (HPMAs) in Scotland’s Seas.
62 Marine Scotland, 2013. Planning Scotland's Seas: 2013 - The Scottish Marine Protected Area Project – Developing the Evidence Base tor Impact Assessments and the Sustainability Appraisal Final Report.
63 Kenter, J.O., Bryce, R., Davies, A., Jobstvogt, N., Watson, V., Ranger, S., Solandt, J.L., Duncan, C., Christie, M., Crump, H., Irvine, K.N., Pinard, M. & Reed, M.S., (2013). The value of potential marine protected areas in the UK to divers and sea anglers. UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge, UK.
64 Brander et al., 2015. The benefits to people of expanding Marine Protected Areas. IVM Institute for Environmental Studies.
65 Marine Scotland, 2013. Planning Scotland's Seas: 2013 - The Scottish Marine Protected Area Project – Developing the Evidence Base tor Impact Assessments and the Sustainability Appraisal Final Report.
66 Marine Scotland, 2013. Planning Scotland’s Seas: Sectoral Marine Plans for Offshore Wind, Wave and Tidal Energy in Scottish Waters - Consultation Draft, July 2013.
67 Marine Scotland Science, 2017. Scotland Marine Protected Areas Socioeconomic Monitoring. 2016 Report. Marine Analytical Unit, Marine Scotland Science, Scottish Government. Accessed 19 April 2018.
68 Marine Scotland, 2018. Proposed Inshore MPA/SAC Fisheries Management Measures – Phase 2. Socio-Economic Impact Assessment. October 2018. Report prepared by ABPmer & eftec for the Scottish Government.
69 Marine Scotland, in prep. SEIA of Offshore Marine Protected Areas in Scottish Waters.
70 Marine Scotland, 2019. SEIA of Proposed Marine Protected Areas. Socio-Economic Impact Assessment. January 2019. Prepared by ABPmer & eftec for Marine Scotland.
71 This figure is a notional amount to reflect the likelihood that some minor additional assessment and reporting will be required. It is based on industry knowledge and experience of writing such assessments, and it is considered that the majority of information required would already be prepared to inform the EIA / Environmental Report, therefore this additional cost is relatively minor. This figure is applied across all relevant sectors (with the exception of Ports and Harbours for which a separate industry-specific value is used). It represents an average value for the purposes of assessment and in practice the actual value incurred may be higher or lower.
72 This figure is a notional amount to reflect the likelihood that some minor additional assessment and reporting will be required. It is based on industry knowledge and experience of writing such assessments, and it is considered that the majority of information required would already be prepared to inform the EIA / Environmental Report, therefore this additional cost is relatively minor. This figure is applied across all relevant sectors (with the exception of Ports and Harbours for which a separate industry-specific value is used). It represents an average value for the purposes of assessment and in practice the actual value incurred may be higher or lower.
73 ACT Acorn, 2018. ACT Acorn Feasibility Study, D05 Site Selection Report, 10196ACTC-Reo-08-01, January 2018.
74 BEIS (2020). Carbon Capture, Usage and Storage. A Government Response on Re-use of Oil and Gas Assets for Carbon Capture and Storage Projects. Accessed 6 July 2022.
75 CO2 Stored. Accessed 6 July 2022.
76 BEIS (2018). Clean Growth. The UK Carbon Capture Usage and Storage deployment pathway. An Action Plan.. Accessed 6 July 2022.
77 CCC (2022). Progress in reducing emissions. 2022 Report to Parliament. June 2022. Accessed 6 July 2022.
78 United Kingdom Marine Monitoring and Assessment Strategy (UKMMAS), 2010. Charting Progress 2 Feeder Report Productive Seas. Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs on behalf of UKMMAS (Eds. Saunders, J. and McKie, J.) 472pp
79 At the time of drafting, these were available on NMPi, but at the time of submitting the first draft, these no longer appeared to be available. Only the National Coastal Change Assessment is now available. An alternative data source is Eurosion coastline classification data, which gives a broader picture but is also deficient.
80 However, the length of some coastal protection schemes since 2000 are provided in Marine Scotland (2011) Scotland's Marine Atlas: Information for The National Marine Plan. Accessed 26 August 2022.
81 Alternatively, the data used could be aligned with the data for the offshore and inshore MPA fisheries management measures SEIAs, likely to be 2015-2019 for both
82 McLeod, M., 2014. Scottish MPA Project – Assessing the potential levels and effect of fisheries displacement as a consequence of possible management measures for future inshore Marine Protected Areas.
83 Seafish - Fishing data and insight.
84 Scottish Government Input-Output Tables.
85 3.5% rate used based on HM Treasury Green Book Guidance (2017). Discounting is the technique of applying a discount rate to convert future monetary amounts to their equivalent value in today’s terms, (based on the premise that people prefer to receive benefits in the present rather than in the future).
86 Baxter, J.M., Boyd, I.L., Cox, M., Donald, A.E., Malcolm, S.J., Miles, H., Miller, B., Moffat, C.F., (Editors), 2011. Scotland's Marine Atlas: Information for the national marine plan. Marine Scotland, Edinburgh.
87 Defra, 2012. Designation of Marine Conservation Zones in English Inshore Waters and English and Welsh Offshore Waters. Impact Assessment. IA No: Defra 1475. December 2012
88 ibid
89 Defra, 2012. Designation of Marine Conservation Zones in English Inshore Waters and English and Welsh Offshore Waters. Impact Assessment. IA No: Defra 1475. December 2012
90 Figure uprated from Defra, 2012. Designation of Marine Conservation Zones in English Inshore Waters and English and Welsh Offshore Waters. Impact Assessment. IA No: Defra 1475. December 2012. The figure for Ports and Harbours is higher than for other sectors to reflect that licence applications can be more complex in this sector, potentially combining a variety of construction activities as well as dredging).
91 UK Government, 2022. Guidance on Commercial and recreational fishing
92 Scottish Government. Salmon and recreational fisheries
93 Radford, A., Riddington, G. and Gibson, H., 2009. Economic Impact of Recreational Sea Angling in Scotland. Prepared for the Scottish Government. July 2009. ISBN: 978-0-7559-8130-4.
94 Hyder K, Brown A, Armstrong M, Bell B, Alison Hook S, Kroese J, & Radford Z, 2021. Participation, effort, and catches of sea anglers resident in the UK in 2018 & 2019. CEFAS.
95 Land Use Consultants (LUC), 2016. Scottish marine recreation and tourism survey 2015. Final report prepared by LUC, March 2016.
96 Taormina, B., et al. 2018. Ibid.
97 eftec, CEH, SQW and ABPmer (2019) The Ecosystem Contribution to Tourism and Outdoor Leisure. Report to Defra.
98 Benfield, S and McConnell, S, 2007. Marine and Coastal Visitor Management, Public Engagement and Interpretation in Argyll and the Islands: the way forward. Marine and Coastal Development Unit, Argyll & Bute Council, 2007, pp1-145.
99 LUC (2016). Scottish Marine Recreation and Tourism Survey, 2015. Prepared for Marine Scotland, March 2016.
100 Land Use Consultants (LUC), 2016. Scottish marine recreation and tourism survey 2015. Final report prepared by LUC, March 2016.
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