Supporting roots: report

Report providing a broad picture of the needs of birth parents who have lost a child or children to ‘care’, and of the support and services that are currently available in Scotland. This report is designed to support best practice and service innovation.


References

Alder, J. (Ed.) (2019). Supporting birth parents whose children have been adopted. London and Philadelphia: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.

Alrouh, B., et al. (2019). Born into Care: Newborns and infants in care proceedings in Wales, Nuffield Family Justice Observatory.

Alrouh, B., et al. (2020) Women in recurrent care proceedings in Wales a first benchmarking report Nuffield Foundation.

Bedston, S., et al. (2019). Understanding recurrent care proceedings: Competing risks of how mothers and fathers enter subsequent care proceedings in England. International Journal of Population Data Science 4 (3).

Bell, L., et al. (2016). Mothers’ Voices: Hearing and Assessing the Contributions of ‘Birth Mothers’ to the Development of Social Work Interventions and Family Support | The British Journal of Social Work | Oxford Academic (oup.com).

Bellew, R. and U. Peeran (2017). After Adoption's Breaking the Cycle programme: An evaluation of the two year pilot. September 2014 to August 2016, Coram

Bengtsson, T. T. and K. Karmsteen (2020). Recognition of Parental Love: Birth Parents’ Experiences with Cooperation When Having a Child Placed in Family Foster Care in Denmark | The British Journal of Social Work | Oxford Academic (oup.com)

Bilson, A. and Bywaters, P. (2020). Born into care: evidence of a failed state. Children and Youth Services Review September 2020.

Boddy, J. and B. Wheeler (2020). Societies | Free Full-Text | Protecting Children, Empowering Birth Parents: New Approaches in Family Justice (mdpi.com)

Bowyer, R. G., et al. (2020). Evaluation of Pause, Department for Education.

Boyd, R. (2019). Foster care outcomes and experiences of infants removed due to substance abuse: Journal of Public Child Welfare: Vol 13, No 5 (tandfonline.com)

Braun, V. and Victoria Clarke, V. (2021). Thematic Analysis: A Practical Guide. London, United Kingdom: Sage.

Broadhurst, K. and C. Mason (2013). Maternal outcasts: raising the profile of women who are vulnerable to successive, compulsory removals of their children – a plea for preventative action: Journal of Social Welfare and Family Law: Vol 35, No 3 (tandfonline.com)

Broadhurst, K. and C. Mason (2017). Birth Parents and the Collateral Consequences of Court-ordered Child Removal: Towards a Comprehensive Framework | International Journal of Law, Policy and the Family | Oxford Academic (oup.com)

Broadhurst, K., et al. (2015). Vulnerable birth mothers and repeat losses of infants to public care: is targeted reproductive health care ethically defensible?: Journal of Social Welfare and Family Law: Vol 37, No 1 (tandfonline.com)

Broadhurst, K., & Mason, C. (2020). Child removal as the gateway to further adversity: Birth mother accounts of the immediate and enduring collateral consequences of child removal - Karen Broadhurst, Claire Mason, 2020 (sagepub.com)

Broadhurst, K. et al. (2017). Vulnerable birth mothers and recurrent care proceedings. Lancaster: University of Lancaster.

Broadhurst, K., Alrouh, B., Mason, C., Ward, H., Holmes, L., Ryan, M. and Bowyer,

S. (2018). Born into care: newborns in care proceedings in England - Nuffield Family Justice Observatory (nuffieldfjo.org.uk)

Bunting, L., et al. (2018). Article | Trends in Child Protection across the UK – A Comparative Analysis | University of Stirling

Canfield, M. et al. (2017). Maternal substance use and child protection: a rapid evidence assessment of factors associated with loss of child care. Child Abuse and Neglect, 70, 11-27.

Clapton, G. (2003) Birth Fathers and Their Adoption Experiences. London: Jessica Kingsley.

Clapton, G. and Hoggan, P. (2012). Adoption and Fostering in Scotland. Edinburgh: Dunedin Press.

Cox, P. (2012). Marginalized Mothers, Reproductive Autonomy, and ‘Repeat Losses To Care’ - Cox - 2012 - Journal of Law and Society - Wiley Online Library

Cox, P., et al. (2015).

Recurrent care proceedings: Service evaluation of positive choices (Suffolk County Council)

Cox, P., et al. (2017). Reducing recurrent care proceedings: initial evidence from new interventions: Journal of Social Welfare and Family Law: Vol 39, No 3 (tandfonline.com)

Cox, P. et al. (2020). Reducing Recurrent Care Proceedings: Building a Local Evidence Base in England. Societies, 10(4), 88, https://doi.org/10.3390/soc10040088.

Critchley, A. (2019). Jumping through hoops: Families’ experiences of pre-birth child protection. In L. Murray, L. McDonnell, T. Hinton-Smith, N. Ferreira, and K. Walsh, K. (Eds.) Families in Motion: Ebbing and Flowing through Space and Time (pp.135- 154). Bingley: Emerald Publishing.

Critchley, A. (2021). Giving up the ghost: Findings on fathers and social work from a study of pre-birth child protection. Qualitative Social Work, 21(3), 580 – 601.

Cusworth, L., Hooper, J., Henderson, G., Whincup, H. and Broadhurst, K. (2022). Scottish Government Born into care Scotland Circumstances Recurrence and Pathways (last accessed 27/05/2022).

Enlander, A., Simonds, L., and Hanna, P. (2021). Using the power threat meaning framework to explore birth parents' experiences of compulsory child removal. Journal of community & applied social psychology.

Everitt, L., et al. (2017). Working with Vulnerable Pregnant Women Who Are At Risk of Having their Babies Removed by the Child Protection Agency in New South Wales, Australia. Child Abuse Review 26(5): 351-363.

Geddes, E. (2021). “Some days it’s like she has died.” A qualitative exploration of first mothers’ utilisation of artefacts associated with now-adopted children in coping with grief and loss. Qualitative Social Work. Online First. August 2021.

Grant, T., et al. (2014). Improving pregnancy outcomes among high-risk mothers who abuse alcohol and drugs: Factors associated with subsequent exposed births | Request PDF (researchgate.net)

Griffiths, L.J., Johnson, R.D., Broadhurst, K., Cusworth, L., Bedston, S., Akbari, A., Lee, A., Alrouh, B., Doebler, S., Ford, A. and Ford, D. (2020). Born into care: One thousand mothers in care proceedings in Wales. London: Nuffield Foundation.

Hajski, A. (2020). Young Families in the Community: An Exploratory Analysis of Child Welfare Contact Among Young Mothers and their Children (umich.edu)

Hannah, B., and L. Condon (2020). Families who recurrently lose children into care: How can professionals support mothers? | Journal of Health Visiting (magonlinelibrary.com)

Harwin, J., et al. (2016). Family Drug and Alcohol Court (FDAC) Final Report 2016. Lancashire University

Harvey, S., et al. (2015). Hope amidst judgement: the meaning mothers accessing opioid treatment programmes ascribe to interactions with health services in the perinatal period. Journal of Family Studies 21(3): 282-304.

Healy, K. (2020). Recognising the caring capabilities of birth families of removed children: Towards a critical policy agenda - Karen Healy, 2020 (sagepub.com)

Holt, K., et al. (2013). Access to Justice for families? Legal advocacy for parents where children are on the ‘edge of care’: an English case study: Journal of Social Welfare and Family Law: Vol 35, No 2 (tandfonline.com)

Honey, A., et al. (2018). Mothering after child removal: Living under the rule of Greek gods - Honey - 2018 - Child & Family Social Work - Wiley Online Library

Honey, A., et al. (2019). Living with mental illness and child removal. Advances in Mental Health 1-12.2.

Independent Care Review (2020). About the promise - The Promise (last accessed 20/04/2022).

Johnson, R.D., et al. (2021). Health vulnerabilities of parents in care proceedings in Wales. London: Nuffield Family Justice Observatory.

Keddell, E., Fitzmaurice, L. and Cleaver, K. (2021a). The prevention project: Supporting whanau and reducing baby removals. University of Otago (last accessed 21/11/2021).

Keddell, E., Cleaver, K., Fitzmaurice, L. (2021b). The perspectives of community- based practitioners on preventing baby removals: Addressing legitimate and illegitimate factors. Children and Youth Services Review, 127: 106126.

Lever Taylor, B., et al. (2019) Experiences of social work intervention among mothers with perinatal mental health needs - Lever Taylor - 2019 - Health & Social Care in the Community - Wiley Online Library

Lewis, S. and G. Brady (2018). Parenting under Adversity: Birth Parents' Accounts of Inequality and Adoption — University of Huddersfield Research Portal

Luhamaa, K., et al. (2021). Services and support for mothers and newborn babies in vulnerable situations: A study of eight European jurisdictions - ScienceDirect

Macdonald, G., et al. (2018). Right from the start: protocol for a pilot study for a randomised trial of the New Baby Programme for improving outcomes for children born to socially vulnerable mothers | Pilot and Feasibility Studies | Full Text (biomedcentral.com)

Marsh, C. A., et al. (2015). Guilty until proven innocent?--the Assumption of Care of a baby at birth - PubMed (nih.gov)

Marsh, C. A., Browne, J., Taylor, J., and Davis. D. (2019). Making the hidden seen: A narrative analysis of the experiences of Assumption of Care at birth - ScienceDirect

Mason, C., & Broadhurst, K. (2012). Examining mothers' own histories in the context of repeat removal of children: informing a prevention agenda. Paper presented at New Horizons in Safeguarding Children, Manchester, United Kingdom.

Mason, C., et al. (2019). Pre-birth assessment and infant removal at birth: experiences and challenges - Nuffield Family Justice Observatory (nuffieldfjo.org.uk)

Mason C & Wilkinson J. (2021). Services for parents who have experienced recurrent care proceedings: Where are we now?. Dartington: Research in Practice.

Masson, J. and Dickens, J. (2015). Protecting unborn and newborn babies. Child Abuse Review, 24,107-119. DOI: 10.1002/car.2344.

McCracken, K., et al. (2017). Evaluation of Pause: Research Report, Department for Education

McElhinney, H., et al. (2019). Decision Making by Health and Social Care Professionals to Protect an Unborn Baby: Systematic Narrative Review: Child Care in Practice: Vol 27, No 3 (tandfonline.com)

McGrory, J., et al. (2020) Women who use alcohol and other drugs during pregnancy: exploring the complexity of client engagement and their compliance with human service expectations: Journal of Social Work Practice: Vol 34, No 1 (tandfonline.com).

Memarnia, N. (2014). Listening to the experience of birth mothers whose children have been taken into care or adopted (herts.ac.uk)

Memarnia, N., et al. (2015). ‘It felt like it was night all the time’: listening to the experiences of birth mothers whose children have been taken into care or adopted - Nina Memarnia, Lizette Nolte, Clare Norris, Alex Harborne, 2015 (sagepub.com).

Morgan, H.CM., Nolte, L., Rishworth, B. and Stevens, C. (2019). ‘(PDF) ‘My children are my world’: Raising the voices of birth mothers with substantial experience of counselling following the loss of their children to adoption or foster care (researchgate.net)

Morriss, L. (2018). Haunted futures: The stigma of being a mother living apart from her child(ren) as a result of state-ordered court removal - Lisa Morriss, 2018 (sagepub.com)

O'Connor, A., et al. (2020). Methamphetamine use in pregnancy, child protection, and removal of infants: Tertiary centre experience from Western Australia - PubMed (nih.gov)

Pearson, R.J., Jay, M.A., O’Donnell, M., Wijlaars, L. and Gilbert, R. (2020). Characterizing newborn and older infant entries into care in England between 2006 and 2014. Child Abuse and Neglect, 109, Online First November 2020, 104760.

Philip, G., et al. (2018). Building a picture of Fathers in Family Justice in England — University of East Anglia (uea.ac.uk)

Philip, G., et al. (2020). “I had no hope, I had no help at all”: Insights from a first study of fathers and recurrent care proceedings — University of East Anglia (uea.ac.uk)

Philip, G., Bedston, S., Youansamouth, L., Clifton, J., Broadhurst, K., Brandon, M., and Hu, Y. (2021). ‘Up Against It’: Understanding Fathers’ Repeat Appearance in Local Authority Care Proceedings (Full Project Report). The Centre for Child and Family Justice Research, Lancaster University.

Raab, G., McGhee, J. and Macintyre, C. (2020). Infants born into care in Scotland report.pdf (ed.ac.uk)

Rebbe, R., et al. (2019). Child protection reports and removals of infants diagnosed with prenatal substance exposure - PubMed (nih.gov)

Richardson, V., and A. Brammer (2020). Mothers of children removed under a care order: outcomes and experiences: Journal of Social Welfare and Family Law: Vol 42, No 3 (tandfonline.com)

Roberts, L. (2017). A small‐scale qualitative scoping study into the experiences of looked after children and care leavers who are parents in Wales - Roberts - 2017 - Child & Family Social Work - Wiley Online Library

Rutman, D., et al. (2020). Multi-service prevention programs for pregnant and parenting women with substance use and multiple vulnerabilities: Program structure and clients’ perspectives on wraparound programming | BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth | Full Text (biomedcentral.com)

Shaw, M., et al. (2014). Recurrent Care Proceedings: Part 4: the emergence of child protection as a public health issue: how would a more prevention-oriented approach alter the provision of services and the family-professional relationship? Family Law. 12, 44.

Taplin, S., and R. P. Mattick (2015). The nature and extent of child protection involvement among heroin‐using mothers in treatment: High rates of reports, removals at birth and children in care - Taplin - 2015 - Drug and Alcohol Review - Wiley Online Library

The Promise (2020) #KeepThePromise. Edinburgh: Scottish Government. Available at: Resources - The Promise

The Promise (2020) Recommendations from the Independent Care Review (Scotland). Available at: The-Promise.pdf (carereview.scot)

Tsantefski, M., Humphreys, C., and Jackson, A.C. (2014). Infant risk and safety in the context of maternal substance use. Children and Youth Services Review 47, 10- 17.

Van Vugt, E. and P. Versteegh (2020). “She gave me hope and lightened my heart”: The transition to motherhood among vulnerable (young) mothers | ScienceGate

Wall-Wieler, E., et al. (2018). Predictors of having a first child taken into care at birth: A population-based retrospective cohort study - PubMed (nih.gov)

Wall-Wieler, E., Roos, L.L., Brownell, M., Nickel, N., Chateau, D. and Singal, D. (2018b). Suicide attempts and completions among mothers whose children were taken into care by Child Protection Services: A Cohort Study using linkable administrative data. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 63(3), 170-177.

Welch V., et al. (2015). support for birth mothers after adoption | new adoption report | adoption in Scotland | latest adoption news (celcis.org)

Contact

Email: sophie.rogers@gov.scot

Back to top