Social Care Services, Scotland, 2016

2. Social Care Summary Information

Age and gender

Figure 4 shows that most social care clients tend to be in older age groups, and that the proportion of clients who are female increases with age; for the youngest age groups there is a slight majority who are male, however as the age groups get older there is an increasing proportion of females. The 18-64 age group (covered in Section 4 of this report) is split almost exactly 50/50 between male and female. For clients aged 65+ (covered in Section 3 of this report) 67% are female and 33% are male.

Factors that affect this include women on average living longer than men and women being more likely to live alone as they get older. Figure 4 also shows that the 0-17 age group accounts for less than 2% of clients. Due to potential disclosure issues with small numbers there is no section focusing on 0-17 year olds in this report.

Figure 4: Age and gender of Social Care clients, 2016

Note: Total of 207,950 clients. Gender information was unavailable for 60 clients.
Source: Scottish Government Social Care Survey 2016

Ethnicity

Of all 2016 Social Care clients for whom ethnicity information was known, 98% were recorded as being "White", with 2% in other ethnic groups (Table 1).

Table 1: Ethnicity of Social Care clients, 2016

Ethnic Group	Clients 1	Percentage 2
White	143,810	98%
Other ethnicity	2,780	2%

¹ Ethnicity information was unavailable for 61,360 clients.
² Percentages are based on client figures rounded to the nearest ten and are given to nearest percentage point.
Source: Scottish Government Social Care Survey 2016

Living arrangements (Home Care clients aged 18+)

Home Care clients are more likely to be living alone as they get older: 53% of those aged 65+ were living alone, compared with 38% of those aged 18-64 (Figure 5)

Figure 5: Living arrangements of Home Care clients aged 18+*, 2016

Based on 40,220 Home Care clients aged 18+. There were 19,250 cases with no data on Living Arrangements.
Source: Scottish Government Social Care Survey 2016

Client Group

Figure 6 shows the breakdown of Social Care clients by client group: the reason for needing a social care service. This shows that the largest groups are "Frail Older People" and "Physical Disability".

Figure 6: Client Group of clients receiving Social Care services, 2016

- Total of 207,920 clients
¹ Dementia is known to be under recorded in the social care management information system.
² Other includes addictions, palliative care and carers.
Source: Scottish Government Social Care Survey 2016

Figure 7 shows the breakdown of 2016 Social Care clients by age and client group. Almost all of the clients receiving a service due to being frail and elderly (100%) or due to dementia (98%) are aged 65 and over, while the majority of those receiving a service due to Mental Health (64%) or a Learning Disability (88%) are aged under 65.

Figure 7: Proportion of Social Care clients aged (a) under 65 and (b) 65+, by client group, 2016

Source: Scottish Government Social Care Survey 2016

Home Care service provision

Over the past ten years Local Authorities have increasingly purchased Home Care from the private and voluntary sector, rather than providing services directly themselves. In March 2016, 48% of clients were receiving services provided solely by Local Authority staff (Figure 8). This proportion has been decreasing each year since 2007. The proportion of Home Care hours being provided by Local Authority staff was 32% in March 2016 and has again decreased every year since 2007. The difference between these proportions and those seen for client numbers reflects the fact that the private and voluntary sectors, on average, provide larger packages of care.

Figure 8: Home Care provision by Service Provider, 2007 to 2016 (all ages)

Source: Scottish Government Social Care Survey 2013-2016, Home Care Census 2007-2012

Age breakdown for key services covered in this report

Sections 3 and 4 of this report focus on older people (ages 65+) and working-age adults (ages 18-64) respectively. The services covered in these sections are Home Care, Community Alarm / Telecare and Direct Payments: Figure 9 shows the age distribution of clients receiving these three services; while Community Alarm / Telecare and Home Care services are mainly used by older people, the majority of people receiving Direct Payments are aged under 65.

Figure 9: Home Care, Community Alarm/Telecare and Direct Payments clients, by age, 2016

From 2013, Local Authorities were asked to class 24-7 care as Housing Support, not Home Care.
Source: Scottish Government Social Care Survey 2016

Local Authority comparison: Home Care & Direct Payments rates per 1,000 population

Figures 10 and 11 give an overview of how service provision varies across Scotland for Home Care and Direct Payments respectively. The number of clients receiving Home Care / Direct Payments for each Local Authority is presented as a rate per 1,000 population.

Note that while these charts enable comparisons to be made between Local Authorities, they should not be considered as a "ranking" as they will reflect the different demographics in each area and demand for services. There are several factors that can affect levels of recorded service provision, such as differing proportions of elderly people (who make greater use of Home Care) and different levels of deprivation. Such variations are reflected in the funding formulae used to allocate resources to Local Authorities.

Figure 10: Clients receiving Home Care per 1,000 population, by Local Authority, 2016

Source: Scottish Government Social Care Survey 2016

Figure 11: Clients receiving Direct Payments per 1,000 population, by Local Authority, 2016

Source: Scottish Government Social Care Survey 2016

Meals Services

Data on Meals services provided at home has proved difficult for Local Authorities to capture, and as such the figures presented here; i) are likely to be less than the true figures, and ii) should not be compared with previous years' figures to gauge changes in provision. There were 7,130 people recorded as receiving Meals services at the 2016 census. Figure 12 shows that most clients who received meals services were in the older age groups, while the majority (59%) received hot meals rather than frozen meals.

Figure 12: Clients receiving Hot or Frozen Meals¹, by age, 2016

¹ Some clients receive both hot and frozen meals.
² Three Local Authorities did not submit Meals data for 2016. Direct comparisons should not be made with previous years.
Source: Scottish Government Social Care Survey 2016

Housing Support

Data on Housing Support was presented for the first time in 2015. Housing Support includes services such as assistance to claim welfare benefits, filling in forms, managing budgets and help with shopping and housework. In previous years there has been some overlap in the definitions of Housing Support and Home Care used in recording by some Local Authorities; from 2013 Local Authorities were asked to record Live-in and 24/7 services as Housing Support and not Home Care. Note that around 79% of Housing Support clients were recorded as also receiving another Social Care service, while for 11 Local Authorities this figure was 100%. This suggests there are likely to be other Housing Support clients who are not captured in the survey.

There were 21,010 people recorded as receiving Housing Support in 2016. This is over a third of the number who receive Home Care (59,780). While Home Care is provided mainly for older people, Housing Support tends to be split more evenly between older people and under 65s (Figure 13). Note that there is some overlap between the two categories: around one third of Housing Support clients (30%) also received Home Care.

Figure 13: Number of clients receiving Housing Support¹ and Home Care, by age, 2016

¹ 30% of Housing Support clients also received Home Care.
² 79% of Housing Support clients were recorded as also receiving another Social Care service, while for 11 Local Authorities this figure was 100%. This suggests there may be extra Housing Support clients not captured in the survey.
Source: Scottish Government Social Care Survey 2016

The remainder of this report looks in more detail at the provision of Home Care, Community Alarm / Telecare services and Direct Payments for older people ( Section 3) and working age adults ( Section 4).